本文選題：徐家圍子斷陷 + 營城組��； 參考：《吉林大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：火山巖氣藏是一種重要的非常規(guī)油氣資源,自19世紀末在美國加利福尼亞州的圣華金盆地首次發(fā)現(xiàn)火山巖油氣藏以來,相繼在全世界100多個國家地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了火山巖油氣藏�；鹕綆r油氣正成為全球油氣資源勘探開發(fā)的重要領(lǐng)域之一。近20年來,我國渤海灣、松遼、準噶爾和三塘湖等盆地相繼發(fā)現(xiàn)了多個高產(chǎn)火山巖油氣藏,這些發(fā)現(xiàn)展示出我國火山巖油氣藏巨大的勘探潛力。與未風化的火山巖相比,經(jīng)過風化改造的火山巖更易形成有利儲集層和高產(chǎn)油氣藏,因此火山巖風化殼的研究對指導火山巖油氣勘探具有重要意義。目前,關(guān)于火山巖風化殼的研究較少,在國內(nèi)主要集中在我國西北地區(qū)古生界火山巖油氣藏。前人對準噶爾盆地、三塘湖盆地火山巖風化殼孔隙成因、分布、風化殼發(fā)育模式等進行了研究,認為準噶爾盆地火山巖有利儲層區(qū)帶主要發(fā)育在火山巖的風化體淋濾帶和崩解帶,指出火山巖風化殼能夠形成良好的儲層,作為一種特殊的油氣藏類型具有重要的理論和應用價值。松遼盆地中生代火山巖風化殼與西部盆地古生代火山巖風化殼相比,在風化時間、風化殼厚度、風化殼結(jié)構(gòu)及其對儲層的影響等方面存在顯著差異,但目前對松遼盆地火山巖風化殼及其儲層意義的研究較少。本次研究以松遼盆地徐家圍子斷陷營城組火山巖為研究對象,研究目的在于探索松遼盆地中生代火山巖風化殼的識別標志,對火山巖風化殼結(jié)構(gòu)、發(fā)育模式、分布范圍及儲層特征進行深入系統(tǒng)的研究,以期指導我國東部火山巖油氣勘探與開發(fā)。本次研究通過野外剖面風化殼地質(zhì)測量、鉆井巖心觀察、巖石薄片、鑄體薄片顯微鏡觀察、全巖分析和粘土礦物掃描電鏡分析,結(jié)合測井和三維地震風化殼識別、地震正演模擬和地震屬性分析等,建立了松遼盆地徐家圍子斷陷營城組火山巖風化殼典型識別標志、風化殼結(jié)構(gòu)模式及地質(zhì)-地球物理刻畫方法;利用這些方法預測了徐家圍子斷陷營城組火山巖風化殼分布范圍。結(jié)合盆地構(gòu)造、火山巖噴發(fā)期次等特征,建立了火山巖風化殼儲層的發(fā)育模式,并預測了徐家圍子斷陷營城組火山巖風化殼儲層的分布。本次研究的創(chuàng)新點包括:1.明確了松遼盆地徐家圍子斷陷營城組火山巖風化殼的地質(zhì)與地球物理特征,指出其風化殼形成機制及其結(jié)構(gòu),總結(jié)其識別標志,最終建立徐家圍子營城組火山巖風化殼儲層發(fā)育模式。2.凝練了徐家圍子營城組風化殼儲層成因,形成了火山巖風化殼儲層預測的地質(zhì)-地球物理方法,指出風化殼儲層有利區(qū)。通過本次研究,得出以下結(jié)論與認識:1.建立了徐家圍子斷陷營城組火山巖風化殼的地質(zhì)識別標志,劃分了火山巖風化殼結(jié)構(gòu),總結(jié)了火山巖風化殼形成機制。(1)火山巖風化殼地質(zhì)識別標志有三類十一種:宏觀特征:風化粘土層標志、高角度裂縫粘土充填帶標志、溶蝕孔縫標志和杏仁構(gòu)造溶蝕標志;微觀特征:碳酸鹽化標志、濁沸石化標志、綠泥石化標志、絹云母化標志、粘土化標志和微裂縫標志;地化特征:風化指數(shù)cia50。(2)將松遼盆地徐家圍子斷陷區(qū)營城組火山巖風化殼結(jié)構(gòu)自上而下分為四層:粘土層、淋濾帶、破碎帶和母巖。淋濾帶風化淋濾蝕變作用強,溶蝕孔及裂縫發(fā)育,巖石結(jié)構(gòu)完整性差,是主要油氣儲集層;破碎帶風化淋濾蝕變作用較強,巖石半破碎,裂縫和孔隙較發(fā)育,巖石結(jié)構(gòu)較完整,是次要油氣儲集層。(3)徐家圍子營城組火山巖風化殼的形成機制:徐家圍子斷陷這種強烈斷陷作用形成的隆起凹陷構(gòu)造格局造就了火山巖風化殼的形成;受徐中和徐東走滑斷裂活動的影響,斷裂發(fā)育處的火山巖地層明顯變陡,遭受強烈的風化剝蝕作用,形成了較大厚度的火山巖風化殼;深部火山熱液沿斷裂向上運移,使得熱液蝕變影響到火山巖儲層演化,斷裂發(fā)育可以增加風化殼和有效儲層厚度。2.建立徐家圍子斷陷營城組火山巖風化殼的地球物理識別標志。(1)火山巖風化殼測井曲線特征為:井徑值較大,通常都在9~11cm以上;自然伽馬值較大,通常都在120~150api以上;聲波時差值較大,通常都在60~90usm-1以上;密度值較小,通常都在2~2.5g/cm-3以下。(2)火山巖風化殼成像測井特征為:風化殼上層和下層的FMI圖像顏色為亮黃色或暗黃色,顏色較淺,電阻率較高;而風化殼層的FMI圖像顏色為褐色或黑褐色,顏色較深,電阻率較低。當風化程度較弱時,弱風化殼層的FMI圖像顏色為暗紅色,電阻率呈中阻;當風化程度適中時,中風化層的FMI圖像顏色為紅褐色,電阻率呈中低阻;當風化程度較強時,強風化層的FMI圖像顏色為暗黑色,電阻率呈低阻。(3)火山巖風化殼地震上表現(xiàn)為強反射-連續(xù)-低頻同相軸,盆緣下部地層削截、盆內(nèi)協(xié)調(diào)。根據(jù)火山巖風化殼的地震響應特征,優(yōu)選敏感屬性——振幅和頻率屬性,在營一段風化殼層提取最大峰值振幅屬性和平均瞬時頻率屬性,預測出風化殼的分布范圍,兩種屬性預測的準確率分別為81.43%和72.86%。3.對火山巖風化殼儲層特征進行研究,建立火山巖風化殼的儲層發(fā)育模式,預測火山巖風化殼和儲層的分布范圍。(1)風化殼儲層發(fā)育大量風化作用產(chǎn)生的溶蝕孔和溶蝕縫,通過半定量計算溶蝕孔的面孔率,證實了風化作用有效增加了儲層的儲集空間,改善了儲層的物性。原生孔隙發(fā)育的火山巖,風化作用產(chǎn)生的次生孔隙更多;原生孔隙不太發(fā)育的火山巖,風化作用也會產(chǎn)生次生孔隙,但次生孔隙產(chǎn)生的較少。酸性巖比基性巖更容易被風化,這與酸性巖的結(jié)晶程度低有關(guān)。(2)建立徐家圍子火山巖風化殼儲層的兩種發(fā)育模式:古隆起發(fā)育模式和斜坡帶與凹陷并存發(fā)育模式。古隆起發(fā)育模式的風化殼結(jié)構(gòu)較完整,包括粘土層、淋濾帶、破碎帶和母巖,通常形成良好的工業(yè)氣層。斜坡帶與凹陷并存發(fā)育模式的風化殼結(jié)構(gòu)不完整,只包括淋濾帶、破碎帶和母巖,通常形成良好的工業(yè)氣層或低產(chǎn)氣層。(3)建立了火山巖風化殼的預測原則:火山巖風化殼三類十一種地質(zhì)特征、測井曲線特征、地震反射特征和地震屬性特征。預測松遼盆地徐家圍子斷陷火山巖風化殼分布范圍,利用剩余10口鉆井資料驗證預測的準確性,結(jié)果表明,絕對誤差和相對誤差較小,說明預測的準確性。最終預測風化殼儲層的有利區(qū)分布,第一類儲層集中分布在徐深地區(qū)中部,達深地區(qū)北部和西南部;第二類儲層集中分布在徐深地區(qū)東南部,達深地區(qū)中部;第三類儲層集中分布在徐深地區(qū)周邊,宋深地區(qū)和升深地區(qū)。
[Abstract]:Volcanic gas reservoir is an important and unconventional oil and gas resource. Since the first discovery of volcanic oil and gas reservoirs in the San Hua Jin basin, California, the United States of California, volcanic oil and gas reservoirs have been discovered successively in the whole world. Volcanic oil and gas are becoming one of the most important fields of oil and gas exploration and development in the world. Nearly 20 of them have been found in the world. Over the years, many high producing volcanic reservoirs have been found in the Bohai Bay, Songliao, Junggar and three Santanghu basins. These discoveries show that the volcanic rocks in China have great potential for exploration. Compared with the non weathered volcanic rocks, the weathered volcanic rocks are more likely to form favorable reservoir and high yield oil and gas reservoirs, so the volcanic rock wind is more likely to be formed. The study of the crust is of great significance to the exploration of the volcanic oil and gas exploration. At present, there are few studies on the weathering crust of volcanic rocks. In China, the Paleozoic volcanic oil and gas reservoirs are mainly concentrated in the northwest of China. The predecessors were aimed at the Junggar basin, and the distribution of the weathering crust of the volcanic rock crust in the three Santanghu basin and the model of the weathering crust development. It is considered that the favorable reservoir zone of the volcanic rocks in the Junggar basin is mainly developed in the leachate zone and disintegration zone of the weathering body of the volcanic rocks. It is pointed out that the weathering crust of the volcanic rock can form a good reservoir. As a special type of reservoir, the weathering crust of the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Songliao Basin and the Paleozoic fire in the western basin are of great importance. Compared with the weathering crust, there are significant differences in weathering time, weathering crust thickness, weathering crust structure and its influence on the reservoir, but there are few studies on the significance of the weathering crust and its reservoir in the Songliao basin. In order to guide the exploration and development of volcanic rocks in the eastern part of China, the weathering crust of the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Suo Songliao basin has been systematically studied in order to guide the exploration and development of the volcanic rocks in the eastern part of China. The typical identification marks of the weathering crust of the volcanic rock in the Xujiaweizi fault Yingcheng Formation of the Songliao Basin, the model of the weathering crust structure and the geological geophysical characterization method, are established by the thin slice microscope observation, the whole rock analysis and the scanning electron microscope analysis of clay minerals, combined with the identification of well logging and 3D seismic weathering crust, the seismic forward modeling and the seismic attribute analysis. These methods have been used to predict the distribution of the weathering crust of the volcanic rocks in the Xujiaweizi fault Yingcheng formation. The development pattern of the volcanic weathering crust reservoir is established and the distribution of the volcanic weathering crust reservoir in the Xujiaweizi fault Yingcheng formation is predicted by combining the structure of the basin and the eruption period of the volcanic rocks. The innovation points of this study include: 1. The geological and geophysical characteristics of the weathering crust of the volcanic rocks in the Xujiaweizi fault Yingcheng Formation of the Xujiaweizi, Liaozi basin, point out the mechanism and structure of its weathering crust, sum up its identification mark, and finally establish the development mode of the weathering crust of the volcanic rock of the Xujiaweizi Yingcheng Formation.2. condensing the weathering crust formation of the Xujiaweizi Yingcheng Formation, forming the weathering of the volcanic rock. The geological geophysical method of the crust reservoir prediction points out the favorable area of the weathered crust reservoir. Through this study, the following conclusions and understanding are obtained: 1. the geological identification marks of the weathering crust of the volcanic rock of the Xujiaweizi fault Yingcheng Formation are established, the weathering crust structure of the volcanic rocks is divided and the formation mechanism of the weathering crust of the volcanic rocks is summarized. (1) the weathering crust of the volcanic rocks. There are three categories and eleven kinds of qualitative identification marks: macroscopical characteristics: weathered clay marker, high angle fractured clay filling belt sign, dissolution seal mark and almond structural dissolution mark; microfeature: carbonation mark, turbid petrochemistry sign, green mud petrifaction mark, sericite mark, clay mark and micro fissure sign; geochemistry characteristic: weathering finger Cia50. (2) divides the weathering crust of the Yingcheng Group of Yingcheng Formation in the Xujiaweizi faulted area of Songliao basin into four layers: clay layer, leachate zone, broken zone and parent rock. The weathering leaching alteration of the leachate zone is strong, the dissolution pores and cracks are developed, the integrity of the rock structure is poor, the main oil and gas reservoir is the rock structure, and the weathering leaching alteration effect of the broken zone is stronger. The rock is semi fractured, the fracture and pore are more developed, and the rock structure is more complete. (3) the formation mechanism of the weathering crust of the volcanic rock of Xujiaweizi Yingcheng Formation: the formation of the uplift depression formed by the strong fault depression of Xujiaweizi fault depression has formed the formation of the volcanic rocks of the volcanic rocks; it is active by the Xu Zhonghe Xu Dong strike slip fault. The volcanic rocks in the fault development area are obviously steepening and subjected to strong weathering and denudation, forming a large thickness volcanic weathering crust, and the deep volcanic hydrothermal fluid moves upward along the fault, which causes the hydrothermal alteration to affect the evolution of the volcanic reservoir. The fracture development can increase the weathering crust and the effective reservoir thickness.2. to establish the Xujiaweizi break. The geophysical identification mark of the weathering crust of the volcanic rock of the Yingcheng formation. (1) the logging curve of the weathering crust of the volcanic rock is that the well diameter is larger and usually above 9~11cm; the natural gamma value is larger than 120~150api; the acoustic wave time difference is large, usually above 60~90us? M-1; the density is smaller, usually below 2~2.5g/cm-3. (2) fire. (2) fire The imaging logging of the weathering crust of the weathered crust is that the FMI image of the upper and lower layers of the weathered crust is bright yellow or dark yellow, and the color is relatively shallow and the resistivity is high, while the FMI image of the weathered shell is brown or dark brown, the color is deep, and the resistivity is low. When the weathering degree is weak, the FMI image of the weakly weathered shell is dark red and resistivity. When the weathering degree is moderate, the FMI image of the medium weathered layer is reddish brown and the resistivity is low resistance. When the weathering degree is strong, the FMI image of the strong weathering layer is dark black and the resistivity is low resistance. (3) the weathering crust of the volcanic rock is characterized by strong reflection continuous low frequency phase axis, the lower part of the basin margin and the coordination in the basin. According to the seismic response characteristics of the weathering crust of volcanic rocks, the sensitivity properties, amplitude and frequency properties are selected, the maximum peak amplitude attribute and the average instantaneous frequency attribute are extracted from the weathered shell of the camp a section, and the distribution range of the weathering crust is predicted. The accuracy of the two attributes prediction is 81.43% and 72.86%.3., respectively, for the characteristics of the volcanic weathering crust reservoir. The reservoir development model of volcanic weathering crust is established, and the distribution range of weathering crust and reservoir of volcanic rocks is predicted. (1) the weathering crust of weathering crust is developed by a large number of weathering corrosion holes and dissolution joints. By semi quantitative calculation of the face rate of the dissolved pores, it is proved that the weathering is used to effectively increase the reservoir space and improve the reservoir. Physical properties. Primary pore developed volcanic rocks, more secondary pores produced by weathering; volcanic rocks with less developed primary pores, secondary pores produced by weathering, but less secondary pores. Acid rocks are more easily weathered than basic rocks. (2) the establishment of the Xujiaweizi volcanic rock wind The two development modes of the crust reservoir: the ancient uplift development model and the coexistence of slope belt and depression. The weathering crust of the paleo uplift model is more complete, including clay layer, leachate zone, broken zone and parent rock, usually forming a good industrial gas reservoir. The weathering crusts of the slope zone and the depression and development model are incomplete, only including the drenching. The filter belt, the broken zone and the parent rock usually form a good industrial gas reservoir or low production gas reservoir. (3) the prediction principle of the weathering crust of the volcanic rocks is established: eleven types of geological features of the volcanic weathering crust, three types of geological characteristics, the characteristics of logging curves, seismic reflection and seismic attributes, and the prediction of the distribution of the weathering crust of the volcanic rock of the Songliao Basin, Xujiaweizi, and the use of the weathering crust of the Songliao Basin The remaining 10 drilling data verify the accuracy of the prediction. The results show that the absolute error and relative error are small, indicating the accuracy of the prediction. Finally, the favorable distribution of the weathered crust reservoir is predicted. The first kind of reservoir is concentrated in the middle of Xuzhou area, North and southwest of the deep area, and the second kind of reservoir is concentrated in the southeast of Xuzhou area. In the central part of the Darshan area, the third types of reservoirs are concentrated in the vicinity of the Xushen area, the song Shen area and the deep area.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P618.13

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