本文選題：形變測(cè)量 + 條紋頻率��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：光學(xué)干涉計(jì)量技術(shù)在我國的許多領(lǐng)域都有著十分重要的應(yīng)用。隨著近年來科技的發(fā)展,各個(gè)行業(yè)的研究人員對(duì)測(cè)量方面的需求也在不斷提高。因此,尋找一種實(shí)用性強(qiáng)、操作簡單、精度較高的測(cè)量方法對(duì)于各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)研究工作來說意義重大。本文介紹了一種新型的三維變形測(cè)量技術(shù),可以由兩幅光干涉條紋圖實(shí)現(xiàn)全場(chǎng)的三維位移測(cè)量。該方法是基于圖像一致性假設(shè)與光流基本方程而提出的,首先由窗口傅里葉脊法提取了初始圖像的條紋頻率,由光流法獲得了變形前后圖像的面內(nèi)位移場(chǎng),然后根據(jù)光流基本方程將條紋頻率、面內(nèi)位移場(chǎng)與離面變形相位三者建立了數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系,實(shí)現(xiàn)了由面內(nèi)位移來得到離面變形相位的計(jì)算過程。然而由于光流算法本身的限制,該方法在圖像邊緣處與中心處所獲得的數(shù)據(jù)誤差較大。為了解決這一問題,我們運(yùn)用數(shù)字圖像相關(guān)法替代光流法完成了面內(nèi)位移的測(cè)量工作,以實(shí)現(xiàn)更精確的三維位移測(cè)量。文章介紹了電子散斑干涉術(shù)、窗口傅里葉脊法、光流法及數(shù)字圖像相關(guān)法的原理,對(duì)平面加載的圓盤與周邊固定、中心加載的圓盤分別進(jìn)行了計(jì)算機(jī)模擬與典型實(shí)驗(yàn)。模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果均表明,該方法能夠根據(jù)直觀的面內(nèi)位移場(chǎng)解調(diào)出物體全場(chǎng)離面位移信息。該方法優(yōu)點(diǎn)與創(chuàng)新之處在于操作過程簡單方便,能同時(shí)提取變形物體的三維位移場(chǎng),既不需要將條紋圖像轉(zhuǎn)換到頻域,也不需要相位解包絡(luò)運(yùn)算,且在條紋越密集處提取的離面變形相位信息更準(zhǔn)確。由于該方法僅需要兩幅圖像便可完成物體三維形變的測(cè)量工作,所以該算法為全場(chǎng)三維動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)量提供了新的思路。除此之外,文章在最后介紹了兩種最近剛被提出的變形測(cè)量技術(shù):載頻交疊重構(gòu)干涉術(shù)與基于二維連續(xù)小波變換的散斑相位奇異法。這兩種方法均具能有效地抑制環(huán)境噪聲,獲得更精確的測(cè)量結(jié)果。本文將這兩種方法分別應(yīng)用于電子散斑干涉術(shù)與光干涉圖像當(dāng)中,對(duì)這兩種方法在三維形變測(cè)量方面的應(yīng)用前景做了研究與預(yù)測(cè)。本文的主要章節(jié)研究內(nèi)容如下:第一章主要對(duì)物體三維面形與變形測(cè)量的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了綜合性的論述,介紹了包裹相位與相位解包絡(luò)操作的概念與無包絡(luò)三維測(cè)量的研究意義。第二章首先介紹了電子散斑干涉術(shù)術(shù)(ESPI)的基本原理。由于在運(yùn)用ESPI計(jì)算離面位移時(shí)需要先提取離面變形相位的信息,所以又介紹了兩種相位提取方法:相移法與傅里葉變換法。其中,相移法的測(cè)量精度較高,但是其需要的圖像也比較多,不適合于動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)量;傅里葉變換法只需要一幅圖像便可完成相位的提取,但是與相移法相比測(cè)量精度較低且不適用于閉合條紋圖的測(cè)量工作。除此之外,這兩種方法都需要用到相位解包絡(luò)操作,這無疑增加了位移計(jì)算的誤差。在后文中提到的基于光流法的三維位移測(cè)量技術(shù)、基于圖像相關(guān)的三維位移測(cè)量技術(shù)、載頻交疊重構(gòu)散斑干涉測(cè)量技術(shù)與基于小波變換的相位奇異網(wǎng)格法的思路都是在ESPI原理的啟發(fā)下獲得的。第三章主要介紹了運(yùn)用窗口傅里葉脊提取圖像條紋頻率的基本原理。這一章首先定義了條紋頻率與窗口傅里葉變換的概念,然后針對(duì)現(xiàn)有的窗口傅里葉脊算法的不足對(duì)其進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)。模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明改進(jìn)后的窗口傅里葉脊算法提取的條紋頻率的精度更高,適用性更加廣泛。本章中提取的圖像條紋頻率在后文當(dāng)中有重要應(yīng)用。第四章從光流場(chǎng)的概念與光流算法的研究現(xiàn)狀入手,對(duì)光流法測(cè)量物體三維形變的基本原理展開了論述。該算法將初始圖像的條紋頻率、變形前后圖像的面內(nèi)位移場(chǎng)與離面變形相位三者建立了直接的聯(lián)系,實(shí)現(xiàn)了由直觀的面內(nèi)位移場(chǎng)測(cè)量離面位移的運(yùn)算過程。模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)均表明該算法可以實(shí)現(xiàn)三維位移的測(cè)量。針對(duì)光流法具有邊緣效應(yīng)這一缺陷,第五章提出用數(shù)字圖像相關(guān)法來替代光流法以改進(jìn)第四章中提出的三維位移測(cè)量方法。這一章首先論述了基于梯度法的數(shù)字圖像相關(guān)亞像素算法的基本原理與研究現(xiàn)狀,然后將該方法與光流法結(jié)合后測(cè)量了周邊固定、中心加載圓盤的三維形變量。模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果均表明該方法的測(cè)量精度比改進(jìn)前的光流法的精度更高,測(cè)量范圍更廣。第六章主要探討了載頻交疊重構(gòu)干涉術(shù)(CSI)與基于二維連續(xù)小波變換(CWT)的散斑相位奇異法在散斑干涉計(jì)量與光干涉計(jì)量當(dāng)中應(yīng)用。CSI算法是一種可以將環(huán)境噪聲與圖像中有用的信息直接分離的測(cè)量技術(shù)。經(jīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,該方法可以將散斑干涉條紋圖像的有效頻譜與噪聲頻譜分離,可應(yīng)用于散斑干涉計(jì)量當(dāng)中。基于二維CWT的相位奇異網(wǎng)格法是一種測(cè)量面內(nèi)位移的方法。本文將此方法與光流法相結(jié)合,先測(cè)量了平動(dòng)圖像之間的面內(nèi)位移,證明了該方法對(duì)面內(nèi)位移測(cè)量的有效性與魯棒性,然后對(duì)結(jié)合后的算法在離面微位移測(cè)量方面的前景進(jìn)行了探討。第七章總結(jié)了文章的主要成果與創(chuàng)新點(diǎn),并簡單論述了下一步的研究工作。
[Abstract]:Optical interferometry has a very important application in many fields of our country. With the development of science and technology in recent years, the needs of researchers in various industries are increasing. Therefore, to find a practical, simple and high precision measurement method for the scientific research work in various fields. It is of great significance. This paper introduces a new three-dimensional deformation measurement technique, which can be measured by two optical interference fringes. This method is based on the assumption of image consistency and the basic equation of optical flow. First, the fringes frequency of the initial image is extracted by the window Fourier ridge method, and the change of the frequency is obtained by the optical flow method. The in-plane displacement field of the image before and after the shape is obtained, then the relationship between the frequency of the stripe, the displacement field of the plane and the phase of the deformed deformation is established according to the basic equation of the light flow, and the calculation process of the phase of the deformed deformation is achieved by the in-plane displacement. However, because of the limitation of the optical flow algorithm itself, the method is obtained at the edge of the image and the center. In order to solve this problem, in order to solve this problem, we use the digital image correlation method to replace the optical flow method to complete the measurement of the in-plane displacement to achieve more accurate three-dimensional displacement measurement. This paper introduces the principle of electronic speckle interferometry, window Fu Liye ridge method, optical flow method and digital image correlation method, and the plane loaded disk. The simulation results and experimental results show that the method can demodulate the full field off plane displacement information according to the intuitionistic in-plane displacement field. The advantage and innovation of this method is that the operation is simple and convenient, and can extract three deformed objects at the same time. The dimensional displacement field does not need to convert the stripe image to the frequency domain, nor does it need the phase envelope operation, and the phase information of the deformed phase is more accurate. As the method only needs two images, it can measure the three-dimensional deformation of the object, so the algorithm provides a new thought for the full field three-dimensional dynamic measurement. In addition, the paper finally introduces two recently proposed deformation measurement techniques: carrier overlapping reconstruction interferometry and speckle phase singular method based on two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform. These two methods can effectively suppress environmental noise and obtain more accurate measurement results. These two methods are applied to electricity respectively in this paper. The application prospects of these two methods in 3D deformation measurement are studied and predicted. The main chapters of this paper are as follows: the first chapter is a comprehensive exposition of the research status of the measurement of three-dimensional shape and deformation of objects, and the envelope phase and the phase solution envelope. In the second chapter, the basic principle of electronic speckle interferometry (ESPI) is introduced. In this chapter, two phase extraction methods, phase shift method and Fu Liye transform method, are introduced because of the need to extract the information of the deformed phase when using ESPI to calculate the displaced displacement. The accuracy of the measurement is high, but it needs more images, and it is not suitable for dynamic measurement. The Fu Liye transform method only needs one image to complete the phase extraction, but compared with the phase shift method, the measurement accuracy is low and does not apply to the measurement of the closed fringe pattern. In addition, these two methods need to use the phase solution envelope. Operation, this undoubtedly increases the error of displacement calculation. In the latter part, the three-dimensional displacement measurement technology based on the optical flow method, based on the three-dimensional displacement measurement technology based on the image correlation, the thought of the carrier frequency overlapping reconstruction speckle interferometry and the phase singular grid method based on the wavelet transform are both inspired by the ESPI principle. The three chapter mainly introduces the basic principle of using window Fourier ridge to extract the frequency of image stripe. This chapter first defines the concept of fringe frequency and window Fourier transform, and then improves the existing window Fourier ridge algorithm. The simulation experiment results show that the improved window Fourier ridge algorithm is extracted. The frequency of stripe is more accurate and more applicable. The frequency of image stripe extracted in this chapter has an important application in the latter part. The fourth chapter starts with the concept of optical flow field and the research status of optical flow algorithm, and discusses the basic principle of measuring three-dimensional deformation of objects by optical flow method. The algorithm changes the frequency of the stripe of the initial image. The in-plane displacement field in the front and back image is directly connected with the phase of the deformed phase three. The calculation process of measuring the displaced displacement by an intuitionistic displacement field is realized. The simulation results and experiments show that the algorithm can measure the three-dimensional displacement. The fifth chapter puts forward the number of figures for the edge effect of the optical flow method. The image correlation method is used to replace the optical flow method to improve the three-dimensional displacement measurement method proposed in the fourth chapter. This chapter first discusses the basic principle and research status of the digital image correlation sub-pixel algorithm based on the gradient method. Then, the method is combined with the optical flow method to measure the surrounding fixed, the three-dimensional shape variables of the central loading disk. The results and experimental results show that the accuracy of the method is higher than that of the improved optical flow method, and the range of measurement is more extensive. The sixth chapter mainly discusses the application of.CSI algorithm in the speckle dry measurement and optical interferometry based on the carrier frequency overlapping reconstruction interferometry (CSI) and the speckle phase singular method based on the two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform (CWT). This method can separate the environmental noise directly from the useful information in the image. It is proved by experiment that this method can separate the effective spectrum of the speckle interference fringes and the noise spectrum, and can be applied to the speckle interferometry. The phase singular grid method based on the two-dimensional CWT is a method for measuring the in-plane displacement. Combined with the optical flow method, the in-plane displacement between the translational images is measured first, and the effectiveness and robustness of the method is proved. Then the prospect of the combined algorithm in the measurement of the off surface micro displacement is discussed. The seventh chapter summarizes the main achievements and innovation points of the article, and briefly discusses the next step. Research work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：O436.1

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