本文選題：地下水年齡 + 包氣帶��； 參考：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：呼和浩特盆地作為一個(gè)以開(kāi)采地下水為主要水源的地區(qū),在經(jīng)歷了近30年的高強(qiáng)度開(kāi)采后,地下水環(huán)境受到極大的破壞,諸如地下水降落漏斗的形成,承壓水自流區(qū)范圍的縮小以及地下水污染等,地下水資源的可持續(xù)利用面臨著嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。而地下水補(bǔ)給與流動(dòng)規(guī)律的研究作為識(shí)別地下水循環(huán)過(guò)程和分析地下水形成分布規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ),對(duì)保障一個(gè)區(qū)域地下水資源的可持續(xù)利用具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本研究分別從包氣帶和含水層入手,提取其中所包含的水化學(xué)和同位素信息,在綜合利用多種測(cè)年方法對(duì)比構(gòu)建地下水年齡結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合不同水體中的氫氧穩(wěn)定同位素及水化學(xué)特征追蹤地下水的補(bǔ)給來(lái)源,分析地下水的補(bǔ)給規(guī)律,刻畫(huà)地下水的流動(dòng)模式,并結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)的水文地質(zhì)學(xué)方法對(duì)含水層之間的水力聯(lián)系及可更新性等進(jìn)行評(píng)估。研究主要側(cè)重在三個(gè)方面:(1)地下水年齡結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)建;(2)地下水補(bǔ)給流動(dòng)模式的刻畫(huà);(3)含水層之間的水力聯(lián)系的識(shí)別。通過(guò)研究取得的進(jìn)展主要有:(1)估算了盆地地下水的年齡。在年輕地下水測(cè)年方面,引入年輕地下水85Kr測(cè)年方法,并與3H-3He法、CFCs方法、3H方法得出的年齡結(jié)果對(duì)比分析,篩選出合理的潛水年齡的結(jié)果,改變了以往僅根據(jù)水文地質(zhì)條件消除年齡多解性的問(wèn)題,并對(duì)不同方法造成年齡結(jié)果差異存在的原因給出了解釋,減少了單一方法存在的誤差;在年老地下水測(cè)年方面,聯(lián)合使用傳統(tǒng)化學(xué)校正方法和netpath方法對(duì)承壓水的14C的年齡進(jìn)行校正,對(duì)各種方法得出了結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析,獲得了更為合理的承壓水14C年齡,提升了校正的精度,在此基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建了地下水的年齡結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)識(shí)別了盆地地下水的補(bǔ)給來(lái)源及補(bǔ)給機(jī)制,主要通過(guò)氫氧穩(wěn)定同位素和地下水年齡的分布特征獲得。分析的結(jié)果顯示該區(qū)地下水的補(bǔ)給來(lái)源主要有山區(qū)降水、當(dāng)?shù)亟邓�、地表水、灌溉回歸水及部分黃河水等,并且在不同的地區(qū)略有差異。在東部地區(qū)主要是當(dāng)?shù)亟邓�、地表水和灌溉回歸,在北部地區(qū)主要是山區(qū)降水和地表水,在中部地區(qū)主要是降水和灌溉回歸。補(bǔ)給機(jī)制主要以側(cè)向徑流為主,局部地區(qū)存在垂向補(bǔ)給和黃河水補(bǔ)給。(3)估算了地下水的天然補(bǔ)給速率和綜合補(bǔ)給速率。地下水的天然補(bǔ)給速率主要通過(guò)包氣帶人工氚示蹤方法和氯質(zhì)量平衡方法對(duì)比分析獲得,地下水的綜合補(bǔ)給速率主要通過(guò)地下水的年齡隨流動(dòng)路徑的變化而獲得。在綜合分析地下水的天然補(bǔ)給速率和綜合補(bǔ)給速率的基礎(chǔ)上,區(qū)分出不同補(bǔ)給方式及所占的貢獻(xiàn)份額,為地下水的合理開(kāi)采提供了依據(jù)。(4)證實(shí)了在盆地局部地區(qū)地下水降落漏斗附近及淤泥層邊界附近存在潛水越流補(bǔ)給承壓水的現(xiàn)象,同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)盆地地下水流系統(tǒng)中同時(shí)存在區(qū)域地下水流系統(tǒng)和局部地下水流系統(tǒng)。區(qū)域地下水流系統(tǒng)大致以湖相沉積為主的沖湖積平原的邊界為界,分為東部以河流相沉積為主的沖洪積、沖湖積平原區(qū)域地下水流系統(tǒng)和西部以湖相沉積為主的沖湖積平原兩個(gè)區(qū)域地下水流動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。局部水流系統(tǒng)主要出現(xiàn)在地下水開(kāi)采漏斗區(qū)和越流發(fā)生區(qū)。(5)評(píng)價(jià)了呼和浩特盆地地下水系統(tǒng)的可更新性和防污性,為地下水的合理開(kāi)采提供了理論依據(jù)。結(jié)果顯示在呼和浩特盆地沖洪積平原和沖湖積平原的大部分區(qū)域含水層的防污性中等。大青山和蠻漢山前的大部分區(qū)域(呼和浩特北部毫沁營(yíng)鎮(zhèn)——巴彥鎮(zhèn)一帶區(qū)域除外)和黑城鄉(xiāng)附近的區(qū)域含水層的防污性低。
[Abstract]:The Hohhot basin, as a region with the exploitation of groundwater as the main source of water, has been greatly destroyed after nearly 30 years of high intensity mining, such as the formation of the ground water funnel, the narrowing of the scope of the self flow area of the confined water and the pollution of the groundwater, and the sustainable utilization of groundwater resources is facing severe problems. The study of groundwater recharge and flow law is the basis for identifying the process of groundwater circulation and analyzing the distribution law of groundwater. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to ensure the sustainable utilization of groundwater resources in a region. This study extracts hydrochemistry from the air and aquifers respectively. And isotopic information, on the basis of using a variety of dating methods to compare the construction of groundwater age structure, combined with the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes and hydrochemical characteristics in different water bodies to trace the source of groundwater recharge, analyze the regularities of groundwater recharge, depict the flow pattern of groundwater, and combine the traditional hydrogeological method to contain the groundwater. The hydraulic connections and renewability between water layers are evaluated. The study mainly focuses on three aspects: (1) construction of groundwater age structure; (2) characterization of groundwater recharge flow patterns; (3) identification of hydraulic connections between aquifers. The progress achieved through research is mainly: (1) estimating the age of groundwater in the basin. In the year of water survey, the young groundwater 85Kr dating method was introduced, and the age results obtained by 3H-3He, CFCs and 3H methods were compared and analyzed. The results of reasonable diving age were screened out, which changed the problem of eliminating age solution by only hydrogeological conditions, and gave the reasons for the difference of the age results of different methods. The error of the single method is reduced. In the year of the old groundwater survey, the traditional chemical correction method and the netpath method are used to correct the age of the 14C in the confined water, and the results are compared and analyzed. The more reasonable 14C age of the pressure water is obtained, and the accuracy of the correction is improved. On the basis of this, the age structure of groundwater is constructed. (2) the source and recharge mechanism of groundwater in the basin is identified, mainly through the distribution characteristics of the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes and the distribution of groundwater age. The results show that the source of groundwater recharge mainly includes mountain precipitation, local precipitation, surface water, irrigation and regression water and some the Yellow River. Water and other areas are slightly different in different regions. In the eastern region, mainly local precipitation, surface water and irrigation regression, mainly in the northern region of mountain rainfall and surface water, in the central region mainly precipitation and irrigation regression. The main supply mechanism is mainly lateral runoff, the local area has vertical recharge and the Yellow River water supply. (3) estimated (3) The natural recharge rate and the comprehensive recharge rate of groundwater are obtained. The natural recharge rate of groundwater is obtained by the comparison and analysis of the artificial tritium tracer method and the chlorine mass balance method. The groundwater recharge rate is mainly obtained by the age of groundwater with the change of the flow path. On the basis of the recharge rate and the comprehensive recharge rate, different supply modes and contribution share are distinguished, which provide the basis for rational exploitation of groundwater. (4) it is proved that there is a phenomenon of submersible overflow of water in the vicinity of the groundwater descending funnel and the boundary of the silt layer in the part of the basin, and the groundwater flow in the basin is found at the same time. The regional groundwater flow system and the local groundwater system exist at the same time. The regional groundwater flow system is roughly bounded by the lacustrine sedimentary plain of the lake deposit, which is divided into the flood alluvium mainly in the eastern part of the river facies, the groundwater flow system in the lacustrine plain area and the lacustrine sedimentary plain in the western region, mainly by the lake facies. Two A regional groundwater flow system. The local flow system mainly occurs in the funnel area and the overflowing area of the groundwater. (5) the groundwater system in Hohhot basin is evaluated for its renewability and antifouling, which provides a theoretical basis for the rational exploitation of groundwater. Medium most of the regional aquifer vulnerability. Most areas of Mount Daqing and piedmont man Han (except northern Hohhot haoqinying town - the town of Bayan area) and the pollution of black urban and rural areas near the regional aquifer is low.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P641.6

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