本文選題：重金屬污染 + 長(zhǎng)江�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：為了研究長(zhǎng)江上游魚類體內(nèi)重金屬污染狀況以及重金屬暴露對(duì)魚類的生態(tài)毒理影響,本研究進(jìn)行了野外調(diào)查研究(實(shí)驗(yàn)1、2)和實(shí)驗(yàn)室處理研究(實(shí)驗(yàn)3)。實(shí)驗(yàn)1:于2012-2014年的3-6和9-11月,在三峽庫(kù)區(qū)萬(wàn)州江段采集了11種魚類樣本,分別為南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)、長(zhǎng)薄鰍(Leptobotia elongata)、鲇(Silurus asotus)、高體近紅泭(Ancherythroculter kurematsui)、鯽(Carassius auratus auratus)、鯉(Cyprinus carpio)、瓦氏黃顙魚(Pelteobagrus vachellii)、凹尾擬溈(Pseudobagrus emarginatus)、胭脂魚(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)、擬尖頭泭(Culter oxycephaloides)和大眼鱖(Siniperca knerii);在長(zhǎng)江干流朱楊江段采集4種魚類樣本,分別為南方鲇、瓦氏黃顙魚、圓口銅魚(Coreius guichenoti)和鯉;在沱江富順江段采集5種魚類樣本,分別為大眼鱖、鲇、大鰭溹(Hemibagrus macropterus)、鯽和鯉;在金沙江攀枝花江段采集7種魚類樣本,分別為長(zhǎng)薄鰍、圓口銅魚、光澤黃顙魚(Pelteobagrus nitidus)、鲇、鯉、鯽和圓筒吻泩(Rhinogobio cylindricus)。每種魚類的樣本量為3-23尾,共計(jì)307尾。采用微波消解和原子吸收光譜法測(cè)定了魚體肌肉中鉛(Pb)、鉻(Cr)、鎘(Cd)、砷(As)和汞(Hg)的含量以及全魚中Pb、Cr和Cd的含量。實(shí)驗(yàn)2:在長(zhǎng)江干流朱楊江段采集了南方鲇(10尾)、瓦氏黃顙魚(15尾)、圓口銅魚(17尾)和鯉(23尾)采用微波消解和原子吸收光譜法測(cè)定了魚體肝臟/肝胰臟、腎臟、胃腸道、鰓、骨骼、肌肉、皮膚或鱗中Pb、Cr、Cd、As和Hg的含量。實(shí)驗(yàn)3:在溫度為27.5℃,水體硬度為25 mg Ca CO3/L條件下,以南方鲇為研究對(duì)象(該種魚在野外調(diào)查研究發(fā)現(xiàn)有較高的Cd含量,且該種魚在長(zhǎng)江上游水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)處于食物鏈的頂端),以Cd Cl2為毒物,設(shè)置水體Cd濃度為:0(對(duì)照組)、62.5、125、250和500μg/L 5個(gè)濃度組,每天以體重2%日糧水平投喂8周后,測(cè)定了實(shí)驗(yàn)魚生長(zhǎng)、抗氧化、能量代謝和體內(nèi)Cd積累等方面的指標(biāo)。本研究取得的主要結(jié)果如下:1、三峽庫(kù)區(qū)萬(wàn)州江段11種魚類的全魚平均Pb、Cr和Cd含量分別為46.32-220.60μg/kg、41.39-125.12μg/kg和14.57-167.67μg/kg。在這11種魚類中,長(zhǎng)薄鰍全魚Pb、Cr和Cd含量均最高。這11種魚類肌肉Pb、Cr、Cd、As和Hg含量分別為12.28-89.39μg/kg、24.10-75.44μg/kg、0.95-44.28μg/kg、24.97-84.34μg/kg和ND-108.10μg/kg。在這11種魚類中,長(zhǎng)薄鰍肌肉Pb、Cr、Cd、As含量最高,凹尾擬溈肌肉Hg含量最高。2、長(zhǎng)江干流朱楊江段4種魚類全魚的平均Pb、Cr和Cd含量分別為30.78-155.98μg/kg、37.49-62.44μg/kg和16.66-20.37μg/kg。在這4種魚類中,鯉全魚中Pb和Cr含量最高,南方鲇全魚中Cd含量最高。這4種魚類肌肉Pb、Cr、Cd和As含量分別為14.76-52.69μg/kg、35.77-47.92μg/kg、1.01-2.48μg/kg和23.53-33.61μg/kg。在這4種魚類中,鯉魚肌肉中Pb、Cr和As含量均最高,圓口銅魚肌肉中Cd最高。這4種魚類的肌肉Hg含量均低于檢測(cè)限。3、沱江富順江段5種魚類的全魚平均Pb、Cr和Cd含量分別為54.41-113.44μg/kg、65.50-121.02μg/kg和13.22-25.16μg/kg。在這5種魚類中,鯽全魚中Pb含量最高,大鰭溹全魚Cr和Cd含量最高。這5種魚類肌肉Pb、Cr、Cd、As和Hg含量分別為30.53-47.28μg/kg、35.60-85.31μg/kg、1.74-3.26μg/kg、25.82-44.96μg/kg和ND-72.81μg/kg。在這5種魚類中,鯽肌肉中Pb、Cd和As含量最高,大鰭溹肌肉中Cr和Hg最高。4、金沙江攀枝花江段7種魚類的全魚平均Pb、Cr和Cd含量分別為61.47-378.91μg/kg、73.50-130.76μg/kg和18.45-214.28μg/kg。在這7種魚類中,長(zhǎng)薄鰍全魚有最高的Pb、Cr和Cd含量。這7種魚類肌肉Pb、Cr、Cd、As和Hg含量分別為37.10-109.56μg/kg、44.97-78.41μg/kg、2.92-40.79μg/kg、27.20-69.07μg/kg和ND-72.19μg/kg,長(zhǎng)薄鰍肌肉有最高的Pb、Cr、Cd、As和Hg含量。5、Pb在朱楊江段4種魚不同組織含量為14.76-615.61μg/kg,魚體骨骼和鱗片中Pb含量最高,肌肉中Pb含量最低。Cr在朱楊江段4種魚不同組織含量為27.03-248.20μg/kg;除圓口銅魚外,魚體肌肉中Cr含量最低,胃腸道中Cr含量最高。Cd在朱楊江段4種魚不同組織含量為1.01-502.02μg/kg,魚體腎臟中Cd含量最高,肌肉中Cd含量最低。As在朱楊江段4種魚不同組織含量為19.77-84.42μg/kg,魚體胃腸道中As含量最高,這4種魚類各組織器官的Hg含量均低于檢測(cè)限。6、實(shí)驗(yàn)魚鰓、肝臟、腎臟和腸組織中丙二醛(MDA)的含量均隨著水體Cd暴露濃度增加表現(xiàn)為升高趨勢(shì)。實(shí)驗(yàn)魚鰓、肝臟和腎臟組織總抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量隨著水體Cd暴露濃度升高而降低。腸組織中T-AOC、CAT和GSH隨著水體Cd暴露濃度升高變化不顯著。7、實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的靜止代謝率隨著水體中Cd濃度增加而先升高后降低,62.5、125和250μg Cd/L暴露組實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的靜止代謝率均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.05),500μg Cd/L暴露組實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的靜止代率與對(duì)照組無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05)。8、隨著水體Cd濃度升高,實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的特殊動(dòng)力作用(SDA)耗能和SDA系數(shù)呈下降趨勢(shì),250和500μg Cd/L實(shí)驗(yàn)組實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的SDA耗能和SDA系數(shù)均顯著低于對(duì)照組(P0.05)。9、實(shí)驗(yàn)魚體的肝臟線粒體狀態(tài)3呼吸率隨著水體中Cd暴露濃度升高而降低,當(dāng)水體Cd濃度大于125μg Cd/L組時(shí),實(shí)驗(yàn)魚體的肝臟線粒體狀態(tài)3呼吸顯著低于對(duì)照組(P0.05)。10、實(shí)驗(yàn)魚體的肌肉谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)和谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)活性隨著水體Cd暴露濃度增加表現(xiàn)出先升高后降低的趨勢(shì),125μg Cd/L、250μg Cd/L和500μg Cd/L暴露組肌肉ALT活性均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.05),125μg Cd/L和250μg Cd/L暴露組肌肉AST活性均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)魚體的肝臟AST活性隨著水體Cd暴露濃度增加表現(xiàn)出先升高后降低的趨勢(shì),但僅在250μg Cd/L暴露組時(shí)顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.05)。11、實(shí)驗(yàn)魚體的肌肉和肝臟蛋白質(zhì)的含量隨著水體Cd濃度升高而降低,各Cd濃度暴露組魚體肌肉蛋白質(zhì)的含量均顯著低于對(duì)照組(P0.05),250μg Cd/L和500μg Cd/L組實(shí)驗(yàn)魚肝臟中蛋白質(zhì)含量均顯著低于對(duì)照組(P0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的肝糖原含量隨著水體Cd濃度升高而降低,250μg Cd/L和500μg Cd/L組均顯著低于對(duì)照組(P0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)魚體的肝臟葡萄糖含量隨著水體Cd濃度升高表現(xiàn)出升高的趨勢(shì),500μg Cd/L組均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.05)。12、實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的體重和特定體重生長(zhǎng)率(SGR)均隨著水體Cd的濃度的升高呈下降趨勢(shì),250μg Cd/L和500μg Cd/L組魚的體重和SGR均顯著低于對(duì)照組(P0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)魚體粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量和能量密度隨著水體Cd濃度升高而降低,當(dāng)水體Cd濃度大于等于250μg/L時(shí),魚體粗蛋白含量顯著低于對(duì)照組(P0.05),當(dāng)水體Cd濃度大于等于125μg/L時(shí),魚體粗脂肪含量和能量密度顯著低于對(duì)照組(P0.05)。13、實(shí)驗(yàn)魚攝入飼料總量、飼料效率、表觀消化率和蛋白質(zhì)表觀消化率均隨著水體Cd濃度的升高呈下降趨勢(shì),各Cd濃度暴露組實(shí)驗(yàn)魚攝入飼料總量和飼料效率均顯著低于對(duì)照組(P0.05);250μg Cd/L和500μg Cd/L暴露組實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的表觀消化率和蛋白質(zhì)表觀消化率均顯著低于對(duì)照組(P0.05)。14、實(shí)驗(yàn)魚生長(zhǎng)能隨著水體Cd暴露濃度升高而降低,各Cd暴露組實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的生長(zhǎng)能均顯著低于對(duì)照組(P0.05);各Cd暴露組實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代謝能均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.05);250和500μg Cd/L實(shí)驗(yàn)組實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的特殊動(dòng)力作用(SDA)均顯著低于對(duì)照組(P0.05);250和500μg Cd/L暴露組實(shí)驗(yàn)組實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的排糞能(F)均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.05);各Cd暴露組實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的排泄能均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.05)。通過討論本研究提出以下結(jié)論:1、三峽庫(kù)區(qū)萬(wàn)州江段、長(zhǎng)江干流朱楊江段、沱江富順江段和金沙江攀枝花江段魚類受到Pb、Cr、Cd、As和Hg不同程度的污染,其魚類體內(nèi)肌肉中Pb、Cr、Cd、As和Hg的含量低于中國(guó)食物安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和歐盟食品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。2、重金屬在魚體的積累存在顯著的組織間差異,Pb累積的主要靶器官是骨骼和鱗,Cd累積的主要靶器官是腎臟和肝臟,Cr和As累積的主要靶器官是胃腸道。魚體肌肉金屬積累量低于其它組織,其重金屬含量不宜用來(lái)作為判定環(huán)境重金屬污染程度及其對(duì)魚體影響的種間差異的指標(biāo)。3、水體Cd暴露會(huì)導(dǎo)致魚體組織氧化損傷,干擾魚體抗氧化系統(tǒng)。鰓對(duì)水體Cd暴露氧化損傷最為敏感,其次是肝和腎,腸是最不敏感組織。魚體提高或維持機(jī)體的總抗氧化能力,并不能完全阻止Cd對(duì)魚體組織的氧化損傷。4、在一定Cd濃度脅迫條件下,南方鲇可以通過生理調(diào)節(jié),提高靜止代謝水平,動(dòng)用身體儲(chǔ)備的能量物質(zhì),以滿足機(jī)體應(yīng)對(duì)Cd脅迫的所需的額外能量需求。5、南方鲇經(jīng)水體Cd暴露后,降低蛋白質(zhì)消化率引起南方鲇SDA耗能和SDA耗能系數(shù)降低。6、水體Cd暴露后,南方鲇排泄能和排糞能的占比增加,導(dǎo)致吸收的同化能減少,而同化能中,用于代謝能量占比增加,而用于生長(zhǎng)的能量占比降低。
[Abstract]:In order to study the pollution of heavy metals in fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the ecotoxicological effects of heavy metal exposure on fish, field investigation (Experiment 1,2) and laboratory treatment (Experiment 3) were conducted in this study. In the 3-6 and 9-11 months of 2012-2014 years, 11 species of fish were collected in the Wanzhou river section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, respectively, south of the south of the Yangtze River. Silurus (Silurus meridionalis), Leptobotia elongata, catfish (Silurus asotus), high body near red (Ancherythroculter kurematsui), crucian carp (Carassius auratus auratus), carp (Cyprinus), vagri Pelteobagrus vagri, cochineal Culter oxycephaloides and Siniperca knerii, 4 species of fish samples collected in the Yangtze River main stream Zhu Yang River, including southern catfish, vagri Pelteobagrus, Coreius guichenoti and carp, and 5 species of fish samples collected in the Fushun river section of Tuojiang River, which are the big eye, Silurus, Hemibagrus macropterus, crucian carp and carp. 7 kinds of fish samples were collected from the Panzhihua river section of the Shajiang River, including Pelteobagrus nitidus, Silurus, carp, carp, and Rhinogobio cylindricus. The sample size of each fish was 3-23, which was 307. By microwave digestion and atomic absorption spectrometry, lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (CD) were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. Cd), the content of arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) and the content of Pb, Cr and Cd in the whole fish. Experimental 2: collected Southern Catfish (10 tails), vagri catfish (15 tail), round mouth copper fish (17 tail) and carp (23 tail) by microwave digestion and atomic absorption spectrometry to determine fish liver / liver and pancreas, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, gill, skeletal, muscle, skin or skin. The content of Pb, Cr, Cd, As and Hg in the scale. The experimental 3: at the temperature of 27.5 C and the water hardness of 25 mg Ca CO3/L (25 mg Ca CO3/L) was used as the research object (the fish in the field investigation found that there was a higher Cd content, and the aquatic ecosystem in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was at the top of the food chain), and the Cd Cl2 was used as the poison, and the concentration of the water body was 0. (control group), 62.5125250 and 500 g/L concentration groups, daily weight 2% diet feeding 8 weeks after feeding, the experimental fish growth, antioxidant, energy metabolism and Cd accumulation in the body were measured. The main results of this study are as follows: 1, the average Pb, Cr and Cd content of 11 fish in the Wanzhou river section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area are 46.32-220 Among the 11 fishes, the content of Pb, Cr and Cd is the highest among the 11 species of fish, such as Pb, Cr and Cd in the 11 species of fish. The 11 kinds of fish muscles Pb, Cr, Cd, etc. The highest content of Hg is.2, and the average Pb, Cr and Cd content of 4 species of fish in the Yangtze River main stream are 30.78-155.98 g/kg, 37.49-62.44 and 16.66-20.37 um g/kg. are the highest in the 4 species of fish, the highest in the whole fish of the southern catfish. These 4 kinds of fish muscles The amount of 14.76-52.69 mu g/kg, 35.77-47.92 mu g/kg, 1.01-2.48, g/kg and 23.53-33.61 mu g/kg. in these 4 species of fish, the content of Pb, Cr and As in the muscle of carp is the highest, and the 4 fish muscles are lower than the detection limit, and the average of 5 species of fish in the Tuojiang River section of the Fushun river is 54.41. Among the 5 species of fish, the content of Pb is the highest in the 5 species of fish, and the content of Cr and Cd is the highest in the whole fish of the Carassius auratus. The 5 kinds of fish muscles are Pb, Cr, Cd, and the crucian carp muscles are the 5 species of fish, crucian carp muscle. The content of Pb, Cd and As in meat is the highest, and the highest Cr and Hg.4 in the muscle of the large fins. The average Pb, Cr and Cd contents of 7 species of fish in the Panzhihua river section of the Jinsha River are 61.47-378.91 u g/kg. The contents of 4 kinds of fish were the highest in 4 kinds of fish in the Zhu Yang river section, and the highest content in the bones and scales of the fish body, and the lowest content in the muscles of 4 in the Zhu Yang river section. The content of different tissues of the seed fish is 27.03-248.20 mu g/kg, except for the round mouth copper fish, the content of Cr in the fish body is the lowest, the highest Cr content in the gastrointestinal tract is.Cd, the content of the 4 kinds of fish in the Zhu Yang River is 1.01-502.02 g/kg, the content of Cd in the fish kidney is the highest, the Cd content in the muscle is the lowest in the Zhu Yang section, and the content of the 4 kinds of fish in the Zhu Yang section is 19.77-84.42 g/. Kg, the content of As in the gastrointestinal tract of fish is the highest. The Hg content of all 4 kinds of fish tissues and organs is lower than the detection limit of.6. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the experimental fish gills, liver, kidney and intestinal tissue increases with the increase of Cd exposure concentration. The experimental fish gills, the total antioxidant capacity of liver and kidney tissues (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (superoxide dismutase) (SOD) SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content decreased with the increase of the concentration of Cd exposure in the water body. The T-AOC, CAT and GSH in the intestinal tissue did not change significantly with the increase of Cd exposure concentration in the water body. The resting metabolic rate of the experimental fish increased first and then decreased with the increase of Cd concentration in the water body. The resting metabolic rate of the 62.5125 and 250 micron g Cd/L exposed groups were both significant. Compared with the control group (P0.05), the static rate of the experimental fish in the 500 g Cd/L exposure group was not significantly different from the control group (P0.05).8. With the increase of the concentration of Cd in the water body, the energy consumption and SDA coefficient of the special dynamic action (SDA) of the experimental fish decreased. The SDA energy consumption and the SDA coefficient of the experimental fish in the 250 and 500 micron Cd/L experimental groups were significantly lower than those of the control group. The 3 respiration rate of the liver mitochondria 3 of the fish was decreased with the increase of the concentration of Cd exposure in the water body. When the concentration of Cd in the water body was greater than the 125 g Cd/L group, the mitochondrial state of the experimental fish was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05).10. The activity of the muscle glutamic alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the transaminase (AST) of the experimental fish body was concentrated with the concentration of Cd in the water body. The activity of muscle ALT in 125 mu g Cd/L, 250 mu g Cd/L and 500 mu g Cd/L exposed group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05). The activity of the muscle activity of the 125 micron Cd/L and 250 micron g Cd/L exposure group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The trend of higher after reduction was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05).11 only in the 250 g Cd/L exposure group. The content of protein in the muscle and liver of the experimental fish decreased with the increase of the concentration of Cd in the water body. The content of fish muscle protein in each Cd concentration exposed group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05), the 250 mu g Cd/L and the 500 mu g Cd/L group were in the fish liver. The content of protein was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05). The liver glycogen content of experimental fish decreased with the increase of water Cd concentration. The 250 u g Cd/L and 500 g Cd/L groups were significantly lower than the control group (P0.05). The liver glucose content of the experimental fish showed a rising trend with the increase of the concentration of Cd in the water body, and the 500 mu g Cd/L group was significantly higher than the control group (P0.). 05).12, the body weight and the specific weight growth rate (SGR) of the experimental fish decreased with the increase of the concentration of Cd in the water body. The weight and SGR of the 250 g Cd/L and 500 mu g Cd/L groups were significantly lower than those of the control group (P0.05). At 250 g/L, the crude protein content of fish was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05). When the concentration of Cd in the water body was greater than 125 g/L, the crude fat content and energy density of the fish body were significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05).13. The total amount of feed intake, the feed efficiency, the apparent digestibility and the apparent digestibility of protein decreased with the increase of the concentration of Cd in the water body. The total intake and feed efficiency of the experimental fish in the Cd concentration exposure group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05). The apparent digestibility and apparent digestibility of the experimental fish in 250 mu g Cd/L and 500 mu g Cd/L exposed groups were significantly lower than those of the control group (P0.05).14, and the experimental fish growth could decrease with the increase of Cd exposure concentration in the water body, and each Cd exposure group was exposed. The growth energy of the experimental fish was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05), and the standard metabolic energy of the experimental fish in the Cd exposure group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05), and the special dynamic action (SDA) of the experimental fish in the 250 and 500 G Cd/L experimental groups was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05), and the fecal ability (F) of the experimental fish in the 250 and 500 micron Cd/L exposure group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Group (P0.05); the excretory ability of experimental fish in the Cd exposure group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05). Through the discussion, the following conclusions were put forward: 1, the Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges reservoir, the Zhu Yang river section of the Yangtze River, the Fushun section of the Tuojiang River and the Panzhihua section of the Jinsha River are polluted by Pb, Cr, Cd, As and Hg in different degrees, and Pb, Cr, Cd, A in the muscles of the fish. The content of S and Hg is lower than the Chinese food safety standard and the EU food safety standard.2. There are significant differences in the accumulation of heavy metals in the fish body. The main target organs for the accumulation of Pb are bone and scale. The main target organ of Cd is the kidney and liver, and the main target organ of Cr and As is the gastrointestinal tract. The accumulation of metal metal is lower than that of the fish body. The heavy metal content of other tissues should not be used as an indicator of the difference between the pollution degree of heavy metals in the environment and the difference between species on the fish body. The exposure of water body Cd will lead to oxidative damage of the body tissue of the fish and interfere with the antioxidant system of the fish body. The gill is the most sensitive to the oxidative damage of Cd exposure in the water body, followed by the liver and kidney, and the most insensitive tissue in the intestine. The increase or maintenance of the total antioxidant capacity of the body does not completely prevent the oxidative damage of Cd to the body tissue of the body.4. Under certain Cd stress conditions, southern catfish can improve the level of static metabolism by physiological regulation and use the energy material stored in the body to meet the additional energy demand required by the body to cope with Cd stress,.5, Southern Catfish After exposure to Cd, the reduction of protein digestibility caused the energy dissipation and SDA energy dissipation coefficient of southern catfish to decrease.6. After Cd exposure, the ratio of excretory energy and excretion energy in southern catfish increased, resulting in reduced assimilation energy, while assimilation energy was used for the increase of metabolic energy ratio, while the energy ratio used in growth was reduced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X171.5;X52;S917.4
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本文編號(hào)：2073674