本文選題：微光學(xué)腔 + 銫原子輸運(yùn)�。� 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：原子的輻射特性不僅由其內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)決定,而且也會(huì)受到外界環(huán)境的影響。通過(guò)改變?cè)又車(chē)姶艌?chǎng)的模式分布密度,原子與光的相互作用可以得到明顯增強(qiáng)。例如將單個(gè)原子置于僅有一個(gè)模式的光學(xué)腔中,就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)單原子與單模場(chǎng)之間的相互作用；當(dāng)其耦合強(qiáng)度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)原子與外場(chǎng)模式的作用時(shí),就形成原子-腔系統(tǒng)典型的能譜結(jié)構(gòu),即系統(tǒng)處于腔量子電動(dòng)力學(xué)(Cavity Quantum electrodynamics, Cavity QED)的強(qiáng)耦合區(qū)域。這樣的系統(tǒng)是研究單原子-腔場(chǎng)相互作用的理想系統(tǒng),用于基礎(chǔ)量子物理問(wèn)題的研究和量子信息處理及量子網(wǎng)絡(luò)的構(gòu)建等研究領(lǐng)域,而在光學(xué)腔內(nèi)操控單個(gè)原子的內(nèi)外態(tài)是實(shí)現(xiàn)以上目標(biāo)的必要條件。該論文主要基于強(qiáng)耦合的腔QED實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)所開(kāi)展。在實(shí)驗(yàn)中通過(guò)銫原子團(tuán)自由下落方式輸運(yùn)原子到微腔的腔模內(nèi),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)單原子與腔模的強(qiáng)耦合作用以及其腔內(nèi)俘獲。通過(guò)蒙特卡洛方法模擬并結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)采集的單原子穿越腔模的信號(hào),不僅可以確定磁光阱中冷原子的溫度,而且可以優(yōu)化實(shí)驗(yàn)參數(shù)；其次基于強(qiáng)耦合的原子-腔系統(tǒng)的單原子“顯微鏡”來(lái)觀測(cè)單原子與微腔的不同橫模的強(qiáng)耦合作用；并可記錄單原子穿越不同橫模的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡,對(duì)原子位置的測(cè)量精度達(dá)到亞微米量級(jí)；此外,通過(guò)大量原子到達(dá)腔模的時(shí)刻得到磁光阱的原子束的統(tǒng)計(jì)性質(zhì),在不同初始溫度下觀察到了熱原子束的聚束效應(yīng)；接著為了對(duì)單原子在腔內(nèi)進(jìn)行相干操控和提高其與腔模的作用時(shí)間,實(shí)驗(yàn)上搭建了兩維雙色偶極阱,實(shí)現(xiàn)了單原子在軸向由魔數(shù)波長(zhǎng)所構(gòu)成的駐波偶極阱內(nèi)的態(tài)不敏感的冷卻與俘獲,并通過(guò)腔冷卻機(jī)制使原子在腔內(nèi)亮阱中駐留時(shí)間達(dá)到大約7ms；再者在理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)上系統(tǒng)的研究了基于納米光纖實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)原子的俘獲；最后,理論上研究了基于光學(xué)腔實(shí)現(xiàn)突破經(jīng)典極限測(cè)量的方案,可以指導(dǎo)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步提高原子位置的測(cè)量精度。在這些研究工作中,創(chuàng)新性的工作有以下幾點(diǎn)：1.建立了基于原子自由下落來(lái)輸運(yùn)原子到微光學(xué)腔的物理過(guò)程,并通過(guò)蒙特卡羅方法對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)整個(gè)過(guò)程進(jìn)行了模擬,模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)符合很好,并提出一種新的測(cè)量溫度的方法,進(jìn)一步將模型用于實(shí)驗(yàn)室新一代光學(xué)腔的設(shè)計(jì),對(duì)新腔參數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)具有指導(dǎo)意義。2.基于光學(xué)微腔作為單原子顯微鏡,通過(guò)腔的透射譜觀測(cè)到原子與微腔不同模式的強(qiáng)耦合,對(duì)單原子位置的測(cè)量精度達(dá)到了亞微米量級(jí)；并研究了磁光阱中冷原子的統(tǒng)計(jì)特性,從磁光阱下落到光學(xué)腔的原子束滿足玻色-愛(ài)因斯坦統(tǒng)計(jì)分布,其關(guān)聯(lián)特性呈典型的“聚束”效應(yīng)。3.利用遠(yuǎn)失諧的魔數(shù)波長(zhǎng)構(gòu)建的腔內(nèi)駐波偶極阱,實(shí)現(xiàn)了單原子在腔內(nèi)的長(zhǎng)時(shí)間俘獲,并借助腔致冷卻來(lái)進(jìn)一步提高原子在腔內(nèi)的駐留時(shí)間,實(shí)現(xiàn)了態(tài)不敏感的腔內(nèi)單原子冷卻與俘獲以及實(shí)時(shí)觀測(cè)。4.研究用錐形的納米光纖構(gòu)建偶極阱來(lái)俘獲原子,為操控原子開(kāi)辟了一條新的道路,對(duì)于量子通訊的應(yīng)用有重要的意義,其優(yōu)勢(shì)在于擴(kuò)展性強(qiáng)、傳輸效率高以及小型化。5.研究了基于光學(xué)腔,結(jié)合非經(jīng)典光(壓縮真空態(tài))與非高斯測(cè)量(光子數(shù)可以分辨的探測(cè)和宇稱探測(cè))實(shí)現(xiàn)突破經(jīng)典極限的測(cè)量方案,通過(guò)兩者相結(jié)合實(shí)現(xiàn)了超分辨與超靈敏的探測(cè),使其成為一種有潛力的量子策略來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)增強(qiáng)量子計(jì)量：并在實(shí)驗(yàn)上嘗試使用壓縮真空態(tài)光場(chǎng)與冷原子結(jié)合來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)更高的精度地測(cè)量原子運(yùn)動(dòng)或者得到系統(tǒng)的一些新的非線性現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:The radiation characteristics of an atom are not only determined by its internal structure, but also influenced by the external environment. By changing the mode distribution density of the electromagnetic field around the atom, the interaction between atoms and light can be significantly enhanced. For example, the single atom and single mode field can be realized by placing a single atom in only one mode of optical cavity. When the coupling strength is far more than the effect of the atom and the field mode, it forms the typical spectral structure of the atomic cavity system, that is, the strong coupling region of the cavity quantum electrodynamics (Cavity Quantum electrodynamics, Cavity QED). Such a system is an ideal system for the study of the interaction of single atom cavity field. The study of fundamental quantum physics and quantum information processing and the construction of quantum networks, and the control of the internal and external states of a single atom in the optical cavity is a necessary condition for the realization of the above targets. This paper is mainly based on a strongly coupled cavity QED experimental system. The atoms are transported to the cavity mode of the microcavity to realize the strong coupling of the single atom with the cavity mode and the capture in the cavity. The Monte Carlo method is used to simulate and combine the experimental data of the single atom through the cavity mode, not only to determine the temperature of the cold atom in the magneto-optical trap, but also to optimize the experimental parameters. Secondly, the atom is based on the strong coupling atom. The single atom "microscope" of the cavity system is used to observe the strong coupling effect of the single atom and the different transverse modes of the microcavity, and can record the trajectory of the single atom passing through the different transverse modes, and the measurement precision of the atomic position reaches the order of submicron. In addition, the statistical properties of the atom beam of the magneto-optical trap are obtained by a large number of atoms arriving at the cavity mode. The bunching effect of the hot atomic beam is observed at different initial temperatures. Then, in order to manipulate the single atom in the cavity and improve the time of its interaction with the cavity mode, a two dimensional double chromatic dipole trap has been built, and the insensitive cooling and capture of the single atom in the stationary wave dipole trap formed by the wavelength of the magic number is realized. By the cavity cooling mechanism, the retention time of the atom in the cavity of the cavity is about 7ms. Furthermore, in theory and experiment, the capture of atoms based on nano optical fiber is studied systematically. Finally, the scheme based on the optical cavity to achieve the breakthrough of the classical limit measurement is theoretically studied, which can guide the experiment to further improve the atomic position. In these research work, the innovative work has the following points: 1. the physical process of the atom to the micro optical cavity is established based on the atom free falling, and the whole process of the experiment is simulated by Monte Carlo method. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data, and a new measurement temperature is proposed. Method, the model is further used in the design of a new generation optical cavity in the laboratory. The design of the new cavity parameters is useful for the design of the new cavity parameters..2. based on the optical microcavity is used as a single atom microscope, the strong coupling of the different modes between the atom and the microcavity is observed through the transmission spectrum of the cavity, and the measurement precision of the single atom position is reached to the sub micron order. The statistical characteristics of the cold atoms in a magneto-optical trap, the atomic beam falling from the magneto-optical trap to the optical cavity satisfies the Bose Einstein statistical distribution, and its correlation characteristic is a typical "bunching" effect.3. using the far detuned magic number wavelength to build a standing wave dipole trap, which realizes the long time capture of the single atom in the cavity, and the cavity induced cooling is used. One step improves the retention time of the atom in the cavity, realizes the insensitive intracavity single atom cooling and capture, and the real-time observation of the.4. study using the conical nanofiber to build the dipole trap to capture the atom. It opens a new road for the manipulation of the atom, which is of great significance to the application of the quantum communication. Its advantages lie in the strong extensibility and transmission. High efficiency and miniaturized.5. research based on optical cavity, combined with non classical light (compressed vacuum state) and non Gauss measurement (photon number distinguishable detection and parity detection) to achieve a breakthrough in the classical limit of the measurement scheme, through the combination of both the realization of super-resolution and hypersensitivity detection, making it a potential quantum strategy. To achieve enhanced quantum metrology, the experiment is to try to combine the compressed vacuum state light field with the cold atom to achieve higher accuracy in measuring the motion of the atom or to obtain some new nonlinear phenomena of the system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：O413.2;O562

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本文編號(hào)：1885188