發(fā)布時間：2018-04-25 13:28

  本文選題：混合震源采集 + 混合震源觀測系統(tǒng)��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：混合震源采集技術(shù)(也稱多震源混合采集)具有改善成像質(zhì)量、提高采集作業(yè)效率的優(yōu)勢,自形成伊始就受到了學(xué)者們和各大油氣公司的青睞。但混合震源采集引入的混合噪聲、混合震源觀測系統(tǒng)中比傳統(tǒng)采集可記錄更多信息的道集的缺失以及其它隨機噪聲嚴重影響了地震數(shù)據(jù)的信噪比;在常規(guī)震源混合采集理論上發(fā)展的變頻震源采集技術(shù)具有以更簡單、更保真的方式實現(xiàn)寬頻采集的優(yōu)勢,但采用一般方法分離混合波場時,分離信噪比將受到影響;由于震源激發(fā)方式和采集成本的制約,海洋混合震源采集的發(fā)展速度遠慢于陸地。鑒于混合震源采集技術(shù)發(fā)展中遇到的上述限制,本文對混合震源采集技術(shù)作了系統(tǒng)研究:針對海洋混合采集開展了混合震源采集基本理論、波場分離方法以及變頻震源混合采集技術(shù)的研究,并首次在國內(nèi)開展了海洋混合震源采集及混合數(shù)據(jù)處理研究,為未來海洋混合震源采集技術(shù)的產(chǎn)業(yè)化提供了理論支持與技術(shù)儲備。本文分別從觀測系統(tǒng)和數(shù)學(xué)物理兩個角度闡釋了混合震源采集的基本原理,通過引入合成震源算子和面源的概念,類比地闡釋了混合震源算子和混合震源的原理。并解釋了震源密度比和采集時間比兩個重要參數(shù),二者分別量化了混合震源觀測系統(tǒng)提高空間采樣率和采集效率的優(yōu)勢。按照混合算子的類型將混合震源采集分為“適定型混合震源采集”和“欠定型混合震源采集”,從數(shù)學(xué)角度分析了兩類采集方式的數(shù)據(jù)混合形式以及對相應(yīng)波場分離方法的影響。同時闡述了海洋多船混合震源和單船混合震源觀測系統(tǒng),并對兩類觀測系統(tǒng)開展了正演模擬。分別從理論和震源數(shù)據(jù)響應(yīng)的角度介紹了“偽分離”的概念,其在波場分離及后續(xù)常規(guī)處理中有規(guī)則化數(shù)據(jù)及校驗混合震源編碼的作用。本文提出將混合噪聲的去除、缺失道集的插值以及隨機噪音的衰減描述為同類反問題,將其統(tǒng)一在一個稀疏反演框架內(nèi)同時求解,在改善混合震源數(shù)據(jù)信噪比的同時提高了數(shù)據(jù)的處理效率。將統(tǒng)一在同一反演框架內(nèi)的此三類問題納入L1范數(shù)約束的正則化模型,并將快速迭代收縮閾值算法引入正則化模型的求解中,該算法在保留了收縮閾值算法實現(xiàn)簡單的優(yōu)點的同時提高了運算效率,通過模擬數(shù)據(jù)和實際數(shù)據(jù)的分離結(jié)果驗證了算法的有效性。本文提出基于壓縮小波變換的變頻震源混合波場分離方法,在震源頻譜重合度較高的情況下,獲得了高質(zhì)量的分離信噪比,同時提高了分離效率。受采集裝備或者采集環(huán)境的約束,寬頻采集將復(fù)雜化震源端或整個觀測系統(tǒng),在常規(guī)震源混合采集基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展的變頻震源采集,通過利用多個主頻不同的窄頻帶震源代替單獨使用寬頻震源,可以在采集裝備技術(shù)復(fù)雜程度更低的條件下解決寬頻采集問題。本文分析了變頻震源混合采集在海洋和陸地寬頻采集中的應(yīng)用及發(fā)展趨勢。變頻震源混合采集可進一步拓展為分散式混合采集,其在具備前者優(yōu)勢的同時還具有作業(yè)簡單、高效采集的特點。然而,當(dāng)變頻震源混合波場數(shù)據(jù)采用一般方法分離時,分離信噪比將在一定程度上低于常規(guī)震源混合采集,針對變頻震源混合采集子震源時頻差異性的特點,本文提出了基于壓縮小波變換的波場分離方法,通過模擬算例證明其具有高質(zhì)量的分離信噪比及高效運算的優(yōu)勢。鑒于混合震源編碼直接影響后續(xù)波場分離質(zhì)量,本文重點研究了影響混合震源編碼的兩個主要因素,即激發(fā)時間的隨機延時范圍和最小激發(fā)時間間隔,并結(jié)合我國首次海洋拖纜混合震源2D、3D采集的觀測系統(tǒng)和作業(yè)任務(wù),研究出了最佳混合震源編碼的設(shè)計方法。通過與傳統(tǒng)采集數(shù)據(jù)的常規(guī)處理方法的融合研究,針對我國首次采集到的海洋混合震源數(shù)據(jù),研究設(shè)計了一套混合波場數(shù)據(jù)處理模式,開展了混合震源數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理、分離及偏移成像。并在同等的計算機硬件、軟件及參數(shù)條件下,與同一地區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)震源采集數(shù)據(jù)開展了同步處理,通過偏移成像結(jié)果對比,本文提出的混合采集數(shù)據(jù)分離方法及數(shù)據(jù)處理模式的正確有效性得到了進一步證實。本文提出了混合波場分離中預(yù)先衰減直達波噪聲的新方法,提高了分離信號的保真度,減少了有效信號能量的遺漏,將分離信噪比提升至了傳統(tǒng)方法的一倍左右。
[Abstract]:Mixed source acquisition technology (also called multi source mixed acquisition) has the advantage of improving the imaging quality and improving the efficiency of the collection operation. Since the beginning of the formation, it has been favored by scholars and the major oil and gas companies. But mixed source collection is introduced by mixed source of noise, and the mixed seismic source observation system can record more information than traditional collection. The loss and other random noise seriously affect the signal to noise ratio of seismic data; the frequency conversion source acquisition technology developed in the conventional source mixed acquisition theory has the advantage of realizing broadband acquisition in a simpler and more fidelity way, but the separation signal to noise ratio will be affected when the mixed wave field is separated by the general method; the source excitation side is due to the source of the seismic source. In view of the above constraints encountered in the development of mixed seismic source acquisition technology, this paper makes a systematic study of the mixed seismic source acquisition technology. The basic theory of mixed seismic source acquisition, wave field separation method and frequency conversion source mixing are carried out in this paper in view of the mixed seismic source acquisition technology. The study of collection technology and the study of mixed data acquisition and mixed data processing have been carried out in China for the first time. It provides theoretical support and technical reserve for the industrialization of future marine mixed seismic source acquisition technology. This paper explains the basic principle of mixed seismic source acquisition from two angles of observation system and mathematics physics. The concept of synthetic source operator and surface source is introduced, and the principle of mixed source operator and mixed source are explained by analogy, and two important parameters are explained by the density ratio of the source and the time of acquisition, and the advantages of the mixed seismic source observation system to improve the spatial sampling rate and the acquisition efficiency are quantified respectively. The mixed seismic source is based on the type of mixing operator. The collection is divided into "the collection of the suitable mixed source" and "the collection of the unstructured mixed source". From the mathematical point of view, the data mixing form of the two kinds of collection methods and the influence on the corresponding wave field separation methods are analyzed. At the same time, the marine multi ship mixed seismic source and the single ship mixed seismic source observation system are expounded, and the two kinds of observation systems are carried out. This paper introduces the concept of "pseudo separation" from the perspective of theory and source data response respectively. It has regularized data in wave field separation and subsequent conventional processing. This paper proposes the removal of mixed noise, the interpolation of the missing path set and the attenuation of random noise as the same inverse problem. It is solved simultaneously in a sparse inversion framework, improving the data processing efficiency while improving the signal to noise ratio of the mixed seismic source data. The three kinds of problems which are unified in the same inversion framework are incorporated into the regularization model of the L1 norm constraint, and the fast iterative shrinkage threshold algorithm is introduced to the solution of the regularization model. The effectiveness of the algorithm is improved by preserving the simple advantages of the shrinkage threshold algorithm, and the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by the results of the separation of simulated data and actual data. This paper presents a hybrid wave field separation method based on the compressed wavelet transform, which has high quality in the case of high frequency coincidence of the source spectrum. It can separate the signal to noise ratio and improve the separation efficiency. Under the constraints of the acquisition equipment or the acquisition environment, the wide-band acquisition will combine the complex source end or the whole observation system, and collect the frequency conversion source on the basis of the conventional source mixed collection. This paper analyzes the application and development trend of the mixed acquisition of frequency conversion source in ocean and land wide frequency acquisition. The mixed acquisition of frequency conversion source can be further extended to disperse mixed collection, which has the advantages of the former with simple operation and high efficiency. However, when the mixed wave field data of the frequency conversion source is separated by the general method, the separation signal to noise ratio will be lower to a certain extent than the conventional source mixed collection. In view of the characteristic of the time frequency difference of the source mixture of the frequency conversion source, a wave field separation method based on the compression wavelet transform is proposed in this paper, which is proved by a simulation example. It has the advantages of high quality separation signal noise ratio and high efficient operation. In view of the direct influence of the hybrid source code on the separation quality of the subsequent wave field, this paper focuses on two main factors affecting the coding of the hybrid source, namely the random time delay range of the excitation time and the minimum time interval of excitation, and combined with the first marine towing hybrid source of 2 in China. D, 3D collected the observation system and the task task, and studied the design method of the best hybrid source coding. Through the fusion of conventional processing methods with traditional data acquisition, a set of mixed wave field data processing mode was designed and designed for the first collection of marine mixed seismic source data in China, and the data pre location of mixed source was carried out. Under the same computer hardware, software and parameter conditions, the traditional seismic source acquisition data in the same area are synchronized with the same area. The correctness and validity of the mixed acquisition data separation method and data processing model proposed in this paper are further confirmed by the comparison of the migration imaging results. A new method to attenuate the direct wave noise in the mixed wave field separation is proposed, which improves the fidelity of the separation signal, reduces the leakage of the effective signal energy, and improves the separation signal to noise ratio to about twice the traditional method.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P631.46

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