本文選題：類木行星 + 太陽星云��； 參考：《吉林大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代科學中,太陽系的形成模型是在星云假說的框架下建立的(Lissauer,1993)。雖然星云假說在一般意義上是成功的,但是細節(jié)性地描述太陽系歷史的所有物理過程和解釋所有的觀測仍然是個挑戰(zhàn)。任何理論必須解釋的兩個重要觀測是行星的質(zhì)量和組成。類地行星(水星,金星,地球,和火星)具有小質(zhì)量而且主要由巖石物質(zhì)組成,然而類木行星(木星,土星,天王星,和海王星)具有大質(zhì)量而且除了包含固體物質(zhì)外還包含大量氫氦氣體。類地行星和類木行星之間的整體差別似乎已經(jīng)有了解釋。還有一個觀測現(xiàn)象是類木行星的質(zhì)量和氣體含量除了天王星和海王星差不多之外,從木星開始大體上有一個向外遞減的趨勢(如圖1.1)。木星,土星,天王星和海王星的質(zhì)量分別為318,95,15,?17M。類木行星的模型建議它們的氫氦氣體質(zhì)量分別為307276-,7664-,0.55.0-,和?-7.45.0M.由上可知,太陽系的一個重要觀測現(xiàn)象就是類木行星的質(zhì)量和氣體含量隨著軌道半徑從內(nèi)向外遞減(除了天王星和海王星的質(zhì)量和氣體含量差不多相等)。在以前的研究中,太陽星云被假定是先存在的并且太陽星云的形成過程沒有被考慮。因此以前的研究都假定行星在太陽系中不同的軌道半徑處是同時開始形成的。在本論文中,我們指出不同的軌道半徑處的行星不是同時開始形成的且行星形成開始的時間點在大軌道半徑處被延遲。我們建議這個延遲可能是導致類木行星的質(zhì)量和氣體含量隨著軌道半徑從內(nèi)向外遞減的一個因素。太陽星云是從內(nèi)部區(qū)域開始形成的,因為它從之而來的分子云核是以從內(nèi)到外的方式坍塌的。然后太陽星云因為粘滯的作用向外擴張。物質(zhì)先到達小軌道半徑處,然后再到達大軌道半徑處。因此行星形成的時間起點在大軌道半徑處被延遲。物質(zhì)到達一個軌道半徑處的時間越晚,留給此處行星用來獲得質(zhì)量和氣體含量的時間越少。因此,這個延遲趨向于導致類木行星的質(zhì)量和氣體含量隨著軌道半徑從內(nèi)向外遞減。我們的星云模型表明物質(zhì)到達木星,土星,天王星,和海王星的軌道半徑的時間分別是,,和。我們在核吸積模型的框架下討論了這個時間延遲對類木行星質(zhì)量的影響。土星的形成相比較木星沒有被延遲太長時間,所以土星和木星都到達了核吸積模型中氣體快吸積階段并且成為了氣態(tài)巨行星。但是天王星和海王星的形成相比較木星就被延遲了很長時間,所以天王星和海王星的形成延遲可能就導致它們在氣體星云耗散掉之前還沒有到達氣體快吸積階段。土星雖然到達了氣體快吸積階段,但是此過程進行的不充分。所以土星的質(zhì)量和氣體含量都比木星少很多。我們的數(shù)值計算給出,木星在yr1040.06′時間點開始它的形成過程。在那個時間點后的很長時間段內(nèi)(幾個yr106),木星區(qū)域內(nèi)都有大量的物質(zhì)。有足夠的時間和物質(zhì)來讓木星得到大質(zhì)量和氣體。它在類木行星中擁有最大的質(zhì)量和氫氦氣體。土星開始形成過程在yr1057.06′,比木星晚點但是沒晚太多。木星和土星在太陽星云的壽命內(nèi)都達到了氣體快吸積階段。它們在此階段極大地增加了它們的質(zhì)量。木星和土星都是氣體巨行星。土星相對于木星的形成時間的延遲適合氣體快吸積階段的時間尺度可以比較的。所以土星進行氣體快吸積階段的時間尺度就比木星少。土星的質(zhì)量和氣體含量都遠遠低于木星的質(zhì)量和氣體含量。天王星和海王星分別在yr1050.16′和yr1029.66′時間點開始形成,比木星和土星晚的太多。天王星和海王星相對于木星的延遲分別為yr1010.16′和yr1090.56′。天王星和海王星形成的延遲太長,這可能是導致它們在氣體星云耗散掉之前沒有達到氣體快吸積階段的因素之一。所以它們是擁有比木星和土星小的質(zhì)量的冰巨行星�？偠灾�,我們的研究表明行星形成在大半徑處的延遲和延遲的程度是隨著半徑增加而增加的,而且表明延遲是由于太陽星云是從內(nèi)部開始形成,然后在粘滯的作用下向外擴張造成的。我們顯示在行星形成的核吸積模型框架下,類木行星的質(zhì)量和氣體含量的向外遞減趨勢可能是和此延遲有關的。我們的模型推斷出氣體快吸積階段的時間尺度是yr105量級的,而且固體核形成時間尺度和氣體慢吸積階段時間尺度之和是yr106量級的。這些時間尺度和核吸積模型的時間尺度是一致的。在行星形成引力不穩(wěn)模型框架下,這個時間延遲可能不會導致類木行星的質(zhì)量和氣體含量的向外遞減趨勢。
[Abstract]:In modern science, the formation of the solar system model is established in the framework of the nebular hypothesis (Lissauer, 1993). Although the nebular hypothesis is successful in the general sense, but the details of the description of the history of the solar system all the physical process and explain all of the observations is still a challenge. Two important observations of any theory to explain is the quality and composition of the planets. The terrestrial planets (mercury, Venus, earth, and Mars) with a small mass and is mainly composed of rock composition, but the Jovian planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) with high quality but also contains a solid material containing a large amount of hydrogen and helium gas. The difference between the terrestrial planets and planets seem to have been explained. There is an observed phenomenon is mass and gas content in addition to the Jovian planets Uranus and Neptune almost, from Jupiter in general There is an outward decreasing trend (Figure 1.1). Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune mass were 318,95,15? 17M. the Jovian planets models suggest that their quality of hydrogen and helium gas are respectively 307276-, 7664-, 0.55.0-, and -7.45.0M.? Conclusionpsychotherapy mass and gas content is an important observation the phenomenon of the solar system's planets with orbital radius decreasing (from the inside to the outside, in addition to the quality and gas content of Uranus and Neptune almost equal). In previous studies, the solar nebula is assumed to be first and the formation of the solar nebula process have not been considered. So the previous studies assume that the orbit radius different planets in the solar system is at the beginning of the formation. In this paper, we point out that different planets orbit radius is not at the same time began to form and start time of planet formation in orbit Radius was delayed. We suggest that this delay may lead to quality and the gas content of the Jovian planets with an orbital radius from the inside to the outside factors decreasing. The solar nebula is formed from the inner region, because it comes from the molecular cloud core is from the inside to the outside party style collapse. Then the solar nebula because of viscous effect of outward expansion. The material first arrived at the small radius, and then reach orbit radius. So the time starting point of planet formation is delayed at large orbital radius. The material reaches a track radius at the late time, leave here for planetary mass and gas content time less. Therefore, this delay tends to lead to mass and gas content of Jovian planets with orbital radius from the inside to the outside. Our model shows that decreasing Nebula substances to reach Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The radius of the orbit time are, and. We discussed the influence of time delay on the quality of the planets in the framework of nuclear accretion model. Saturn formation compared Jupiter has not been delayed too long time, so Saturn and Jupiter have reached the gas accretion model in nuclear fast accretion phase and become gaseous but the formation of giant planets Uranus and Neptune compared to Jupiter will be delayed for a long time, so the formation of Uranus and Neptune may cause them to delay has not reached the stage of fast gas accretion before nebular gas dissipation. Although Saturn arrived fast gas accretion phase, but this process is not so full. Mass and gas content are much less than Jupiter and Saturn. Our numerical calculation, Jupiter begins its forming process in yr1040.06 'time. At that point in time after the very Long time period (yr106), Jupiter within the region there are a lot of material. There is enough time and material to let Jupiter get big mass and gas. It has the largest mass of hydrogen and helium gas in the Jovian planets. Saturn began to form in the process of yr1057.06 ', but not later than Jupiter is too late. Jupiter and Saturn have reached a stage in the fast gas accretion in the solar nebula life at this stage. They greatly increased their quality. Jupiter and Saturn are gas giant planet Saturn and Jupiter. Compared with the delay time for fast gas accretion time scale can be compared. So Saturn gas fast the accretion phase time scale than Jupiter. Less mass and gas content of Saturn is far lower than the mass and gas content of Jupiter. Uranus and Neptune were started at yr1050.16 and yr1029.66' time points The formation of Jupiter and Saturn, than late too much. Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune to delay respectively yr1010.16 and yr1090.56 '. Uranus and Neptune form delay too long, this may be the cause of one of the factors they have not reached the stage of fast gas accretion before nebular gas dissipation. So they have than Jupiter and Saturn the quality of the ice giants. In short, our study shows that planets form in large radius delay and delay degree is increased with the increase of the radius, and that the delay is due to the solar nebula is formed from inside, and then the viscosity under the effect of outward expansion caused. We show the core accretion model framework the planets formed under the outward decreasing mass and gas content of Jovian planets may be delayed. And this is related to our model to infer the gas absorption Product stage time scale is yr105 magnitude, and the formation of solid state nuclear time scale and time scale and the slow accretion of gas phase is yr106 magnitude. The time scale and nuclear accretion model time scale is consistent. The planets formed gravitational instability model, the time delay may not lead to outward declining trend the quality and the gas content of the Jovian planets.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P185

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