本文選題：Eulemur + coronatus�。� 參考：《北京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：我們?cè)隈R達(dá)加斯加琥珀山國(guó)家公園的熱帶森林內(nèi)對(duì)兩種狐猴——冠美狐猴(Eulemur coronatus) (Gray,1842)和桑氏美狐猴(Eulemur sanfordi) (Archbold,1932)——進(jìn)行了研究。本項(xiàng)調(diào)查旨在研究這兩個(gè)土著狐猴物種對(duì)琥珀山森林更新的影響,包括以下幾個(gè)方面：首先對(duì)其取食生態(tài)學(xué)進(jìn)行研究,以更好地了解狐猴對(duì)琥珀山森林的依賴性；其次對(duì)通過(guò)它們消化道的種子的發(fā)芽作用進(jìn)行研究,以確定狐猴作為種子傳播者的生態(tài)作用；最后對(duì)種子的發(fā)芽生長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行研究,以了解狐猴在琥珀山棲息地恢復(fù)和保護(hù)策略中的重要性。我們還對(duì)琥珀山國(guó)家公園內(nèi)的兩種狐猴進(jìn)行了比較研究,以確定它們生存的交互作用和對(duì)森林更新的影響能力。在從旱季末(2013年9月-2013年11月)到雨季初(2013年12月-2014年2月)的396個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi),對(duì)兩群有8-9只個(gè)體的冠美狐猴和桑氏美狐猴分別進(jìn)行跟蹤、觀察和監(jiān)測(cè),以收集它們采食和排便的信息。對(duì)種子發(fā)芽和幼苗期的數(shù)據(jù)采集一直持續(xù)到2015年2月份。野外調(diào)查人員記錄了兩群狐猴的取食情況,包括所取食的植物物種,對(duì)植物不同器官的偏好,取食的森林層次和所取食植物物種的特征。采集了被跟蹤的冠美狐猴和桑氏美狐猴的糞便樣本,并對(duì)樣本進(jìn)行分析以取出種子。對(duì)糞便樣本中的種子進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)、測(cè)量和鑒定。對(duì)母樹(shù)和種子排出地點(diǎn)的地理坐標(biāo)進(jìn)行記錄,使用QGIS軟件計(jì)算糞便內(nèi)種子的遷移距離。選取狐猴糞便中最常見(jiàn)的種子進(jìn)行發(fā)芽試驗(yàn)。通過(guò)在苗圃內(nèi)種植狐猴排出的種子和未經(jīng)過(guò)消化道處理的對(duì)照種子,可以對(duì)所采集種子的發(fā)芽潛能進(jìn)行分析。通過(guò)每月對(duì)幼苗進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)和測(cè)量來(lái)記錄幼苗存活及生長(zhǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)。本研究的結(jié)果表明：冠美狐猴將32%的時(shí)間都用在了取食上,且月份間(F=5.02,p=0.01)和季節(jié)間(F=4.97,p=0.03)的取食時(shí)間有顯著差異。桑氏美狐猴將24%的時(shí)間花在取食上,月份間(F=4.59,p=0.01)的取食時(shí)間有顯著差異,但季節(jié)間的取食時(shí)間則無(wú)顯著差異。在整個(gè)研究期間內(nèi),兩種狐猴的取食時(shí)間(U=1158,p=0.01)存在顯著差異。果實(shí)是兩種狐猴的主要食物。冠美狐猴在92%的取食時(shí)間內(nèi)都在采食果實(shí),包括成熟果實(shí)(58%)和未成熟果實(shí)(34%)。采食成熟果實(shí)的時(shí)間在所有月份中都很高。但在不同的月份間(F=5.12,p=0.01)冠美狐猴取食成熟果實(shí)的時(shí)間有顯著差異,而在不同的季節(jié)間(F=2.06,p=0.16)其取食成熟果實(shí)的時(shí)間則沒(méi)有顯著差異。桑氏美狐猴在80%的取食時(shí)間內(nèi)都在采食果實(shí),包括成熟果實(shí)(76%)和未成熟果實(shí)(4%)。采食成熟果實(shí)的時(shí)間在所有月份中都很高。在不同的月份間(F=8.80,p=0.01)和不同的季節(jié)間(F=36.36,p=0.01)桑氏美狐猴取食成熟果實(shí)的時(shí)間都有顯著差異。兩種狐猴對(duì)成熟果實(shí)的采食沒(méi)有顯著差異。冠美狐猴采食27科39屬的45種植物,其中55.56%是土著種。其日取食植物物種數(shù)量沒(méi)有顯著差異(F=0.57,p=0.85),但月(F=4.47,p=0.02)和季節(jié)(F=8.39,p=0.05)取食植物物種數(shù)量均有顯著差異。桑氏美狐猴采食25科30屬的34種植物,其中70.59%是土著種。其日(F=0.83,p=0.61)、月(F=6.65,p=0.66)和季節(jié)(F=0.51,p=0.48)取食植物物種數(shù)量均無(wú)顯著差異。兩種狐猴所采食的植物物種差異顯著(U=1439,p=0.01)。�？浦参锸莾煞N狐猴采食最多的。冠美狐猴在大部分采食時(shí)間內(nèi)都待在樹(shù)冠上層。桑氏美狐猴有60%的采食時(shí)間都在高大樹(shù)頂?shù)穆渡鷮又腥∈�。兩種狐猴都在所有森林層次內(nèi)進(jìn)行采食,且其對(duì)不同森林層次的利用沒(méi)有顯著差異(U=11,p=0.75)。兩種狐猴最常取食的樹(shù)種的胸徑為10-20厘米,高為10-20米。從冠美狐猴的129份新鮮糞便樣本中取出了來(lái)自23科33種植物的502粒種子。從桑氏美狐猴的1 31份新鮮糞便樣本中取出了來(lái)自17科25種植物的528粒種子。在兩種狐猴中,超過(guò)50%的糞便樣本包含≤2粒種子,超過(guò)70%的糞便樣本包含≤2個(gè)種子物種。冠美狐猴從母樹(shù)傳播種子的平均距離為97.71米,而桑氏美狐猴從母樹(shù)傳播種子的平均距離為119.64米。經(jīng)兩種狐猴消化道處理的種子的發(fā)芽率都比對(duì)照組高,種子萌發(fā)的平均潛伏期也比對(duì)照組低。不過(guò),桑氏美狐猴排出的種子的發(fā)芽率要比冠美狐猴的高,其平均潛伏期也較短,曼一惠特尼檢測(cè)表明其顯著程度不同。經(jīng)兩種狐猴消化道處理的種子的成苗率、平均幼苗生長(zhǎng)和幼苗高度都比對(duì)照組高。冠美狐猴排出的種子的成苗率、平均幼蔭生長(zhǎng)和幼苗高度都比桑氏美狐猴的高,曼一惠特尼檢測(cè)表明其顯著程度不同�？梢�(jiàn),冠美狐猴和桑氏美狐猴的生存有賴于琥珀山森林中的土植物群落,而在它們食譜中存在的差異則可能保證了它們?cè)谶@一地區(qū)的共存。冠美狐猴和桑氏美狐猴都是森林中重要的種子傳播者,它們對(duì)琥珀山森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的種子萌發(fā)和植物多樣性保護(hù)具有重要意義。如果能夠保護(hù)它們免受人類的威脅,那它們則可以在天然造林進(jìn)程中扮演十分重要的角色。
[Abstract]:We studied two species of lemurs (Eulemur coronatus) (Gray, 1842) and Eulemur sanfordi (Archbold, 1932) in the tropical forests of the amber Mountain National Park in Madagascar. This study aims to study the effects of the two indigenous lemurs species on the amber mountain forest regeneration, including the following Several aspects: first, the food ecology was studied to better understand the lemurs' dependence on the amber mountain forest; secondly, the effect of seed germination through their digestive tract was studied in order to determine the ecological effect of the lemurs as seed disseminators; finally, the germination and growth of the seeds were studied in order to understand the amurus amurus in amurus amuri. A comparative study of two species of lemurs in amber Mountain National Park was carried out to determine the interaction of their survival and the ability to influence forest regeneration. Within 396 hours from the end of the dry season (November, -2013 September 2013, September 2013) to the beginning of the rainy season (February December 2013), two 8-9 individual lemurs and sauna lemurs were tracked, observed and monitored to collect information about their feeding and defecation. The data collection for seed germination and seedling period continued until February 2015. Field investigators recorded the feeding conditions of two groups of lemurs, including plant species that were fed and different plants. The preference of the organs, the forest level of the feeding and the characteristics of the species of the plant. The samples were collected and the samples were analyzed to take out the seeds. The seeds in the fecal samples were counted, measured and identified. The geographical coordinates of the discharge sites of the mother and seed were recorded and used Q GIS software calculates the migration distance of the seeds in the feces. Select the most common seeds in the lemurs feces for germination test. By planting the seeds from the lemurs in the nursery and the control seeds that are not treated by the digestive tract, the germination potential of the seeds can be analyzed. The seedlings are counted and measured each month to record the young. The results of this study showed that the crowned lemurs spent 32% of their time on feeding, and there was a significant difference in the feeding time between months (F=5.02, p=0.01) and the season (F=4.97, p=0.03). The mulberry lemurs spent 24% of their time on feeding, and there was a significant difference in the feeding time between the months (F=4.59, p=0.01), but the seasons were different. There was no significant difference between the feeding time between the two species of lemurs (U=1158, p=0.01) during the whole study period. The fruit was the main food of two species of lemurs. The crowns and lemurs were eating fruit during the 92% feeding time, including mature fruit (58%) and unripe fruit (34%). All months were high, but there was a significant difference in the time of eating mature fruits of the F=5.12 (p=0.01) in different months (F=2.06, p=0.16), while there was no significant difference in the time of feeding mature fruit between different seasons (F=2.06, p=0.16). The mulberry lemurs were eating fruits, including mature fruit (76%) and immature fruit during the feeding time of 80%. Fruit (4%). The time of eating mature fruits was high in all months. There were significant differences in the time of feeding mature fruit of mulberry lemurs in different months (F=8.80, p=0.01) and different seasons (F=36.36, p=0.01). Two species of lemurs were not significantly different from the mature fruit. 45 species of 27 families and 39 genera were eaten. 55.56% of them were indigenous species. There were no significant differences in the number of daily feeding plants (F=0.57, p=0.85), but there were significant differences in the number of plant species in the month (F=4.47, p=0.02) and the season (F=8.39, p=0.05). The mulberry lemurs took 34 plants of 30 genera, of which 70.59% were indigenous. Their day (F=0.83, p=0.61), month (F=6.65, p=0.66), and season (F) There was no significant difference in the number of plant species for =0.51, p=0.48). There were significant differences between the two species of lemurs (U=1439, p=0.01). The mulberry plants were the most common species of lemurs. The coronal lemurs were in the upper canopy during most of the feeding time. The mulberry lemurs had 60% of the eating time in the high tree top. Two species of lemurs were eaten at all forest levels, and there was no significant difference in the utilization of the different forest levels (U=11, p=0.75). The diameter of the two species of lemur species was 10-20 centimeters and 10-20 meters high. From the 129 fresh feces samples of the coronal lemurs, 502 seeds from 33 species of 23 families were extracted. The lemur 131 fresh feces samples were taken from 528 seeds from 25 species of 17 families. Over 50% of the two species of lemurs, more than 50% of the fecal samples contained less than 2 seeds and more than 70% of the fecal samples contained less than 2 seeds. The average distance from the mother tree was 97.71 meters from the mother tree, and the mulberry lemurs spread seeds from the mother tree. The average distance was 119.64 meters. The germination rate of the seeds treated by the two lemur digestive tract was higher than that of the control group. The average incubation period of the seed germination was also lower than that of the control group. However, the germination rate of the seeds discharged from the mulberry lemurs was higher than that of the crown lemur, and the average incubation period was also shorter. The man Whitney test showed that the seeds were significantly different. The average seedling growth and seedling height of the two species of lemur alimentary canal were higher than those of the control group. The seedling rate of the seeds from the crown beautiful lemurs was higher than that of the saurian lemurs. It depends on the soil plant communities in the amber forest, and the differences in their recipes may ensure their coexistence in this area. Both the crown and the beautiful lemurs and the mulberry lemurs are important seed disseminators in the forest. They are of great significance to the seed germination and plant diversity protection in the amber mountain forest ecosystem. If they can protect them from human threats, they can play a very important role in the natural afforestation process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：Q958.1
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本文編號(hào)：1961442