本文選題：弱膠結砂巖 + 類相變臨界狀態(tài)��； 參考：《北京科技大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：弱膠結地層是廣泛分布在我國西部礦區(qū)侏羅系、白堊系地層中的一類特殊沉積砂巖地層。該地層主要為成分成熟度及結構成熟度較低的弱膠結砂巖,富含剛性顆粒,具有弱膠結、低強度、遇水后泥化崩解、擾動敏感等特性,對許多深部地下工程支護方式及圍巖穩(wěn)定性控制產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。本文以弱膠結砂巖為研究對象,采用膠結砂巖細觀結構試驗、宏觀巖石力學實驗、理論分析和數(shù)值模擬等技術手段,研究了弱膠結砂巖的礦物成分和細觀結構特征及其對靜力學和動力學性能的影響;揭示了弱膠結砂巖水巖相互作用機理及對滲透特性的影響;建立了弱膠結砂巖重整化模型,證明了弱膠結砂巖受力變形破壞過程中類相變臨界狀態(tài)的存在并建立了相應判別條件,對弱膠結砂巖的類相變臨界狀態(tài)及判別特征進性了充分闡述;基于弱膠結砂巖受力加載變形破壞過程的類相變臨界現(xiàn)象及其物理意義,分析了弱膠結地層中巷道開挖互相擾動特性,并對弱膠結圍巖支護提出了有效的主動支護對策。本課題主要取得以下研究成果與進展:(1)采用QEMSCAN電鏡、SEM掃描電鏡、體式顯微鏡等手段對弱膠結砂巖的礦物組成、化學成分、晶體結構、微結構特征等進行了定量和定性研究。研究表明,弱膠結砂巖從細觀結構分析主要以顆粒物質(zhì)和膠結物質(zhì)在壓實和膠結作用下形成的膠結結構;弱膠結砂巖的礦物組成成分的差異性和顆粒之間的接觸狀態(tài)對其力學性質(zhì)有重要的影響;通過對比分析發(fā)現(xiàn)其成熟度遠低于我國中東部地區(qū)砂巖。(2)通過巖石力學靜力學加載試驗、動力學沖擊實驗和離散元數(shù)值分析的方法,對其受力變形破壞特征進行研究。研究表明,弱膠結砂巖的宏觀力學行為主要由粒間接觸決定,當邊界荷載發(fā)生變化時,弱膠結砂巖顆粒間作用力隨之發(fā)生變化,造成膠結砂巖顆粒體系細觀結構的變化;弱膠結膠結砂巖細觀顆粒接觸參數(shù)對膠結砂巖的力學特性和變形破壞特征有重要影響。由于細觀結構的膠結物質(zhì)的強度較低,弱膠結砂巖在沖擊破壞時能量消耗的較少,即在較低的沖擊能量下破壞程度較高。(3)通過對弱膠結砂巖進行浸泡飽水實驗、細觀結構分析試驗、飽水變角剪切試驗、干濕循環(huán)條件下的聲發(fā)射試驗和滲透試驗等力學實驗方法研究了水巖相互作用機理及其對弱膠結砂巖力學性質(zhì)的影響。研究表明:弱膠結砂巖顆粒間粘土膠結物質(zhì)遇水泥化、膨脹以及弱膠結砂巖的高孔隙率致使水更容易進入巖石內(nèi)部結構,礦物顆粒溶蝕破壞礦物集合體的結構,進而導致弱膠結砂巖內(nèi)部細觀結構發(fā)生變化,最終導致了弱膠結砂巖強度降低;水巖相互作用對剪切破壞形貌特征、聲發(fā)射特性及滲透特性有重要影響。(4)通過對弱膠結砂巖礦物成分和細觀結構的分析、力學實驗、弱膠結砂巖細觀結構受力理論分析,建立弱膠結砂巖的重整化群模型并結合弱膠結砂巖加載過程中的聲發(fā)射特性,證明了弱膠結砂巖在受力加載變形破壞過程中存在一個類相變臨界狀態(tài),即膠結顆粒發(fā)生由連續(xù)狀態(tài)到離散狀態(tài)的轉化過程;弱膠結砂巖膠結度的差異,導致了達到類相變臨界狀態(tài)時對應的臨界應力和臨界應變也不相同,破壞狀態(tài)也不相同;弱膠結砂巖在受力加載過程中接近類相變臨界狀態(tài)時,試件對振動或者擾動異常敏感,微小的應變△ε極易導致弱膠結弱膠結砂巖達到類相變臨界狀態(tài),即弱膠結砂巖內(nèi)部膠結顆粒發(fā)生連續(xù)到離散類相變轉化過程。而△ε取決于顆粒礦物成分、弱膠結砂巖成巖過程中的顆粒壓實特性及膠結物質(zhì)膠結特性、膠結物質(zhì)含量等細觀結構因素,即取決于弱膠結砂巖的膠結度。弱膠結砂巖的膠結程度越差,類相變臨界狀態(tài)比硬巖達到屈服應力值的點相對要提前越多。(5)通過區(qū)域地應力特性分析,現(xiàn)場松動圈的測試以及數(shù)值模擬的方法,研究了弱膠結地層鄰近巷道掘進的相互擾動因素;并基于弱膠結砂巖在受力加載過程中存在臨界類相變點這一特性,分析得到,在弱膠結地層中進行工程挖時,由于擾動敏感的特性,應積極采取主動支護的方式,支護強度保證圍巖受力狀態(tài)維持在類相變臨界狀態(tài)以前是弱膠結砂巖支護對策的核心思想,并提出了合理的主動支護措施。
[Abstract]:Weak cemented strata are a kind of special sedimentary sandstone stratum, which are widely distributed in the Jurassic and Cretaceous strata of Western China. The formation is mainly composed of weak Cemented Sandstone with low composition maturity and low structural maturity. It is rich in rigid particles and has weak cementation, low strength, muddy disintegration after water and disturbance sensitivity and so on. The method of engineering support and the stability control of surrounding rock have great influence. This paper takes the weak Cemented Sandstone as the research object. Using the Cemented Sandstone microstructure test, the macroscopic rock mechanics experiment, the theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation, the mineral composition and the meso structure characteristics of the weak Cemented Sandstone and its statics and dynamics are studied. The interaction mechanism of the weak Cemented Sandstone water rock interaction and its influence on the permeability are revealed, and a weakly cemented sandstone renormalization model is established, which proves the existence of the critical state of the phase change of the weakly cemented Sandstone during the stress deformation and failure process and establishes the corresponding discriminant conditions for the critical state of the phase transition of the weakly cemented sandstone and the discrimination of the phase transition of the weakly cemented sandstone. The characteristics are fully expounded. Based on the critical phenomenon of phase change and its physical significance in the process of deformation and failure of the weak Cemented Sandstone, the interaction characteristics of tunnel excavation in the weak cemented strata are analyzed, and the effective active supporting measures are put forward for the weak cemented rock support. The main achievements and progress in this study are as follows: (1) mining The mineral composition, chemical composition, crystal structure and microstructural characteristics of weakly cemented sandstone are quantitatively and qualitatively studied by means of QEMSCAN electron microscope, SEM scanning electron microscope and body microscope. The study shows that the microstructure analysis of the weakly cemented sandstone is mainly composed of the cemented structure formed by the compaction and cementation of the granular material and the cemented substance. The difference in the mineral composition and the contact state between the weakly cemented sandstone and the contact state of the particles have an important influence on their mechanical properties. Through comparison and analysis, it is found that the maturity is far lower than the sandstone in the eastern part of China. (2) the mechanical static loading test, the dynamic punching experiment and the discrete element numerical analysis are applied to the force of the sandstone. The study shows that the macroscopic mechanical behavior of the weakly cemented sandstone is mainly determined by intergranular contact. When the boundary load changes, the intergranular interaction between the weakly cemented sandstone is changed, and the microstructure of the Cemented Sandstone particle system is changed, and the fine particle contact parameters of the weak Cemented Sandstone are cemented to the Cemented Sandstone. The mechanical properties and deformation and failure characteristics of sandstone have an important influence. Because the strength of the cemented material of the meso structure is low, the weakly cemented sandstone has less energy consumption during the impact damage, that is, it has a high degree of destruction under the lower impact energy. (3) through the experiment of soaking and filling the weak Cemented Sandstone, the microstructural analysis test, the satiety change. The mechanism of water rock interaction and its influence on the mechanical properties of weak Cemented Sandstone are studied by angular shear test, acoustic emission test and permeability test under dry and wet cycle. The study shows that the clay cementation material between weakly cemented sandstone particles is cemented, and the high porosity of the weak Cemented Sandstone makes water easier. In the inner structure of the rock, the dissolution of mineral particles destroys the structure of the mineral aggregate, which leads to the change in the inner microstructure of the weak Cemented Sandstone, and eventually leads to the decrease of the strength of the weak Cemented Sandstone. The interaction of water and rock has an important influence on the characteristics of the shear failure morphology, acoustic emission and permeability. (4) through the weak Cemented Sandstone ore It is proved that there is a critical state of the phase transition in the weak Cemented Sandstone during the loading and failure process of the weak Cemented Sandstone, that is, the cemented grain, which is proved by the analysis of the mechanics experiment and the weak Cemented Sandstone meso structure stress theory, the establishment of the renormalization group model of the weakly cemented sandstone and the acoustic emission characteristics during the loading process of the weak Cemented Sandstone. The difference in the cementation of the weakly cemented sandstone results in the difference between the critical stress and critical strain when the critical state of the phase transition is reached, and the failure state is different. When the weak Cemented Sandstone is near the critical state of the phase transition in the loading process, the specimen is vibrated or disturbed. Very sensitive, small strain delta epsilon easily leads to the weak cementation and weak Cemented Sandstone to reach the critical state of the phase like phase, that is, the continuous to the discrete phase transformation process in the weak Cemented Sandstone internal cementation particles, and the delta e depends on the particle mineral composition, the compaction property of the grains and cementation properties of the cemented material in the weak Cemented Sandstone diagenesis. The microstructural factors, such as material content, depend on the cementation degree of the weakly cemented sandstone. The worse the cementation of the weakly cemented sandstone, the more the critical state of the phase transition is higher than that of the hard rock. (5) the weak cementation is studied through the analysis of the regional stress characteristics, the test of the field loosening ring and the method of numerical simulation. On the basis of the characteristics of the critical phase transition point of the weak Cemented Sandstone during the loading process of the weak Cemented Sandstone, the characteristics of the critical phase transition point in the loading process of the weak Cemented Sandstone are analyzed. In the process of engineering excavation in the weak cemented stratum, the active supporting formula should be taken actively because of the sensitive characteristics of the disturbance, and the support strength ensures that the stress state of the surrounding rock is maintained in the class. The critical state of transformation before is the core idea of weak Cemented Sandstone supporting measures, and reasonable active support measures are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：北京科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU45

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