發(fā)布時間：2018-04-16 09:36

  本文選題：海氣熱通量 + 潛熱通量��； 參考：《中國科學技術大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：海氣界面熱通量對大氣和海洋環(huán)流、大氣-海洋淡水循環(huán)起著至關重要的作用。研究其物理機制和變化形態(tài)對于理解和數(shù)值化模擬動態(tài)的大氣-海洋過程有著非常核心的意義。本博士論文使用觀測數(shù)據(jù)、再分析數(shù)據(jù)和氣候模式輸出數(shù)據(jù)研究了包括海表蒸發(fā)、潛熱通量、凈熱通量等海氣通量的變化、趨勢及氣候效應,并探討了對應的模式模擬誤差的可能來源。根據(jù)伍茲霍爾海洋研究所(WHOI)的客觀分析海氣通量項目提供的OAFlux數(shù)據(jù),全球海表蒸發(fā)量在1999-2000年發(fā)生年代際趨勢轉變,從上升趨勢轉變?yōu)橄陆第厔荨?000-2013年海表蒸發(fā)量的減少除了由近海表風速減弱所導致的非局地影響外,主要是由海表溫度增暖減速導致的海表飽和比濕增速減緩和近海表空氣比濕增速加快所導致的。首先,近海表風速的減弱通過直接和間接作用導致全球海表蒸發(fā)的減少。另外,海洋上空的大氣柱總水汽含量總體增加以及海洋上空的降水減少導致余留在空氣中的水分增加,直接導致了近海表空氣比濕的增加。海表蒸發(fā)率的趨勢空間形態(tài)都呈現(xiàn)總體減弱,海洋上的降水總體減少,而沃克環(huán)流的最強上升支區(qū)域則呈現(xiàn)明顯的降水增加趨勢。陸地上的總降水量增加,總蒸發(fā)量上漲。不論是陸地還是海洋,蒸發(fā)和降水的關系都更接近局地相關性。這種相關性使我們更加傾向于認為海洋上空的水汽增加是海氣界面本身的水汽收支平衡被打破所致。使用OAFlux數(shù)據(jù)集評估了CMIP5計劃中14個耦合氣候模式對熱帶和副熱帶太平洋海表潛熱通量的模擬結果,并分析了可能的模擬偏差的來源。結果表明模式模擬的潛熱通量的空間分布形態(tài)與觀測結果匹配的很好,不過模擬值一般比觀測值偏高達到20-30 Wm-2。模式在空氣比濕和海表溫度氣候態(tài)的模擬上表現(xiàn)較好,近海表風速氣候態(tài)的模擬偏差很可能就是模式對潛熱通量氣候態(tài)模擬偏差的來源。使用模式間EOF分析方法表明,模式偏離平均態(tài)的空間一致性主要是由模式對海表溫度的模擬差異造成的。對于潛熱通量氣候態(tài)的季節(jié)變化,模擬結果和觀測數(shù)據(jù)吻合地很好,主要的模擬偏差與近海表風速季節(jié)變化的模擬偏差有關。而對潛熱通量線性趨勢的模擬評估顯示,模式對海表溫度和近海表空氣比濕的模擬整體上偏大,由此導致的海氣比濕差△q的趨勢對潛熱通量的反饋作用將會非常微弱,同時模式對近海表風速趨勢的模擬偏小許多,兩個因素可能就共同導致了模式對潛熱通量增加趨勢的模擬值極大地偏低。使用由中國科學院大氣物理研究所大氣科學和地球流體力學數(shù)值模擬國家重點實驗室(LASG/IAP)研發(fā)的全球海洋-大氣-陸地系統(tǒng)模式FGOALS-g2和FGOALS-s2,對比分析了它們對海氣界面熱收支的模擬結果。在熱帶印度洋海域,FGOALS兩個模式對海表凈熱通量都存在大約30 W m-2的海盆尺度的低估,潛熱通量的大幅高估被認為是凈熱誤差的最主要來源。兩個模式共同體現(xiàn)了印度洋偶極子狀的誤差分布。通過分析年際序列,FGOALS-s2對凈熱通量的模擬誤差主要來自于向下的凈短波輻射和向七的潛熱通量的高估,而FGOALS-g2的模擬誤差主要來自于其對湍流熱通量的高估。在觀測數(shù)據(jù)中,凈熱通量在熱帶印度洋中心海域存在極大的降低趨勢,而這個特征在模式中未能體現(xiàn)。潛熱通量的趨勢主導了凈熱通量的趨勢,因此模式對于凈熱通量趨勢的模擬誤差主要來源于其對潛熱通量的模擬誤差,即低估了潛熱通量的增加趨勢。在太平洋和大西洋海域,總體上對凈熱通量也存在海盆尺度的低估。對特征區(qū)域(西部邊界流如黑潮、墨西哥灣流：赤道太平洋和大西洋冷舌)進行單獨的分析可以知道,雖然在極值區(qū)模擬值偏大,但是模擬值的遞減幅度較大,導致其高值區(qū)域相對較小。模式模擬的各分量趨勢分布均不能和OAFlux顯示的趨勢分布形態(tài)相匹配,但凈熱通量趨勢分布主要由湍流熱通量尤其是潛熱通量的趨勢分布所支配,這與印度洋海域的結果一致。
[Abstract]:The air sea heat fluxes of atmospheric and oceanic circulation, Air Sea freshwater circulation plays a vital role. To study the physical mechanism and the changes of morphology for dynamic simulation and numerical understanding of the atmosphere has a very significance of the core process. This dissertation use ocean observation data, reanalysis data and climate model output data research including sea surface evaporation, latent heat flux, net heat flux and flux changes, trends and climate effects, and to explore the possible sources of the corresponding model error. According to the Woods Holzer Institute of Oceanography (WHOI) OAFlux data objective analysis of air sea flux project, global sea surface evaporation occurred in 1999-2000 years the interdecadal change trend, from the rise to.2000-2013 year downward trend in sea surface evaporation reduction in addition to non local effects from the offshore wind speed caused by weak, Lord If by sea surface temperature warming led to the reduction of sea surface specific humidity slows and saturated humidity of air to accelerate the growth of offshore surface caused. First, weakening offshore surface wind speed due to the global sea surface evaporation reduction through direct and indirect effects. In addition, the total atmospheric column water vapor content over the ocean and over the ocean the precipitation reduction in remaining in the water in the air increases, directly led to the increase in offshore surface humidity of air. The sea surface evaporation rate trend has weakened the overall spatial form, the overall precipitation on the ocean circulation and reduce the strongest Walker rising branch area showed obvious increasing trend of precipitation. The total precipitation on land increased and the total amount of evaporation increases. Whether on land or sea, the relationship between evaporation and precipitation are more close to the local correlation. This correlation makes us more inclined to think that the ocean water Steam air sea interface itself is water vapour balance is disturbed. Using the OAFlux dataset to evaluate the simulation results of tropical and sub tropical Pacific sea surface latent heat flux of 14 coupled climate model CMIP5 plan, and analyzes the sources of possible errors of the simulation. The results show that the latent heat flux model to simulate the spatial distribution and morphology observation, good results, but the simulation value is generally higher than observed value high up to 20-30 Wm-2. model is better in the air humidity and sea surface temperature climatology simulation, simulation of offshore wind speed deviation of climatological probably is the source of model deviation on the latent heat flux. The use of climatological analysis methods showed that EOF mode and the consistency model deviates from the mean state space is mainly caused by the differences between the simulation model of sea surface temperature. For the seasonal variation of latent heat flux climatology, simulation The results agree well with observed data, the main simulation deviation and offshore simulation deviation of wind seasonal changes. While the simulation evaluation of latent heat flux linear trend shows that the pattern of sea surface temperature and sea surface specific humidity simulation on the whole is too large, resulting in the sea air humidity Q trend of latent heat the flux feedback effect will be very weak, and the simulation model of offshore wind speed trend of the small lot, two factors may lead to extremely low values of common simulation model of latent heat flux increased. By the use of Chinese Department of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, atmospheric sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics numerical simulation (State Key Laboratory of LASG/IAP d) global ocean atmosphere land system model FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS-s2, analyzes their simulation results of air sea heat balance in tropical India ocean. The sea, two models have underestimated FGOALS about 30 W m-2 on the net surface heat flux of the basin scale, the latent heat flux significantly overvalued is believed to be the main source of net thermal error. The two mode reflects the error distribution of India Ocean Dipole shape. Through the analysis of interannual sequence simulation error on the net the heat flux in FGOALS-s2 is mainly from the net shortwave radiation and downward to the latent heat flux of seven FGOALS-g2 and overestimated, simulation error is mainly from the turbulent heat flux overestimated. In observational data, the net heat flux in tropical India ocean sea center domain greatly reduce the trend, and this feature in the model failed to reflect. The latent heat flux dominates the trend of net heat flux trend, so the simulation error model for the net heat flux trend comes mainly from the simulation error of the latent heat flux, latent heat flux is underestimated by With the trend. In the Pacific and the Atlantic ocean, there are also underestimate the overall basin scale of net heat flux. The feature region (western boundary current such as the Kuroshio, the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic: equatorial Pacific cold tongue) separately analysis can know, although the value is too large in the quasi extreme area model, but the simulation value decline obviously, due to the high value area is relatively small. The distribution of each component model are not the trend and OAFlux showed a trend of distribution pattern matching, but the net heat flux distribution trend is mainly composed of the turbulent heat flux especially dominated the distribution tendency of latent heat flux, the India ocean and the consistency of the results.

【學位授予單位】：中國科學技術大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P732.6

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