本文選題：郯廬斷裂 + 依蘭-伊通斷裂帶��； 參考：《中國地震局地質(zhì)研究所》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：依蘭-伊通斷裂帶是郯廬斷裂帶北段的重要組成部分,構(gòu)成了我國東北地區(qū)規(guī)模最大的發(fā)震構(gòu)造。不同于郯廬斷裂帶的濰坊-嘉山段和下遼河-萊州灣段,依蘭-伊通斷裂帶的地震事件記錄較少。自東三省有人類文字記載以來,該斷裂帶一直缺乏6級以上強(qiáng)震的歷史記錄。1973年有臺網(wǎng)記錄以來,該斷裂帶上迄今為止所記錄到的最大地震發(fā)生在黑龍江省蘿北縣,震級為Ms5.8級。因此,普遍認(rèn)為它是第四紀(jì)早期活動斷裂。最新研究結(jié)果表明,依蘭-伊通斷裂帶的舒蘭盆和方正盆地存在全新世地表破裂的古地震遺跡,發(fā)生過7.0級以上強(qiáng)震,并且上次大震活動的離逝時(shí)間不長。這一結(jié)果改變了傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)識,同時(shí)也產(chǎn)生了諸多新的科學(xué)問題:(1)除了舒蘭和通河2個(gè)全新世破裂段以外,是否存在其它的晚第四紀(jì)活動段?如果有,其晚第四紀(jì)以來的構(gòu)造變形特征如何?(2)該斷裂帶的活動習(xí)性如何?是否存在分段特征?(3)該斷裂帶及其鄰區(qū)的新構(gòu)造變形特征如何?對我國東部的現(xiàn)今構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場有何啟示?這些科學(xué)問題成為研究依蘭-伊通斷裂帶及東北地區(qū)新構(gòu)造與活動構(gòu)造的最基礎(chǔ)地球科學(xué)問題。因此,圍繞這些科學(xué)問題,論文選取依蘭-伊通斷裂帶作為研究對象,以活動斷裂的分段研究作為主線,借助于遙感解譯、野外調(diào)查、槽探與鉆探、地震勘探、地震學(xué)和構(gòu)造地貌等研究方法,從斷裂帶的不同段落在幾何結(jié)構(gòu)、構(gòu)造地貌、活動習(xí)性和深部地球物理場的差異性等多個(gè)方面入手,綜合、系統(tǒng)地研究依蘭-伊通斷裂帶的晚第四紀(jì)構(gòu)造變形和分段活動習(xí)性,力求科學(xué)地評價(jià)其未來強(qiáng)震危險(xiǎn)性,并從區(qū)域構(gòu)造角度探討其地球動力學(xué)作用。通過本論文的研究工作,取得了如下主要成果和進(jìn)展:(1)野外地質(zhì)調(diào)查結(jié)果表明,該斷裂晚第四紀(jì)以來活動強(qiáng)烈,具備強(qiáng)震的孕震能力和構(gòu)造背景。該斷裂至少發(fā)育舒蘭、通河、尚志和湯原4個(gè)全新世活動段,及蘿北、依蘭、延壽和五常4個(gè)晚更新世活動段。這一結(jié)果從根本上改變了我們對該斷裂“弱活動或不活動”的傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)識,對完善和補(bǔ)充東北地區(qū)的活動構(gòu)造圖像,及開展強(qiáng)震危險(xiǎn)性分析具有重要的參考價(jià)值和指導(dǎo)意義。(2)通過斷裂帶斷錯(cuò)地貌填圖和幾何結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)查認(rèn)為,斷裂帶幾何結(jié)構(gòu)分段特征明顯。不同段的幾何圖像和運(yùn)動性質(zhì)存在明顯差異,各段規(guī)模不等,多在平面上呈左階斜列展布,但斷裂的主體已不再沿襲原來的邊界斷裂活動,而是遷移到盆地內(nèi)部。這暗示著依蘭-伊通斷裂帶的現(xiàn)今活動具有新生性,處于新生階段的生長期或幼年期。斷裂帶在空間展布上具有不連續(xù)性,表現(xiàn)為較為明顯的分段特征。各段的走向、傾向、內(nèi)部及兩側(cè)地質(zhì)體巖性和沉積物厚度、斷裂帶組合形態(tài)、斷裂帶寬度和分支斷裂以及橫向構(gòu)造的發(fā)育等方面存在明顯差異。斷裂帶各個(gè)段落沉積物厚度方面的差異比較明顯,指示斷裂帶各段落運(yùn)動性質(zhì)和滑動速率方面所存在的差別;斷裂帶寬度的段落差異明顯,段落之間存在明顯的過渡區(qū),寬度發(fā)生陡變;同時(shí),研究發(fā)現(xiàn)斷裂帶的寬度與橫向斷裂的數(shù)量呈現(xiàn)出較為明顯的正相關(guān)關(guān)系,寬度大則橫向斷裂數(shù)量多,寬度越小則橫向斷裂數(shù)量少。斷裂帶數(shù)量的增加多發(fā)生于界限區(qū),對應(yīng)于斷裂帶寬度發(fā)生顯著變化的位置。綜合上述幾何結(jié)構(gòu)差異可將該斷裂分為6個(gè)主段,即沈陽-昌圖段、四平-吉林段、舒蘭-五常段、尚志-方正段、方正-湯原段和湯原-蘿北段,長度分別為120Km、148Km、140Km、90Km、120Km和129Km,相鄰主段落之間的界限區(qū)長度分別為55Km、23Km、20Km、14Km和16Km。(3)斷裂帶附近的地貌特征及河流水系形態(tài)分析結(jié)果表明,斷裂帶的構(gòu)造地貌特征呈現(xiàn)出明顯的分段特征。斷裂帶兩側(cè)的地形地貌起伏和斷裂的幾何展布存在一定的耦合關(guān)系。河谷坡降、河流彎曲度和縱剖面等地貌特征在不同段差異顯著,而小尺度微觀地貌的表現(xiàn)形式各不相同,規(guī)模不等,反映了斷裂不同段的活動性存在差異。根據(jù)斷裂帶內(nèi)部小尺度地貌的差別可將舒蘭-五常段、尚志-方正段、方正-湯原段和湯原-蘿北段這4個(gè)主段細(xì)分成8個(gè)亞段,即缸窯亞段、五常亞段、尚志亞段、延壽亞段、通河亞段、依蘭亞段、湯原亞段和蘿北亞段,長度分別為80Km、51Km、30Km、55Km、70Km、30Km、20Km和104Km。亞段界限區(qū)的長度分別為9Km、5Km、12Km和13Km,各亞段分段界限區(qū)對應(yīng)著地形的突變區(qū),和明顯的地形高差起伏差異。8個(gè)新活動段形成的微地貌表現(xiàn)形式各不相同,陡坎、線性槽谷、小水塘和小丘陵隆起等微地貌并存;地表破裂延伸長度不一,變化幅度介于1.5Km-70Km之間;陡坎微地貌高度不等,變化從1.0m至4.4m;這些微地貌所發(fā)育的位置均位于上述主段的劃分框架之內(nèi),沒有突破主段的分段界限區(qū),且較好的對應(yīng)了8個(gè)亞段的劃分結(jié)果。(4)通過典型點(diǎn)的地貌測量、年代樣品測定、古地震探槽的揭露和歷史地震考察,獲得了該斷裂晚更新世以來不同時(shí)間段的滑動速率,得到了斷裂晚第四紀(jì)以來8個(gè)段落存在強(qiáng)震活動的證據(jù)。各新活動段除了具有相對獨(dú)立的活動歷史外,在晚更新世晚期和全新世晚期表現(xiàn)出叢集活動的特征。(5)地球物理勘探和航磁重力異常等深部探測資料表明該斷裂的地表分段結(jié)果在深部有較好的對應(yīng)性。斷裂各段活動歷史不盡相同,控制的盆地形態(tài)差異顯著,斷裂不同段落的強(qiáng)震危險(xiǎn)性存在分段性和不均勻性�？鐢嗔褞У牡卣鸱瓷淦拭餮芯拷Y(jié)果表明,不同段落控制的沉積盆地具有顯著不同的沉積演化差異,尤其表現(xiàn)在控盆斷裂及其結(jié)構(gòu)特征等方面。斷裂帶的6個(gè)段落分別控制了6個(gè)盆地的結(jié)構(gòu)、沉積和演化過程,差異顯著。沿?cái)嗔褞ё呦虻牡卣鹫鹬锌臻g分布圖像、布格重力異常和航磁異常等地球物理場也存在對應(yīng)的分段差異。斷裂帶沿走向的地震震源深度分布結(jié)果反映了不同段落地殼結(jié)構(gòu)和斷裂切割地殼深度的差別。綜合來看,依蘭-伊通斷裂帶存在層次分段的特征,幾何結(jié)構(gòu)分段、構(gòu)造地貌分段、活動習(xí)性分段和深部結(jié)果具有較好的一致性,據(jù)此可將其分為6個(gè)主段和8個(gè)亞段兩個(gè)不同的段落層次。主段的分段依據(jù)主要是綜合分段結(jié)果,亞段的劃分主要是依據(jù)微地貌和古地震的差別。但無論是亞段的規(guī)模還是亞段界限區(qū)的規(guī)模,分別都小于主段的規(guī)模,和主段落分段界限區(qū)的規(guī)模。(6)斷裂帶的幾何結(jié)構(gòu)變異(寬度陡變,走向彎曲和階區(qū)的發(fā)育)和橫向構(gòu)造的發(fā)育構(gòu)成了斷裂帶分段界限區(qū)的最主要標(biāo)志。此外,斷裂帶寬度和斷層條數(shù)的變化、地貌的陡變等在分段界限區(qū)也較為常見。界限區(qū)的幾何結(jié)構(gòu)多比較復(fù)雜,而各段落的幾何結(jié)構(gòu)則相對比較簡單。絕大部分的界限區(qū)均發(fā)育有斷裂幾何結(jié)構(gòu)的變異和橫向構(gòu)造,構(gòu)成了分段的幾何障礙體。相對于主段而言,4個(gè)亞段界限區(qū)的標(biāo)志相對比較單一,主要為幾何變異和橫向構(gòu)造的發(fā)育,但其規(guī)模均小于主段界限區(qū)。(7)依蘭-伊通斷裂帶及其鄰區(qū)新生代期間廣泛發(fā)育擠壓變形構(gòu)造。中強(qiáng)地震震源機(jī)制解和野外地質(zhì)調(diào)查結(jié)果表明,以松遼盆地、依蘭-伊通斷裂帶和大安-德都斷裂帶為代表的東北盆地群和區(qū)域性NE向斷裂現(xiàn)今運(yùn)動性質(zhì)均表現(xiàn)出明顯的逆沖擠壓特征,表明東北地區(qū)處于近EW向主應(yīng)力與近SN向主張應(yīng)力的現(xiàn)代構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場環(huán)境。依蘭-伊通斷裂帶西部的松遼盆地內(nèi)部廣泛發(fā)育擠壓反轉(zhuǎn)構(gòu)造。盆地內(nèi)部的大安-德都斷裂帶平面上呈左階雁列展布的4段,剖面上表現(xiàn)為寬約20-30Km的斷褶變形帶;地震反射剖面的綜合解釋結(jié)果表明,大安-德都斷裂帶新生代以來的構(gòu)造變形表現(xiàn)為“斷裂相關(guān)褶皺”,最新活動時(shí)代為Q2早期。如果假定其反轉(zhuǎn)變形的時(shí)間為~65Ma,并假定縮短縮率固定不變,則大安-德都斷裂新生代以來的縮短量約2.26Km,縮短速率約0.03mm/a。未來短時(shí)間內(nèi)該斷裂難以積累大于Ms7.0級地震的能量。(8)新生代構(gòu)造擠壓變形在東北地區(qū)可能是多階段的過程。位于松遼盆地邊緣的依蘭-伊通斷裂帶,和盆地內(nèi)部的大安-德都斷裂帶在新生代期間均經(jīng)歷了該擠壓變形,形成了T02(~65Ma)、Td(~23Ma)、Ttk(~5.3Ma)和T01(~1.8Ma)4期明顯的區(qū)域角度不整合界面,代表著該地區(qū)經(jīng)歷了至少4次強(qiáng)烈的幕式擠壓變形。同時(shí),該構(gòu)造擠壓反轉(zhuǎn)可能是區(qū)域性的。三江、方正、湯原、伊通和渤海灣等東北地區(qū)一系列新生代盆地中均發(fā)生了同時(shí)期的擠壓構(gòu)造變形,并形成了相應(yīng)的區(qū)域角度不整合界面。這指示東北地區(qū)新生代期間的區(qū)域構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場發(fā)生了重大改變,同時(shí)期的擠壓縮短影響了整個(gè)東北地區(qū)的新構(gòu)造變形,其動力學(xué)來源可能綜合受控于西太平洋板塊斜向俯沖和印度板塊碰撞的遠(yuǎn)程效應(yīng)。(9)位于松遼盆地邊緣的依蘭-伊通斷裂帶具備強(qiáng)震的孕育和深部背景。相反,位于松遼盆地內(nèi)部的大安-德都斷裂帶,則只具備中強(qiáng)地震(M7.0)的構(gòu)造背景。這暗示著松遼盆地作為獨(dú)立的活動地塊,其內(nèi)部變形相對比較穩(wěn)定,主要的構(gòu)造變形和強(qiáng)震活動都發(fā)生在盆地的邊界斷裂帶上。論文的研究內(nèi)容和認(rèn)識在一定程度上深入了我們對依蘭-伊通斷裂及其鄰區(qū)的新構(gòu)造與活動構(gòu)造研究,有助于我們認(rèn)識該地區(qū)的地震活動背景,能為東北地區(qū)的防震減災(zāi)工作提供一點(diǎn)科學(xué)參考。
[Abstract]:The Yilan Yitong fault zone is an important part of the northern part of the Tanlu fault zone, which constitutes the largest seismogenic structure in the northeast of China. Different from the Weifang Jiashan and lower Liaohe Laizhou Bay section of the Tanlu fault zone, the seismic events of the Yilan Yitong fault zone are less recorded. Since the East three provinces have human written records, the fault zone is one of the faults. Since the historical record of strong earthquakes with a direct lack of magnitude 6 or more, the largest earthquake recorded so far in the fault zone has occurred in Luobei County, Heilongjiang Province, and the magnitude is Ms5.8. Therefore, it is generally considered to be an early Quaternary active fault. The latest research results show that the Shulan basin and Fang Zhengpen of the Yilan Yitong fault zone are the latest research results. The paleo seismic remnants of the ground surface rupture in the Holocene have occurred more than 7 magnitude earthquakes, and the time of the last great earthquake is not long. This result has changed the traditional knowledge and produced many new scientific problems: (1) in addition to the 2 Holocene ruptures in Shulan and Tonghe, there are other Late Quaternary activities, such as What are the characteristics of tectonic deformation since the late Quaternary? (2) how is the activity habit of the fault zone? Is there a piecewise feature? (3) what are the new tectonic deformation characteristics of the fault zone and its adjacent areas? What is the revelation to the present tectonic stress field in the eastern part of China? These scientific questions have become a new study of the Yilan Yitong fault zone and the northeast region. In this paper, the Yilan - Yitong fault zone is selected as the research object, and the research methods of remote sensing interpretation, field investigation, channel exploration and drilling, seismic exploration, seismology and tectonic geomorphology are used as the main line of research on these scientific problems. On the basis of the geometric structure, the tectonic geomorphology, the activity habit and the difference of the deep geophysical field, the different paragraphs systematically study the late Quaternary tectonic deformation and subsection activity habits of the Yilan Yitong fault zone, and try to evaluate the danger of the strong earthquakes in the future scientifically, and discuss the geodynamics from the regional tectonic perspective. Through the research work of this paper, the main achievements and progress are obtained as follows: (1) the field geological survey shows that the fault has strong earthquake activity since the late Quaternary period, and has strong earthquake ability and structural background. The fault at least developed the 4 Holocene activities of Shulan, Tonghe, Shangzhi and Tang yuan, and Luobei, Yilan, Yanshou and Wuchang 4. This result has fundamentally changed our traditional understanding of the "weak activity or inactivity" of the fault. It has important reference value and guiding significance to perfect and supplement the active tectonic images of the northeast region and to carry out the analysis of the danger of strong earthquakes. (2) through the fault zone fault landform mapping and the geometric structure adjustment. It is found that the geometric structure of the fault zone is distinctly segmented. There are obvious differences between the geometric images and the motion properties of the different segments. The sections of each segment are different in scale and are mostly in the left order slope on the plane, but the main body of the fracture no longer follows the original boundary fault activity, but migrates to the interior of the basin. This suggests the present life of the Yilan Yitong fault zone. There is a new stage of growth or infancy in the new stage. The fault zone has discontinuity on the spatial distribution, which is characterized by more obvious segmental features. The trend and tendency of each segment, the lithology and sediment thickness of the internal and bilateral geological bodies, the combination form of the fault zone, the width of the fracture zone and the branch fracture and the development of the lateral structure. There are obvious differences in the aspects of the thickness of each section of the fault zone, which indicates the difference in the motion property and the sliding rate of each section of the fault zone, and the difference in the width of the fault zone is obvious. There is a clear transition zone between the paragraphs, and the width of the section is abrupt. At the same time, the width of the fracture zone is found and the width of the fault zone is found. The number of transverse faults is more obvious, and the width is large, the number of transverse faults is more, the smaller the width is, the number of transverse faults is less. The increase of the number of fracture zone occurs mostly in the boundary area, which is corresponding to the position of the fracture zone width. The fault can be divided into 6 main segments, that is, Shen, that is, Shen. Yang - Changtu section, Siping - Jilin section, Shulan - Wuchang section, Shangzhi Fangzheng section, fangzheng Tangyuan section and Tangyuan Luobei section, the length of the length is 120Km, 148Km, 140Km, 90Km, 120Km and 129Km. The length of the boundary zone between the adjacent main sections are the geomorphic features near the fault zone of 55Km, 23Km, 20Km, 14Km and 16Km. (3) and the form analysis of river flow system. The tectonic geomorphic features of the fault zone show obvious segmental features. There is a certain coupling relationship between the topographic and geomorphic relief on both sides of the fault zone and the geometric distribution of the fracture. The landform features of the river valley slope, the river bend and the longitudinal profile are distinct in different segments, but the small scale microlandscape forms are different in different forms and are different in scale. According to the difference of small scale geomorphology within the fault zone, the 4 main segments of Shulan Wuchang section, Shangzhi - Fangzheng section, fangzheng Tongyuan section and Tongyuan Luobei section are subdivided into 8 subsections, namely, the sub section of the jar kiln, the Wuchang subsection, the Yanshou subsection, the Yanshou subsection, the Tonghe subsection, the Yilan subsection, the Tongyuan subsection and the subsection of the fault. The length of the subsection of Luobei, the length of 80Km, 51Km, 30Km, 55Km, 70Km, 30Km, 20Km and 104Km. subsections are 9Km, 5Km, 12Km and 13Km. The subsections of the subsections correspond to the catastrophic regions of the terrain, and the difference in the elevation difference of the terrain. The micro geomorphology of the pond and the hilly uplift coexist, the length of the surface rupture extends between 1.5Km-70Km, the height of the steep ridge is different from 1.0m to 4.4m, and the location of these microgeomorphology is located within the framework of the main segment, and it does not break through the subsection boundary area of the main segment, and it corresponds well to the 8 subsections. (4) through the geomorphological survey of the typical points, the dating of the age samples, the revelation of the paleoseismic exploration trough and the historical earthquake investigation, the sliding rate of the different time periods since the late Pleistocene has been obtained, and the evidence for the existence of strong earthquakes in the 8 paragraphs of the late Quaternary fault has been obtained. At the end of the late Pleistocene and late Holocene, the characteristics of cluster activities were shown in the late Pleistocene and late Holocene. (5) deep exploration data, such as geophysical exploration and aeromagnetic gravity anomalies, showed that the subsection results of the fault had a better correspondence in the depth of the fault. The results of seismic reflection in the cross fault zone show that the sedimentary basins controlled by different sections have distinct differences in sedimentary evolution, especially in the control basin fracture and its structural characteristics. The 6 segments of the fault zone control the structure of the 6 basins, the deposits and the structures, respectively. The spatial distribution image of the earthquake epicenter along the fault zone, the geophysical field of the Bouguer gravity anomaly and the aeromagnetic anomaly also have the corresponding sectional differences. The results of the seismic source depth distribution along the strike zone reflect the difference between the crustal structure of different paragraphs and the depth of the cutting of the earth's crust. The LAN Yitong fault zone has the characteristics of hierarchical subsection. The geometric structure is segmented and the geomorphic subsection is constructed. The activity habit segmentation and the deep results have good consistency. According to this, they can be divided into 6 main segments and 8 subsections of two different paragraphs. The subsection basis of the main segment is mainly the result of the comprehensive subsection. The subdivision of the subsection is mainly based on the micro. The difference between the landform and the ancient earthquake. However, the scale of the subsection or the subsection is smaller than the size of the main section, and the scale of the subsection boundary zone in the main section. (6) the variation of the geometric structure of the fault zone (the width of the width, the development of the bending and order areas) and the development of the transverse structure constitute the most important part of the sectional zone of the fault zone. In addition, the width of the fault zone and the change of the number of faults and the abrupt change of the geomorphology are more common in the subsection boundary area. The geometric structure of the boundary area is more complex and the geometric structure of the paragraphs is relatively simple. Most of the boundaries are developed with the variation and transverse structure of the fractured geometric structure, which constitute several segments. Relative to the main segment, the marks of the 4 subsections are relatively single, mainly the development of geometric and lateral structures, but their scale is less than the main section. (7) the Yilan Yitong fault zone and its adjacent area are widely developed by extrusion deformation during the Cenozoic. The results show that the Northeast basin group and the regional NE fault zone, represented by the Songliao Basin, the Yilan Yitong fault zone and the Dan Du fault zone, show obvious thrust characteristics of the present movement characteristics of the regional NE faults, indicating that the northeast region is in the modern tectonic stress field near the EW principal stress and the near SN orientation stress. The Yilan Yitong fault zone is in the northeast area. The compressional inversion structure in the Songliao basin is widely developed in the western part of the basin. The 4 section of the Da'an dedu fault zone in the basin shows the 4 section of the left order wild wild wild wild wild wild wild wild wild wild, and the section shows a fault fold belt with a width of about 20-30Km, and the comprehensive interpretation of the seismic reflection section shows that the tectonic deformation of the Daan dedu fault zone is "fracture" since the Cenozoic. "Related folds", the latest activity era is early Q2. If it is assumed that the time of its inversion is ~65Ma, and the shortened shrinkage is fixed, the shortening of the Daan dedu fracture since the Cenozoic is about 2.26Km, and the rate of shortening for about 0.03mm/a. in the short time is difficult to accumulate more than the Ms7.0 magnitude earthquake. (8) the Cenozoic tectonic extrusion The compression deformation may be a multi-stage process in the northeast area. The Yilan Yitong fault zone, located on the edge of the Songliao Basin, and the Daan dedu fault zone inside the basin all experienced this extrusion deformation during the Cenozoic period, forming a distinct regional unconformity interface between T02 (~65Ma), Td (~23Ma), Ttk (~5.3Ma) and T01 (~1.8Ma), representing the area. At least 4 intense episodic extrusion deformation has been experienced in the region. At the same time, the tectonic compression inversion may be regional. In a series of Cenozoic basins in Northeast China, such as Sanjiang, fangzheng, Tong Yuan, Yitong and Bohai Bay, the same period of compressive tectonic deformation occurred, and the corresponding regional unconformity interface was formed. This indicates the new northeast region. The tectonic stress field of the region has changed greatly during the period of the generation, and the compression shortening of the same period affects the new tectonic deformation of the whole northeast region, and its dynamic source may be controlled by the long distance effect of the oblique subduction of the Western Pacific plate and the collision of the India plate. (9) the Yilan Yitong fault zone at the edge of the Songliao basin has strong earthquakes On the contrary, the Daan dedu fault zone, located in the inner Songliao Basin, is only with the tectonic setting of the middle strong earthquake (M7.0), which suggests that the Songliao basin is an independent active block, its internal deformation is relatively stable, and the main tectonic deformation and strong earthquake activity occur on the boundary fault zone of the basin. The research content and understanding, to a certain extent, deepened our study on the new structure and active structure of the Yilan Yitong fault and its adjacent area, which will help us to understand the background of seismic activity in this area and provide a scientific reference for the earthquake prevention and disaster reduction work in the northeast.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地震局地質(zhì)研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P315.2
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本文編號：1964491