本文選題：鐿原子 + 原子光鐘��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院(武漢物理與數(shù)學(xué)研究所)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來,中性原子光晶格鐘的研究取得了飛速的進(jìn)展,其穩(wěn)定度和不確定度都已進(jìn)入10-18量級(jí),全面超越了作為國際秒定義的銫噴泉鐘。高精度的光鐘不僅是守時(shí)授時(shí)、全球定位導(dǎo)航領(lǐng)域中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),而且在精密測(cè)量物理等基礎(chǔ)研究領(lǐng)域有重要的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。171Yb原子是光頻標(biāo)(光鐘)重要候選之一,其鐘躍遷自然線寬小于10mHz。目前,鐿原子光晶格鐘穩(wěn)定度已達(dá)到1.6×10-18,其不確定度有望進(jìn)入10-19量級(jí)。研究生期間,我在前期鐿原子磁光囚禁工作基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步實(shí)現(xiàn)了鐿原子的魔幻波長(zhǎng)光晶格裝載,并在光晶格中實(shí)現(xiàn)了Hz量級(jí)超窄線寬鐘躍遷譜線的探詢。本論文總結(jié)了我的主要研究工作介紹如下,1、 改進(jìn)了399nm和556nm冷卻光鎖頻系統(tǒng)。分別通過調(diào)制轉(zhuǎn)移譜方案、PDH+熒光譜鎖頻方案實(shí)現(xiàn)399nm激光器和556nm激光器的鎖頻,使激光頻率抖動(dòng)遠(yuǎn)小于自然線寬,長(zhǎng)期鎖定達(dá)5天以上,滿足光鐘實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)激光頻率穩(wěn)定度的要求。2、 實(shí)現(xiàn)了鐿原子魔幻波長(zhǎng)光晶格的高效裝載。通過對(duì)冷原子云溫度、密度的控制,在典型實(shí)驗(yàn)參數(shù)下,鐿原子的裝載效率達(dá)到2%,裝載數(shù)目達(dá)到5×104以上；原子在光晶格中的壽命長(zhǎng)達(dá)5s。3、 實(shí)現(xiàn)了鐿原子鐘躍遷的運(yùn)動(dòng)邊帶譜探測(cè)。利用歸一化探測(cè)技術(shù)獲得了高信噪比的運(yùn)動(dòng)邊帶譜；通過對(duì)譜線線型的分析,得到光晶格阱深為83μK,原子縱向溫度為35μK,橫向溫度為281-μK。4、 實(shí)現(xiàn)了Hz量級(jí)線寬的鐘躍遷譜的Rabi探詢。利用補(bǔ)償雜散磁場(chǎng),抑制功率增寬、自旋極化等關(guān)鍵技術(shù),成功將鐘躍遷譜線寬從kHz量級(jí)壓窄到Hz量級(jí)。在170ms探測(cè)時(shí)間下獲得5.9Hz的鐘躍遷譜,接近傅里葉極限線寬。5、 對(duì)鐿原子光鐘非破壞探測(cè)進(jìn)行了初步研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)上精確測(cè)量了171Yb原子1S0-3P1互組合躍遷在光晶格中的AC Stark頻移,并依據(jù)測(cè)量結(jié)果對(duì)基于該躍遷的非破壞探測(cè)方案可行性進(jìn)行理論分析。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the research of neutral atomic optical lattice clock has made rapid progress, its stability and uncertainty have entered the order of 10-18, which is beyond the cesium fountain clock, which is defined as an international second. High precision light clock is not only the key technology in the field of punctuality and GPS navigation, but also has important application value in the basic research fields such as precision measurement physics. 171Yb atom is one of the important candidates for optical frequency standard (optical clock). The natural linewidth of the bell transition is less than 10mHz. At present, the stability of ytterbium atomic optical lattice clock has reached 1.6 脳 10 ~ (-18), and its uncertainty is expected to reach the order of 10-19. During the post-graduate period, based on the previous work of magneto-optical trapping of ytterbium atom, I further realized the magic wavelength optical lattice loading of ytterbium atom, and realized the exploration of the transition line of Hz ultra-narrow linewidth clock in the optical lattice. This paper summarizes my main research work as follows: 1. Improve the 399nm and 556nm cooling optical frequency locking system. The frequency locking of 399nm laser and 556nm laser is realized by modulation transfer spectrum scheme and fluorescence spectrum scheme respectively. The frequency jitter is much smaller than the natural linewidth, and the long-term locking is more than 5 days. To meet the requirement of laser frequency stability in optical clock experiment, the high efficiency loading of ytterbium atom magic wavelength optical lattice is realized. By controlling the cloud temperature and density of cold atoms, under typical experimental parameters, the loading efficiency of ytterbium atoms is 2 and the loading number is more than 5 脳 10 ~ 4, and the lifetime of atoms in optical lattice is up to 5s. 3. The detection of the ytterbium clock transition by moving sideband spectrum is realized. The moving sideband spectrum with high SNR is obtained by normalized detection technique, and the Rabi probe of the clock transition spectrum with Hz linewidth is realized by analyzing the spectral line pattern, the depth of the optical lattice well is 83 渭 K, the longitudinal temperature of the atom is 35 渭 K, and the transverse temperature is 281- 渭 K. 4. By compensating the stray magnetic field and restraining the power broadening and spin polarization, the line width of the clock transition spectrum is reduced from kHz to Hz. The clock transition spectrum of 5.9Hz is obtained at 170ms detection time, which is close to the Fourier limit line width. 5. The nondestructive detection of ytterbium atomic clock is preliminarily studied. The AC Stark frequency shift of 171Yb atom 1S0-3P1 combinatorial transition in optical lattice has been accurately measured experimentally, and the feasibility of the nondestructive detection scheme based on this transition has been theoretically analyzed according to the measured results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院(武漢物理與數(shù)學(xué)研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：O562;TM935.115

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本文編號(hào)：1903548