本文選題：臭氧柱總量 + 平流層臭氧��； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：過(guò)去幾十年,全球臭氧柱總量(Total Ozone Column,TOC)大體經(jīng)歷了先減小后增加的變化趨勢(shì)。但是,不同緯度和不同高度的臭氧恢復(fù)速率存在顯著的差異。氣候系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部變率、氣候變化以及人類排放會(huì)對(duì)臭氧的長(zhǎng)期變化造成重要的影響,這使得我們對(duì)未來(lái)臭氧變化趨勢(shì)的評(píng)估存在較大的不確定性。一般而言,氣候系統(tǒng)變率和氣候變化與下墊面強(qiáng)迫變化(如海溫、陸溫和海冰的變化)存在緊密的聯(lián)系。本文利用多種再分析資料和臭氧觀測(cè)資料,結(jié)合全球大氣化學(xué)氣候模式,研究了過(guò)去30年氣候變化背景下,北半球不同緯度帶下墊面強(qiáng)迫的變化對(duì)北半球TOC的影響并討論了相關(guān)的物理機(jī)制,得到以下主要結(jié)論:1.熱帶地區(qū)ENSO型海溫變化會(huì)對(duì)北半球中緯度臭氧造成顯著的影響,即El Ni?o事件會(huì)造成冬春季北太平洋、美國(guó)南部、北非東部和東亞地區(qū)的TOC相比氣候平均值異常偏高,而使得中歐和北大西洋地區(qū)的TOC異常偏低;La Ni?a事件對(duì)北半球中緯度臭氧的影響幾乎與El Ni?o型海溫的影響相反。整體而言,在北半球冬春季,ENSO型海溫變化對(duì)北半球中緯度TOC年際變率的貢獻(xiàn)可達(dá)20-30%,其中在北太平洋區(qū)域甚至可達(dá)50%。ENSO型海溫變化主要通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)中緯度行星波和對(duì)流層頂高度來(lái)影響北半球中緯度臭氧分布。在ENSO期間赤道中東太平洋深對(duì)流活動(dòng)異常,在上對(duì)流層激發(fā)異常的行星波波列傳向中緯度地區(qū),這些傳播的行星波波列可分為沿北太平洋-北美大陸傳播的長(zhǎng)波波列和沿著北非-東亞急流帶傳播的短波波列,它們可以通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)中緯度對(duì)流層頂高度和上對(duì)流層下平流層(Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere,UTLS)區(qū)域的局地環(huán)流影響UTLS內(nèi)的臭氧濃度,最終改變臭氧的垂直分布并造成TOC的變化。另外,El Ni?o(La Ni?a)事件會(huì)使得北太平洋和美國(guó)南部西風(fēng)急流增強(qiáng)(減弱),進(jìn)而造成急流北側(cè)的天氣尺度Rossby波破碎頻率相應(yīng)增加(減少),造成更強(qiáng)(弱)的渦動(dòng)次級(jí)環(huán)流,最終導(dǎo)致TOC的增加(減小)。上述的這些過(guò)程也造成了中國(guó)地區(qū)TOC和地表晴空紫外輻射強(qiáng)度對(duì)ENSO事件響應(yīng)的異常中心從冬季位于中國(guó)南部到夏季向北移動(dòng)至中國(guó)北方,同時(shí)強(qiáng)ENSO事件可引起冬季長(zhǎng)江中下游和春季青藏高原西北部6-10%地表晴空紫外輻射強(qiáng)度的變化。2.在中緯度地區(qū),“冷海洋-暖大陸”(Cold-Ocean Warm Land,COWL)和北太平洋(North Pacific,NP)型遙相關(guān)的變化對(duì)應(yīng)著過(guò)去30年間阿留申低壓、冰島低壓和亞速爾高壓的減弱,這些系統(tǒng)的變化呈現(xiàn)很強(qiáng)的正壓結(jié)構(gòu),從對(duì)流層低層一直延伸至平流層低層,而下平流層(70-300 h Pa)位勢(shì)高度的變化直接造成了TOC出現(xiàn)緯向非均勻變化特征,即1979-2010年期間,北太平洋上空TOC一直呈現(xiàn)負(fù)趨勢(shì),而北美大陸上空的TOC則為正趨勢(shì)。資料診斷和WACCM3模式模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)一步表明,北太平洋和大西洋海溫的變化可以通過(guò)影響COWL和NP型遙相關(guān)對(duì)北半球中緯度臭氧緯向非均勻分布造成顯著影響。本文研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)高原冬春季地表增暖引起的對(duì)流層頂抬升和與之伴隨的熱帶地區(qū)低濃度臭氧空氣向高原輸送增多,共同造成了2000-2009年間高原冬春季“臭氧低谷”的顯著加深,高原地表增暖引起的熱力、動(dòng)力過(guò)程變化造成了過(guò)去30年冬季高原TOC約50%的減小。3.在高緯度和北極地區(qū),2000年代北極海冰尤其是巴倫支海-喀拉海地區(qū)的海冰相比1980年代明顯減少,以及過(guò)去幾十年內(nèi)歐亞大陸積雪的增加,共同造成歐亞大陸北側(cè)海域?qū)α鲗又邢聦訙囟壬?產(chǎn)生更多的斜壓波動(dòng)造成歐亞大陸一側(cè)的低平流層出現(xiàn)冷性渦旋,最終導(dǎo)致近10年晚冬(2月)的北極極渦向歐亞大陸偏移。極渦向歐亞大陸偏移后,極渦內(nèi)部具有高濃度活性溴氯的空氣被輸送至歐亞大陸上空,引起了該地區(qū)平流層臭氧化學(xué)損耗的加強(qiáng),使得該地區(qū)冬季TOC的下降趨勢(shì)強(qiáng)于同緯度其他地區(qū)。4.論文最后研究了北極濤動(dòng)(Arctic Oscillation,AO)對(duì)北半球TOC和平流層臭氧的影響,結(jié)果表明,相比AO負(fù)位相時(shí)期,AO正位相下,北半球中高緯度平流層臭氧存在三個(gè)負(fù)異常中心,分別位于極地中平流層、UTLS區(qū)域和中緯度UTLS區(qū)域,這些異常中心在冬春季最強(qiáng)。其中,極地中平流層臭氧的負(fù)異常中心主要是由于Brewer-Dobson(BD)環(huán)流的經(jīng)向輸送減弱造成的,而極地UTLS區(qū)域臭氧的負(fù)異常中心則主要是由對(duì)流層頂高度異常抬升、BD環(huán)流垂直輸送項(xiàng)減弱、中高緯度與極區(qū)的空氣交換減弱以及異相化學(xué)反應(yīng)增強(qiáng)等共同作用所造成的。中緯度UTLS區(qū)域臭氧的負(fù)異常中心則主要是由于臭氧空氣從中緯度向熱帶地區(qū)渦動(dòng)傳輸過(guò)程增強(qiáng)導(dǎo)致的;相比之下,從極地平流層傳輸至中緯度的低濃度臭氧空氣貢獻(xiàn)較小。
[Abstract]:In the past few decades, the global ozone column (Total Ozone Column, TOC) has generally experienced a trend to decrease first and then increase. However, there are significant differences in the rate of ozone recovery at different latitudes and at different heights. The internal variability of the climate system, climate change and human emissions will have an important effect on the long-term changes in ozone. There is a large uncertainty in our assessment of future trends in ozone change. In general, there is a close relationship between climate system variability and climate change and the underlying surface coercion (such as sea temperature, land mild sea ice). Under the background of climate change over the past 30 years, the effects of the forced changes in the lower latitudes of the northern hemisphere on the TOC in the northern hemisphere and the related physical mechanisms are discussed. The following main conclusions are obtained: 1. the changes in the ENSO type SEA SST in the tropics will cause significant impact on the mid latitude ozone in the northern hemisphere, that is, the El Ni? O event will cause the North Pacific in the winter and spring season, Compared to the TOC in the south, North Africa, East and East Asia, the average climate of the North Atlantic and North Atlantic is abnormally high, but the TOC in central and North Atlantic regions is abnormally low; the effect of La Ni a on the middle latitude ozone in the northern hemisphere is almost the opposite of the El Ni? O type sea temperature. In the winter and spring of the northern hemisphere, the change of ENSO type to the middle latitude of the northern hemisphere. The contribution of the interannual variability of degree TOC can reach 20-30%. In the North Pacific region even the 50%.ENSO type SEA SST changes mainly by adjusting the mid latitude planetary and tropospheric heights to affect the mid latitude ozone distribution in the northern hemisphere. During the ENSO, the deep convection in the equatorial Middle East Pacific is abnormal and the anomalous planetary wave excite in the upper troposphere. In the middle latitudes, these propagating planetary waves can be divided into long wave columns along the North Pacific and the North American continent and short waves propagating along the North Africa East Asia jet zone. They can be used to regulate the position of the upper tropospheric top and the upper troposphere (Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere, UTLS) region. The surface circulation affects the ozone concentration in UTLS, eventually changing the vertical distribution of ozone and causing the change of TOC. In addition, the El Ni? O (La Ni? A) event will increase the North Pacific and the southern United States westerly jet (weakened), and then cause the frequency of the weather in the north side of the jet to increase (decrease) and cause a stronger (weak) vortex subprime. The circulation, which eventually leads to the increase (decrease) of TOC. These processes also cause the abnormal center of the TOC and the surface clear air ultraviolet radiation intensity to the ENSO event from the southern part of China to the north in the summer, and the strong ENSO event can cause the winter of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the northwest of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in winter 6 The changes in the intensity of -10% surface clear air ultraviolet radiation.2. in the middle latitudes, "Cold Ocean warm continent" (Cold-Ocean Warm Land, COWL) and the North Pacific (North Pacific, NP) type teleconnection corresponding to the abate of Aleutian low, Iceland low pressure and altore high pressure in the past 30 years, and the changes of these systems present a strong positive pressure structure. From the lower troposphere to the lower stratosphere, the lower stratosphere (70-300 h Pa) potential height changes directly caused the zonal inhomogeneous variation of TOC. That is, during the 1979-2010 year period, the TOC over the North Pacific has been showing a negative trend, while the TOC over the North American continent is a positive trend. Data diagnosis and WACCM3 model simulation results are found. It is further indicated that the changes in sea temperature in the North Pacific and the Atlantic can affect the non-uniform distribution of ozone zonal distribution in the middle latitudes of the northern hemisphere by affecting the teleconnection of the COWL and NP types. The increase has resulted in a remarkable increase in the winter and spring "Ozone Valley" of the plateau in the past 2000-2009 years, the heat caused by the plateau surface warming, and the change of the dynamic process caused by the decrease of TOC about 50% of the plateau in the past 30 years in the high latitudes and the Arctic region, and in 2000s the Arctic sea ice was especially 198 compared to the sea ice in the Barents Kara Sea region. The decrease in 0s and the increase of snow in Eurasia in the past few decades have resulted in the increase of the lower layer temperature in the troposphere in the north of Eurasia, resulting in more baroclinic fluctuations that cause cold vortices in the low stratosphere on the Eurasian continent and eventually lead to the polar vortex in the last 10 years (February) to the Eurasian continent. After the migration to Eurasia, the air with high concentration of active bromide in the polar vortex is transported over the Eurasian continent, causing the enhancement of the ozone chemical loss in the stratosphere of the region, which makes the TOC decline in winter in the region stronger than the.4. paper in the other latitudes at the end of the study of the Arctic Oscillation (Arctic Oscillation, AO) to the northern hemisphere TOC The effect of ozone in the peace flow layer shows that there are three negative anomalous centers in the middle and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere compared with the negative phase of the AO negative phase, in the middle and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere, which are located in the polar middle advection layer, the UTLS region and the middle latitude UTLS region, which are the strongest in the winter and spring, and the negative center of the ozone in the polar middle stratosphere is the main center. If the meridional transport of the Brewer-Dobson (BD) circulation is weakened, the negative center of ozone in the polar UTLS region is mainly caused by the abnormal uplift of the tropospheric top, the weakening of the vertical transport term of the BD circulation, the weakening of the air exchange in the middle and high latitudes and the increase of the chemical reaction in the polar region, and the middle latitude UTLS. The negative anomaly center of regional ozone is mainly due to the enhancement of the ozone air from the middle latitude to the tropical zone. In contrast, the low concentration ozone air from the polar stratosphere to the middle latitude contributes less.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P467;P402
，

本文編號(hào)：1857650