本文選題：造波機(jī) + 主動(dòng)吸收　； 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：在海岸工程和海洋工程等領(lǐng)域中,物理模型試驗(yàn)是研究問(wèn)題的一種重要手段和方法。但是在實(shí)施試驗(yàn)的過(guò)程中,水槽或水池等設(shè)施與真實(shí)的海洋環(huán)境相比存在著一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題——二次反射。二次反射波是指造波機(jī)產(chǎn)生的行進(jìn)波在遇到高反射率模型后產(chǎn)生反射波,該反射波傳向造波板后產(chǎn)生二次反射波并疊加到行進(jìn)波中。一段時(shí)間后,反射波在模型和造波機(jī)之間不斷產(chǎn)生和傳播,此時(shí)所得的測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)不能準(zhǔn)確的反應(yīng)波浪對(duì)建筑物的作用。為此,研究人員提出了一種利用造波機(jī)在產(chǎn)生波浪的同時(shí)吸收反射波的方法,稱之為“主動(dòng)吸收”。這類造波機(jī)可根據(jù)水動(dòng)力學(xué)的反饋信息,通過(guò)控制系統(tǒng)以數(shù)學(xué)模型來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)造波板運(yùn)動(dòng),達(dá)到消除反射波的作用。不但如此,主動(dòng)吸收技術(shù)還可以有效避免水槽和水池內(nèi)的共振現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生,極大的縮短兩次實(shí)驗(yàn)間的靜水時(shí)間,并減少偽諧波的產(chǎn)生。目前對(duì)主動(dòng)吸收技術(shù)的研究并未完善,尤其是對(duì)三維造波機(jī)主動(dòng)吸收技術(shù)的研究屬起步階段。因此,開展造波機(jī)主動(dòng)吸收技術(shù)的研究,在模型實(shí)驗(yàn)領(lǐng)域有重要意義。本文以線性造波理論為基礎(chǔ),針對(duì)規(guī)則波的單頻率特點(diǎn),給出了二維規(guī)則波主動(dòng)吸收造波板沖程解的離散形式。在原有的造波機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)上搭建了吸收式造波機(jī)系統(tǒng),并通過(guò)物理實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了該離散解對(duì)規(guī)則波吸收的有效性,其波高穩(wěn)定性誤差小于6%。針對(duì)該過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的造波板漂移現(xiàn)象,可采用一階高通濾波的方法濾除造波信號(hào)中的低頻長(zhǎng)波。針對(duì)不規(guī)則波的多頻率特點(diǎn),給出了二維不規(guī)則波主動(dòng)吸收造波板沖程的頻域解。通過(guò)對(duì)傳遞函數(shù)的頻率特性分析得出傳遞函數(shù)在零頻率的無(wú)窮大幅值易于引起造波板的漂移,并給出了消除造波板漂移的傳遞函數(shù)修正方法。由于該傳遞函數(shù)無(wú)解析解,本文采用一維數(shù)字濾波器逼近傳遞函數(shù)頻率特性的方法,將頻域傳遞函數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為時(shí)域線性差分方程�；贗IR濾波器模型,提出了一種遞歸重加權(quán)最小二乘法求解模型逼近問(wèn)題,結(jié)果表明該方法較常規(guī)最小二乘法可將逼近精度提高約3倍。為提高系統(tǒng)的吸收效率和波浪模擬精度,針對(duì)控制系統(tǒng)中各個(gè)環(huán)路存在的延時(shí),提出了更加精確的帶延時(shí)補(bǔ)償?shù)闹鲃?dòng)吸收控制方程。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明其較非延時(shí)補(bǔ)償在波浪精度上有明顯改善,并提高了系統(tǒng)在小周期波浪下的穩(wěn)定性,擴(kuò)大了系統(tǒng)主動(dòng)吸收的頻率適用范圍。在三維水池造波機(jī)主動(dòng)吸收方面,給出了帶延時(shí)補(bǔ)償?shù)娜S主動(dòng)吸收造波板沖程的頻域解。由于三維主動(dòng)吸收傳遞函數(shù)幅值特性和相位特性的空間復(fù)雜性,模型逼近精度難以保證。本文提出了更加穩(wěn)定有效的基于二維吸收傳遞函數(shù)與三維修正函數(shù)的模型,并給出了一種通過(guò)造波板前波高數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)估計(jì)反射波主方向角的角度估計(jì)方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了造波機(jī)完全三維主動(dòng)吸收。通過(guò)建立三維物理實(shí)驗(yàn),考慮不同周期、角度的入射波浪,驗(yàn)證了該方法在水池吸收中的有效性和精度。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,本文方法可使用于實(shí)際三維物理模型實(shí)驗(yàn),能夠保證實(shí)驗(yàn)精度的提升。
[Abstract]:In the fields of coastal engineering and marine engineering, the physical model test is an important means and method to study the problem. But in the process of carrying out the test, there is a major problem in comparison with the real marine environment, such as the water tank or the pool, and the two reflection. The two counter wave is the traveling wave produced by the wave maker. The reflection wave is generated after the high reflectivity model. The reflected wave is transmitted to the wave maker and produces two reflection waves and superposed into the traveling wave. After a period of time, the reflected wave is produced and propagate between the model and the wave maker, and the measured data can not accurately reflect the effect of wave on the building. Using the wave maker to absorb the reflected wave at the same time, it is called "active absorption". This kind of wave maker can drive the wave plate motion by the control system by the feedback information of hydrodynamics and control the motion of the wave plate by the control system. Not only so, the active absorption technology can also effectively avoid the water tank and water. The resonance phenomenon in the pool can greatly shorten the hydrostatic time between the two experiments and reduce the generation of the pseudo harmonic. At present, the research on the active absorption technology is not perfect, especially the research on the active absorption technology of the three-dimensional wave maker. Therefore, the research on the main dynamic absorption technology of the wave maker is heavy in the field of model experiments. In this paper, based on the linear wave making theory, the discrete form of the two dimensional regular wave active absorption wave plate is given. The absorption type wave maker system is built on the original wave maker control system, and the validity of the discrete solution to the regular wave absorption is verified by the physical experiment. The wave height stability error is less than 6%. in response to the wave plate drift in the process. The first order high pass filter can be used to filter the low frequency long wave in the wave making signal. According to the multi frequency characteristic of irregular wave, the frequency domain solution of the two-dimensional irregular wave active absorption wave plate is given. It is concluded that the infinite large value of the transfer function at zero frequency can easily cause the drift of the wave plate, and gives the correction method of the transfer function to eliminate the drift of the wave plate. Because the transfer function has no analytical solution, the frequency domain transfer function is converted into a linear difference time domain by a one dimensional digital filter. Based on the IIR filter model, a recursive heavy weighted least square method is proposed to solve the model approximation problem. The results show that the method can improve the approximation accuracy by about 3 times compared with the conventional least square method. In order to improve the absorption efficiency and wave simulation accuracy of the system, it is more accurate for the delay of each loop in the control system. The active absorption control equation with time delay compensation has been proved to be better than the non delay compensation in the wave precision, and the stability of the system under the small periodic wave is improved and the frequency range of active absorption of the system is enlarged. The three-dimensional active absorption with delay compensation is given in the active absorption of the three-dimensional pool maker. Due to the spatial complexity of the amplitude and phase characteristics of the three dimensional active absorption transfer function, the approximation accuracy of the model is difficult to guarantee. In this paper, a more stable and effective model based on the two-dimensional absorption transfer function and the three-dimensional correction function is proposed, and a real-time estimation of the front wave height data of the wave plate is given. An angle estimation method for the main direction angle of the reflected wave is used to realize the full three-dimensional active absorption of the wave maker. By establishing a three-dimensional physical experiment and considering the incident waves of different periods and angles, the validity and accuracy of the method in the absorption of the water pool are verified. The experimental results show that the method can be used in the actual three-dimensional physical model experiment. To improve the accuracy of the experiment.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P75;P731.2
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本文編號(hào)：1821553