發(fā)布時間：2018-05-11 05:22

  本文選題：BDS + 在軌衛(wèi)星鐘�。� 參考：《武漢大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：我國從2004年開始啟動北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)建設(shè),經(jīng)過8年研發(fā),順利完成區(qū)域?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星星座組網(wǎng),并于2012年12月27日對外宣布提供區(qū)域?qū)Ш�、定位、授時服務(wù)。按照三步走計劃,我國將在2020年前后建成覆蓋全球的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)。GNSS系統(tǒng)性能與衛(wèi)星鐘性能以及系統(tǒng)對衛(wèi)星鐘特征參數(shù)的估計和預(yù)報能力密切相關(guān)。衛(wèi)星鐘作為GNSS系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備,是獲取高精度時頻信息的前提和條件。對北斗在軌衛(wèi)星鐘特征進行分析,并開展相應(yīng)的衛(wèi)星鐘差預(yù)報研究,是一項具有理論意義和實用價值的研究課題,對于理解北斗系統(tǒng)服務(wù)現(xiàn)狀,討論北斗系統(tǒng)服務(wù)性能優(yōu)化或改進方法具有重要意義。與地面原子鐘不同,導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星原子鐘特征分析和預(yù)報具有自己的特點：首先,衛(wèi)星原子鐘特征分析數(shù)據(jù)不能直接獲取,衛(wèi)星原子鐘特征分析通常采用由星地時間比對算法估計的衛(wèi)星鐘差數(shù)據(jù),該數(shù)據(jù)不僅包含衛(wèi)星鐘的影響,還受到時間比對算法的影響；其次,由于運行環(huán)境的不同,導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星原子鐘受衛(wèi)星軌道動力學環(huán)境的影響。星地時間比對算法包括單向和雙向兩種方式,常用的單向時間比對技術(shù)為ODTS技術(shù),雙向時間比對技術(shù)為TWTT技術(shù)。BDS系統(tǒng)采用TWTT技術(shù)進行衛(wèi)星時間與地面系統(tǒng)時間的同步,具有創(chuàng)新性和獨特性。TWTT技術(shù)與ODTS技術(shù)的不同主要體現(xiàn)在觀測數(shù)據(jù)類型、數(shù)據(jù)處理策略以及算法時間基準等方面,兩種技術(shù)估計的衛(wèi)星鐘鐘差數(shù)據(jù)具有各自不同的特點：與ODTS鐘差相比,TWTT鐘差受衛(wèi)星軌道誤差的影響較小。兩種鐘差數(shù)據(jù)的對比分析,對于識別BDS衛(wèi)星軌道及衛(wèi)星鐘差估計誤差,進而提高其估計精度具有重要意義。目前,國內(nèi)外對BDS衛(wèi)星鐘的特征分析主要集中在系統(tǒng)特征和隨機特征兩個方面,采用的數(shù)據(jù)量普遍較少,分析時間段普遍較短,尚未開展BDS衛(wèi)星鐘周期變化特征及其原因的分析工作。TWTT技術(shù)是BDS系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)新,目前利用TWTT鐘差與ODTS鐘差進行BDS衛(wèi)星鐘特征分析的工作仍然較少。國內(nèi)在衛(wèi)星鐘差預(yù)報方面的研究主要集中鐘差預(yù)報函數(shù)模型組合、鐘差隨機分量的數(shù)學方法建模等方面,在衛(wèi)星鐘隨機特征對衛(wèi)星鐘差預(yù)報模型參數(shù)估計誤差的影響方面以及衛(wèi)星鐘預(yù)報性能分析方面的研究工作相對較少。本文以BDS衛(wèi)星鐘在軌性能評估為主要目標,以在軌特征分析為主要內(nèi)容,以提高BDS衛(wèi)星鐘差預(yù)報精度為主要目的,利用ODTS及TWTT鐘差數(shù)據(jù),對BDS衛(wèi)星鐘的系統(tǒng)特征、周期變化特征、隨機特征以及可預(yù)報性能進行分析,結(jié)合BDS衛(wèi)星鐘差預(yù)報現(xiàn)狀,討論BDS鐘差預(yù)報精度優(yōu)化及改進的相關(guān)方法,對BDS系統(tǒng)性能優(yōu)化及改進具有一定的創(chuàng)新性和應(yīng)用價值。本文主要研究內(nèi)容和成果包括：1)總結(jié)了導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星鐘差估計、特征分析及預(yù)報理論與方法研究現(xiàn)狀,分析討論了ODTS及TWTT鐘差在BDS衛(wèi)星鐘特征分析、建模的作用,明確了BDS衛(wèi)星鐘特征分析、建模及衛(wèi)星鐘差預(yù)報誤差特性分析對BDS系統(tǒng)服務(wù)性能優(yōu)化和提升的重要性和必要性；2)研究了精確時間信息在GNSS系統(tǒng)中的生成與傳遞；分析了當前常用的衛(wèi)星鐘差估計算法及其數(shù)據(jù)處理策略對衛(wèi)星鐘差估值產(chǎn)生的影響；從衛(wèi)星鐘特征分析、建模及預(yù)報的角度出發(fā),確定了本文的特征分析方案及與衛(wèi)星鐘差預(yù)報有關(guān)的研究內(nèi)容;3)討論了ODTS定軌策略對衛(wèi)星鐘差估計的影響；分析了WHU-BDS精密鐘差的內(nèi)符合精度及與其他分析中心精密鐘差的符合程度；基于ODTS鐘差數(shù)據(jù),分析了BDS衛(wèi)星鐘的系統(tǒng)特征,討論了GEO/IGSO衛(wèi)星軌道長半軸變化對BDS衛(wèi)星鐘頻漂的相對論影響；分析了BDS衛(wèi)星鐘周期變化特征,研究了衛(wèi)星鐘差周期變化特征與衛(wèi)星動力學環(huán)境的相關(guān)性,討論了BDS衛(wèi)星鐘周期變化的原因；分析了BDS衛(wèi)星鐘亞天頻率穩(wěn)定性及其時變特征,冪律噪聲類型以及噪聲水平等隨機特征,從頻率穩(wěn)定性角度出發(fā),給出了BDS衛(wèi)星鐘的穩(wěn)定性分析參數(shù)；4)分析了TWTT鐘差的內(nèi)符合精度,討論了TWTT鐘差與ODTS鐘差差異的周期變化與衛(wèi)星軌道之間的相關(guān)性,得出了ODTS鐘差受衛(wèi)星軌道誤差影響的結(jié)論；基于TWTT鐘差數(shù)據(jù),分析了BDS衛(wèi)星鐘的系統(tǒng)特征、周期變化特征及隨機性特征；對比分析了TWTT中差與ODTS鐘差數(shù)據(jù)特征及其相應(yīng)的BDS衛(wèi)星鐘特征分析結(jié)果：5)基于衛(wèi)星鐘特征分析結(jié)果,定義了BDS衛(wèi)星鐘系統(tǒng)的隨機微分方程,推導(dǎo)了該微分方程的Kalman濾波解,該系統(tǒng)能夠顧及多種隨機噪聲以及衛(wèi)星鐘周期變化的影響；分別以O(shè)DTS鐘差和TWTT鐘差為觀測量,利用Kalman濾波算法估計衛(wèi)星鐘狀態(tài),取得了良好結(jié)果；利用Kalman濾波算法,實現(xiàn)了ODTS鐘差和TWTT鐘差數(shù)據(jù)的融合；6)評價了BDS廣播星歷鐘差精度,從理論角度分析了廣播星歷鐘差預(yù)報精度改進的相關(guān)方法;進行了BDS衛(wèi)星鐘差滑動擬合、預(yù)報實驗,討論了多項式模型參數(shù)估計誤差對BDS衛(wèi)星鐘差預(yù)報誤差的影響；在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計了BDS衛(wèi)星鐘差混合區(qū)間擬合預(yù)報策略；以周期項對擬合、預(yù)報結(jié)果的影響為評價標準,討論了周期項參數(shù)在BDS衛(wèi)星鐘擬合、預(yù)報數(shù)學模型中的顯著性。
[Abstract]:China started the construction of the Beidou satellite navigation system from 2004. After 8 years of research and development, we successfully completed the network of regional navigation satellite constellations, and announced the regional navigation, positioning, and time service in December 27, 2012. According to the three step plan, China will be built into the global satellite navigation system.GNSS system performance before and after 2020 and the performance of the satellite navigation system. The satellite clock performance and the system are closely related to the estimation and prediction of the characteristic parameters of the satellite clock. As the key equipment of the GNSS system, the satellite clock is the prerequisite and condition for obtaining high precision time frequency information. It is of theoretical significance and reality to analyze the characteristics of the Beidou on orbit satellite clock and to carry out the corresponding satellite clock difference prediction research. The research topic of value is of great significance for understanding the present situation of the Beidou system service and discussing the optimization or improvement method of the Beidou system service performance. Unlike the ground atomic clock, the characteristics analysis and prediction of the navigation satellite atomic clock have its own characteristics: first, the analysis data of the satellite atomic clock can not be obtained directly, and the satellite atomic clock is not available. Feature analysis usually uses satellite ground time comparison algorithm to estimate satellite clock difference data. This data not only contains the influence of satellite clock, but also influenced by time comparison algorithm. Secondly, the navigation satellite atomic clocks are affected by the dynamic environment of satellite orbit because of the different operating environment. The algorithm of satellite earth time comparison includes unidirectional and two-way. Two ways, the common one way time comparison technology is ODTS technology, the bidirectional time comparison technology is TWTT technology.BDS system using TWTT technology to synchronize the time of satellite time and ground system time. It is innovative and unique, the difference between.TWTT technology and ODTS technology is mainly embodied in the observation data type, the data processing strategy and the algorithm. The satellite clock clock difference data estimated by the two technologies have their respective characteristics: compared with the ODTS clock difference, the TWTT clock error is less affected by the satellite orbit error. The contrast analysis of the two clock difference data is of great significance for identifying the BDS satellite orbit and the satellite clock error estimation error and thus improving the estimation accuracy. The characteristics of BDS satellite clocks at home and abroad are mainly focused on two aspects of the system features and random characteristics, and the data is generally relatively short, the analysis time is generally short, and the analysis of the BDS satellite clock cycle change features and its causes is not carried out..TWTT technology is the innovation of the BDS system. At present, the TWTT clock difference and the ODTS clock difference are used to carry out BD The work of the S satellite clock feature analysis is still less. The domestic research on satellite clock difference prediction mainly focuses on the combination of clock difference prediction function model and the mathematical modeling of the clock difference random component, and the influence of the satellite clock random characteristics on the estimation error of the satellite clock difference prediction model and the performance analysis of the satellite clock prediction. The research work of the BDS satellite clock is relatively small. This paper takes the orbit performance evaluation of the BDS satellite clock as the main goal, taking the orbit characteristic analysis as the main content, in order to improve the accuracy of the BDS satellite clock difference prediction, and uses the ODTS and TWTT clock difference data to classify the system features, the periodic variation characteristics, the random characteristics and the predictability performance of the BDS satellite clock. In the light of the status of the BDS satellite clock error forecast, this paper discusses the methods of optimizing and improving the precision and improvement of the BDS clock error forecast. It has some innovation and application value for the performance optimization and improvement of the BDS system. The main contents and achievements of this paper are as follows: 1) the estimation of the clock difference of the navigation satellite, the characteristic analysis and the research status of the theory and method of prediction are summarized. The analysis of ODTS and TWTT clock difference in BDS satellite clock characteristics analysis, the role of modeling, the analysis of BDS satellite clock characteristics, modeling and satellite clock error prediction error characteristics analysis of the BDS system service performance optimization and promotion of the importance and necessity; 2) study the generation and transmission of accurate time information in the GNSS system; analysis of the present The influence of satellite clock difference estimation algorithm and data processing strategy on satellite clock difference estimation; from the angle of satellite clock feature analysis, modeling and prediction, the feature analysis scheme and the research content related to satellite clock difference prediction are determined. 3) the influence of ODTS orbit determination strategy on satellite clock error estimation is discussed. The internal coincidence precision of WHU-BDS precision clock difference and the degree of coincidence with the precision clock difference of other analysis centers are analyzed. Based on the ODTS clock difference data, the system features of the BDS satellite clock are analyzed. The relativistic influence of the long half axis change of the GEO/IGSO satellite orbit to the BDS satellite clock frequency drift is discussed. The characteristics of the BDS satellite clock cycle change are analyzed and the satellite is studied. The correlation between the periodic variation of clock difference and the dynamic environment of satellite is discussed. The reasons for the clock cycle change of BDS satellite are discussed. The random characteristics of the BDS satellite clock frequency stability and its time-varying characteristics, power law noise type and noise level are analyzed, and the stability analysis parameters of the BDS satellite clock are given from the angle of frequency stability; 4 The internal coincidence accuracy of the TWTT clock difference is analyzed, the correlation between the difference between TWTT clock difference and the ODTS clock difference and the satellite orbit is discussed. The conclusion that the ODTS clock difference is influenced by the satellite orbit error is obtained. Based on the TWTT clock difference data, the system characteristics, the periodic variation and the randomness of the BDS satellite clock are analyzed, and the T is analyzed and compared with the T. The data characteristics of difference and ODTS clock difference in WTT and its corresponding BDS satellite clock feature analysis results are as follows: 5) based on the result of the satellite clock feature analysis, the stochastic differential equation of the BDS satellite clock system is defined and the Kalman filtering solution of the differential equation is derived. The system can take account of the influence of a variety of random noise and the change of the satellite clock cycle; OD TS clock difference and TWTT clock difference are measured. The Kalman filter algorithm is used to estimate the satellite clock state, and good results are obtained. Using the Kalman filtering algorithm, the fusion of ODTS clock difference and TWTT clock difference data is realized; 6) the accuracy of the clock difference of the BDS broadcast ephemeris is evaluated, and the related methods for improving the accuracy of the clock difference prediction accuracy of the wide broadcast ephemeris are analyzed from the theoretical angle. The effect of the BDS satellite clock difference sliding fitting, the prediction experiment, the influence of the parameter estimation error of the polynomial model on the prediction error of the BDS satellite clock difference is discussed. On this basis, the fitting prediction strategy of the BDS satellite clock difference mixing interval is designed. The influence of the periodic term on the fitting and the prediction results is the evaluation criterion, and the periodic term parameters are discussed in the BDS satellite. The fitting of the clock is used to predict the significance of the mathematical model.

【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P228.4
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本文編號：1872568