本文選題：陸殼熔融 + 巖石流變�。� 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：地殼內(nèi)部過程的不可觀測性,是諸多重大地質(zhì)問題長期爭論的根本原因,陸殼熔融及其流變機(jī)制問題即為其中之一。數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)與超級(jí)計(jì)算技術(shù)的發(fā)展,為地殼內(nèi)部地質(zhì)過程,包括花崗巖形成過程的數(shù)字重建提供了可能性。由于花崗巖“深熔-侵入”模型的數(shù)值模擬,已進(jìn)行過大量研究,本論文擬在“深熔-對(duì)流”地質(zhì)模型的基礎(chǔ)上,借助大型模擬軟件Underworld和天河2號(hào)超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī),對(duì)花崗巖形成的熱動(dòng)力過程,以及這一過程引起的地殼變形效應(yīng),開展進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬研究。論文選題不但對(duì)于花崗巖形成過程的數(shù)字重建有重要意義,更是大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代的地質(zhì)學(xué)研究走向量化過程的重要一環(huán)。為了解部分熔融巖石的流變行為,作者在綜合分析各種巖石在部分熔融過程中的強(qiáng)度變化與熔體分?jǐn)?shù)關(guān)系的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出研究陸殼深熔作用應(yīng)使用巖石“綜合強(qiáng)度”的認(rèn)識(shí)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,重新厘定已知的“熔體連通轉(zhuǎn)換”(MCT)和“固-液轉(zhuǎn)換”(SLT)所對(duì)應(yīng)的熔體分?jǐn)?shù)(MF),同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)在MF=25%處,巖石綜合強(qiáng)度存在顯著突降,并將其命名為“框架熔融轉(zhuǎn)換”(FMT)。、通過對(duì)粵西福湖嶺混合巖-混合花崗巖剖面的實(shí)地測量和室內(nèi)計(jì)算處理,獲得了該剖面各種混合巖和混合花崗巖的淺色體比例。實(shí)驗(yàn)資料分析獲知的巖石流變行為,與福湖嶺剖面的地質(zhì)資料結(jié)合,實(shí)現(xiàn)了實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與地質(zhì)觀察之間的雙向約束。在此基礎(chǔ)上,建立了受流變轉(zhuǎn)換點(diǎn)SLT約束的巖石熔融過程的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá),并據(jù)此對(duì)“深熔-對(duì)流”地質(zhì)模型描述的殼內(nèi)熔融過程及其引起的效應(yīng)進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,以驗(yàn)證模型的可能性和普適性。本次研究獲得的主要結(jié)論如下:(1).巖石在熔融過程中,其綜合強(qiáng)度在固、液相線之間存在三個(gè)突降點(diǎn)或流變轉(zhuǎn)換點(diǎn),即MCT、FMT和SLT,三者對(duì)應(yīng)的熔體分?jǐn)?shù)百分比分別為8%,25%和40%;(2).通過實(shí)驗(yàn)流變轉(zhuǎn)換點(diǎn)與粵西福湖嶺混合巖-花崗巖野外剖面的對(duì)比研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在地殼熔融過程中,MCT是粒間熔體從巖石孔隙空間向面理(層理、片理等)空間轉(zhuǎn)移的標(biāo)志,它導(dǎo)致部分熔融巖石原巖結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷訝罨驐l帶狀結(jié)構(gòu);FMT標(biāo)志部分熔融巖石的固體框架從壓縮到熔融的轉(zhuǎn)換,化學(xué)上標(biāo)志巖石熔融從易熔組份到難熔組份的轉(zhuǎn)換;SLT是巖石固體框架解體,即巖石的整體狀態(tài)從固態(tài)到液態(tài)(巖漿)轉(zhuǎn)換的標(biāo)志。在地殼巖石部分熔融(深熔)過程中,SLT所處深度之下的硅鋁質(zhì)陸殼,應(yīng)該存在層狀花崗巖漿,而不是連續(xù)成層的硅鋁質(zhì)巖石;(3).上部陸殼熔融過程的數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果,揭示SLT之下巖漿對(duì)流作用的存在,且對(duì)流作用可導(dǎo)致陸殼熔融層不斷增厚;巖漿對(duì)流速度依賴于模型底部邊界溫度,底部邊界溫度739.6℃是巖漿對(duì)流作用發(fā)生的必要條件;線性底部邊界溫度,可導(dǎo)致巖漿對(duì)流作用從獨(dú)立渦流向整體環(huán)流發(fā)展;(4).巖漿流動(dòng)對(duì)蓋層巖石的拖曳作用,不但引起了陸殼熔融層頂部界面波動(dòng)起伏,而且導(dǎo)致了蓋層出現(xiàn)擠壓與拉張相間的水平應(yīng)力環(huán)境。前者反映蓋層變形對(duì)巖漿流動(dòng)的響應(yīng),后者說明固體蓋層水平應(yīng)力變化,可以是熔融層內(nèi)巖漿對(duì)流的結(jié)果而不一定是引起巖漿流動(dòng)的原因;模擬結(jié)果表明對(duì)流巖漿的側(cè)向流動(dòng)與蓋層之間的剪切作用,可引起熔融層之上部分熔融巖石的變形,揭示了部分熔融巖石的變形作用,可以單純起因于巖漿流動(dòng)而不一定需要區(qū)域構(gòu)造動(dòng)力;(5).對(duì)含熔融層的地殼擠壓過程的數(shù)值模擬,揭示巖漿流體在各方向上的速度差異可引起蓋層的不均勻變形,熔融層頂界面的起伏與地面起伏存在同向關(guān)系;揭示了“深熔-對(duì)流”地質(zhì)模型有關(guān)花崗巖和混合巖穹隆或背斜的形成機(jī)理;(6).數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果證實(shí)“深熔-對(duì)流”地質(zhì)模型符合物理學(xué)的基本規(guī)律,對(duì)于相關(guān)地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象的解釋具有普適性。
[Abstract]:The unobservability of the internal process in the crust is the fundamental reason for the long argument of many major geological problems. The problem of the continental crust melting and its rheological mechanism is one of them. The development of the numerical simulation technology and super computing technology provides the possibility for the digital reconstruction of the internal geological process of the crust, including the granitic formation process. The numerical simulation of the rock "deep penetration intrusion" model has been studied. On the basis of the "deep melting and convection" geological model, this paper is to carry out numerical simulation of the thermal dynamic process of granite formation and the crustal deformation effect caused by this process on the basis of the "deep melt convection" geological model, with the aid of large simulation software Underworld and Tianhe No. 2 supercomputer. Research is important not only for the digital reconstruction of granite formation, but also an important part of the quantitative process of geological research in the era of large data. In order to understand the rheological behavior of some molten rocks, the author analyzes the relationship between the intensity changes and the melt fraction of various rocks in the partial melting process. On the basis of the data, the understanding of the "comprehensive strength" of the rock should be used to study the "comprehensive strength" of the rock. On this basis, the known melt fraction (MF) corresponding to the known "MCT" and "solid liquid conversion" (SLT) is redefined. At the same time, it is found that at the MF=25%, the comprehensive strength of the rock has a significant drop, and it is named as the rock. "Frame melting conversion" (FMT). Through field measurement and indoor calculation of the Fuhu ridge mixed granite mixed granite section in western Guangdong Province, the proportion of different mixed rocks and mixed granites in this section is obtained. The rheological behavior of the rocks and the geological data of the Fuhu ridge section are combined with the experimental data to realize the experimental knot. On this basis, the mathematical expression of the process of rock melting under the constraints of the rheological transition point SLT is established, and a numerical simulation of the inner shell melting process and its effect on the "deep melt convection" geological model is carried out to verify the possibility and universality of the model. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) during the melting process of the rock, the comprehensive strength of the rock is solid, and there are three drop points or rheological transition points between the liquidus, that is, MCT, FMT and SLT, the percentage of the corresponding melt fraction of the three are 8%, 25% and 40%, respectively, (2). It is found that in the process of crustal melting, MCT is a symbol of the spatial transfer of intergranular melt from the pore space to the surface (bedding, cleavage, etc.), which leads to the transformation of the protolith structure of partially molten rock into layered or strip structure, and the solid frame of the part of the molten rock from FMT marks the transition from compression to melting, chemically marking the melting of rocks from the melt. The conversion of components to refractory components; SLT is a sign of rock solid framework disintegration, that is, the whole state of rock from solid to liquid (Yan Jiang) conversion. In the process of partial melting (deep melting) of the crustal rocks, the silicalite crust under the depth of SLT should exist in layered granite, rather than a continuous layer of aluminosilicate; (3) upper land. The numerical simulation of the process of shell melting reveals the existence of magma convection under SLT, and the convection can cause the thickening of the continental crust melting layer, and the convection velocity of the magma depends on the bottom boundary temperature of the model. The temperature of the bottom boundary is 739.6 C as a necessary condition for the convection of the magma, and the linear bottom boundary temperature can lead to the convection of the magma. The action of the action from the independent vortex flow to the overall circulation; (4) the drag of the magma flow to the caprock rocks not only causes the fluctuation of the interface fluctuation at the top of the crust melting layer, but also leads to the horizontal stress environment of the cover layer between the extruding and stretching phases. The former reflects the response of the cover deformation to the flow of the rock slurry, and the latter indicates that the level of the solid cover should be horizontal. The change of force can be the result of magmatic convection in the molten layer and not necessarily the cause of the flow of magma. The simulation results show that the shear action between the lateral flow of the convective magma and the cover can cause the deformation of the partially molten rock above the molten layer, revealing the deformation of the partially molten rock, and can be simply caused by the flow of magma. It does not necessarily need regional tectonic dynamics; (5) the numerical simulation of the crustal extrusion process containing the molten layer reveals that the difference in the velocity of the magmatic fluid in all directions can cause the uneven deformation of the cover layer, the undulation of the top interface of the melting layer and the ground fluctuation, and reveals that the "deep melting convection" geological model is related to the granite and mixing. The formation mechanism of the rock dome or anticline; (6) the results of numerical simulation confirm that the "deep melting convection" geological model accords with the basic laws of physics, and it is universally suitable for the interpretation of related geological phenomena.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P542

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