本文選題：三峽水庫 + 長江上游梯級(jí)水庫�。� 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：泥沙淤積問題是影響長江上游大型梯級(jí)水庫長期運(yùn)用與效益發(fā)揮的關(guān)鍵因素之一,開展梯級(jí)水庫聯(lián)合運(yùn)用條件下水庫泥沙輸移、庫區(qū)淤積及泥沙調(diào)度等問題研究,可為梯級(jí)水庫聯(lián)合優(yōu)化調(diào)度提供技術(shù)支撐,具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文以長江上游梯級(jí)水庫泥沙問題為研究對(duì)象,采用實(shí)測(cè)資料分析、理論分析、數(shù)學(xué)模型計(jì)算等多種手段相結(jié)合的研究方法,開展了以下幾個(gè)方面的研究：(1)采用理論分析和實(shí)測(cè)資料分析的方法開展了三峽水庫泥沙輸移特性研究。沙峰輸移特性研究結(jié)果表明,三峽水庫沙峰傳播時(shí)間的主要影響因子是入庫沙峰含沙量和洪水滯留系數(shù),沙峰傳播時(shí)間可近似采用以入庫沙峰含沙量和洪水滯留系數(shù)為自變量的公式來表達(dá)；三峽水庫沙峰出庫率的主要影響因子是洪水滯留系數(shù),沙峰輸沙率可近似采用以洪水滯留系數(shù)為單一自變量的公式來表達(dá)。研究構(gòu)建了可用于指導(dǎo)實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)度的三峽水庫沙峰傳播時(shí)間公式和沙峰出庫率公式。以三峽水庫蓄水運(yùn)用以來場(chǎng)次洪水排沙比資料為基礎(chǔ),通過統(tǒng)計(jì)回歸建立了三峽水庫汛期場(chǎng)次洪水排沙比公式,并開展了三峽水庫蓄水期及消落期排沙比變化規(guī)律研究。(2)考慮水沙輸移過程中的非恒定性及庫區(qū)更多支流庫容的影響,基于三級(jí)解法的基本思想,建立了三峽水庫干支流河道一維非恒定流水沙數(shù)學(xué)模型,并在恢復(fù)飽和系數(shù)、區(qū)間流量、庫容閉合等方面對(duì)模型進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)。采用三峽水庫蓄水運(yùn)用后2003～2013年實(shí)測(cè)資料對(duì)模型進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,驗(yàn)證計(jì)算的水位流量過程、輸沙量、淤積量及排沙比等與實(shí)測(cè)值符合較好,改進(jìn)后的模型可用于三峽水庫泥沙問題模擬研究。(3)以三峽水庫干支流河道一維非恒定流水沙數(shù)學(xué)模型為基礎(chǔ),研究建立了長江上游梯級(jí)水庫聯(lián)合調(diào)度泥沙數(shù)學(xué)模型,模型干流計(jì)算范圍從烏東德庫尾攀枝花至三峽壩址長約1800km,計(jì)算范圍內(nèi)包含了烏東德、白鶴灘、溪洛渡、向家壩、三峽5座大型水庫。采用平衡坡降法進(jìn)行了金沙江中游梯級(jí)、雅礱江梯級(jí)、岷江梯級(jí)、嘉陵江梯級(jí)、烏江梯級(jí)共27座水庫的攔沙計(jì)算,干支流梯級(jí)攔沙計(jì)算成果通過改變模型進(jìn)口水沙邊界的方式參與梯級(jí)水庫泥沙沖淤計(jì)算。(4)采用長江上游梯級(jí)水庫聯(lián)合調(diào)度泥沙數(shù)學(xué)模型開展了烏東德、白鶴灘、溪洛渡、向家壩、三峽梯級(jí)水庫泥沙沖淤500年長期預(yù)測(cè)計(jì)算�；�1991～2000年水沙系列的計(jì)算結(jié)果表明：不考慮龍盤梯級(jí)時(shí),烏東德、白鶴灘、溪洛渡、向家壩、三峽水庫的庫區(qū)淤積初步平衡時(shí)間分別約為140年、230年、260年、270年、340年；考慮龍盤梯級(jí)時(shí),烏東德、白鶴灘、溪洛渡、向家壩、三峽水庫的庫區(qū)淤積初步平衡時(shí)間分別約為180年、270年、290年、300年、370年。各水庫淤積平衡時(shí)間都遠(yuǎn)長于原設(shè)計(jì)預(yù)期,這為梯級(jí)水庫開展優(yōu)化調(diào)度提供了有利條件。(5)開展了三峽水庫入出庫水沙變化分析、長江上游實(shí)測(cè)水沙變化分析、三峽及長江上游梯級(jí)水庫優(yōu)化調(diào)度分析,從水沙條件變化和水庫優(yōu)化調(diào)度的角度,論證了長江上游梯級(jí)水庫開展汛期沙峰調(diào)度和汛期“蓄清排渾”動(dòng)態(tài)使用調(diào)度的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義及其可行性。(6)采用實(shí)測(cè)資料分析與數(shù)學(xué)模型計(jì)算相結(jié)合的研究方法,開展了長江上游大型梯級(jí)水庫汛期泥沙調(diào)度初步研究。在三峽水庫汛期泥沙調(diào)度方面,研究提出了兼顧排沙的三峽水庫沙峰調(diào)度方案和三峽水庫汛期“蓄清排渾”動(dòng)態(tài)使用的泥沙調(diào)度方案；在長江上游溪洛渡、向家壩、三峽梯級(jí)水庫汛期聯(lián)合排沙調(diào)度方面,研究提出了基于沙峰調(diào)度的梯級(jí)水庫聯(lián)合排沙調(diào)度方案和基于汛期“蓄清排渾”動(dòng)態(tài)使用的梯級(jí)水庫聯(lián)合排沙調(diào)度方案。
[Abstract]:Sediment deposition is one of the key factors affecting the long-term application and benefit of the large scale cascade reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. It is of great practical significance to study the sediment transport and sediment transport in the reservoir area under the combined application of the cascade reservoirs, and to provide technical support for the optimal operation of the cascade reservoirs. The sediment problem of the cascade reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is the research object. The following research methods are carried out by means of actual data analysis, theoretical analysis, mathematical model calculation and many other methods. (1) the sediment transport characteristics of the Three Gorges reservoir are studied by theoretical analysis and measured data analysis. The result of the study shows that the main influencing factors of the propagation time of the sand peak of the Three Gorges reservoir are the sediment concentration and the flood retention coefficient of the sediment peak. The propagation time of the sand peak can be expressed approximately by the formula of the variable of the sediment concentration and the flood detention coefficient of the reservoir, and the main influence factor of the sand peak discharge rate of the Three Gorges reservoir is the flood retention coefficient. The sediment transport rate of the sand peak can be expressed approximately by the formula of the single variable of the flood detention coefficient, which can be used to guide the real-time dispatching of the sand peak in the Three Gorges reservoir. The formula of displacement and sand ratio of field and secondary flood in reservoir flood season has been studied. (2) considering the influence of unsteady and more tributary reservoir capacity in the process of water and sediment transport, based on the basic idea of the three level solution, the mathematical model of one-dimensional unsteady flow sediment in the three Gorges Reservoir's Dry Branch River is established. The model has been improved in the aspects of recovery saturation coefficient, interval flow and storage capacity closure. The model is verified by 2003~2013 years' measured data of the Three Gorges Reservoir after storage and application. It is verified that the calculated water level and flow process, sediment volume, silt volume and sediment ratio are in good agreement with the measured values. The improved model can be used in the Three Gorges Project. 3. (3) based on the one-dimensional unsteady flow sediment model of the Three Gorges Reservoir's dry tributary channel, the sediment mathematical model of the cascade reservoir in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is established. The calculation range of the model trunk stream is about 1800km from UDD Ku tail to the dam site of the three Gorges dam. The balance slope method was used to carry out the calculation of the sediment intercept of the 5 reservoirs in the middle reaches of Jinsha River, the Yalong River cascade, the Minjiang River cascade, the Jialing River and the Wujiang cascade reservoirs, and the calculation results of the cascade sediment intercept of the dry tributaries were involved in the sediment scouring and silting meter of the cascade reservoirs by changing the boundary of the water and sand inlet of the model. (4) the long-term prediction of sediment erosion and siltation in uddd, Baihe beach, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba and TGP reservoir is carried out by using the mathematical model of the joint reservoir operation of cascade reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The results of the sediment scouring and silting of the Three Gorges cascade reservoirs are calculated by the 1991~2000 year water sediment series. The initial balance time of the reservoir area is about 140 years, 230 years, 260 years, 270 years and 340 years, while the initial balance time of the reservoir area in the reservoir area of udong De, Baihe beach, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba and TGP reservoir is about 180 years, 270 years, 290 years, 300 years and 370 years respectively. This provides favorable conditions for the optimal dispatching of cascade reservoirs. (5) the analysis of water and sediment changes in the reservoir of the Three Gorges reservoir, the analysis of measured water and sediment changes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and the optimal dispatching of cascade reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Three Gorges and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are analyzed. From the angle of the change of water and sediment and the optimal operation of the reservoir, the sand reservoir in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is demonstrated in the flood season. The practical significance and feasibility of the dynamic use of peak dispatching and "storing clearing and discharging muddy" in flood season. (6) a preliminary study on the sediment scheduling of large cascade reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is carried out by using the combined method of measured data analysis and mathematical model calculation, and the sediment scheduling is proposed in the flood season of the Three Gorges reservoir. The scheduling scheme for the sand peak of the Three Gorges Reservoir and the dynamic use of the sediment scheduling scheme for the Three Gorges Reservoir during the flood season are dynamically used. In the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, and the Three Gorges cascade reservoir in flood season, the joint scheduling scheme of the cascade reservoirs based on the sand peak dispatching and the movement of "storing clearing and discharging muddy" in flood season are proposed. A cascade reservoir scheduling scheme used by the cascade reservoirs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TV145
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本文編號(hào)：1979685