本文關(guān)鍵詞：兩類點(diǎn)吸式波能裝置水動(dòng)力特性研究　出處：《哈爾濱工程大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 波浪能 點(diǎn)吸式 水動(dòng)力性能 解析解

【摘要】：隨著化石能源的不斷開(kāi)采,人類將面臨化石能源枯竭和環(huán)境污染的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。波浪能是一種清潔的海洋可再生能源,具有分布廣泛、儲(chǔ)量豐富的特點(diǎn),利用波浪能發(fā)電已成為工業(yè)界和科技界關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域。波浪能發(fā)電裝置主要有點(diǎn)吸式、振蕩水柱式、擺式、鴨式和越浪式等形式。點(diǎn)吸式裝置又稱為振蕩浮子式裝置,該裝置是通過(guò)基于支撐載體上的振蕩浮子來(lái)捕獲波浪能的裝置。點(diǎn)吸式波能發(fā)電裝置由于其結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單、轉(zhuǎn)換效率較高、安裝維護(hù)方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而受到了人們的廣泛關(guān)注。若按照載體是否固結(jié)于岸基或海床,點(diǎn)吸式波能發(fā)電裝置可分為固定式和漂浮式裝置兩種,若按照基于同一載體上浮子的個(gè)數(shù)可分為單點(diǎn)吸式和多點(diǎn)吸式裝置。關(guān)于固定和漂浮這兩類點(diǎn)吸式波浪能發(fā)電技術(shù)及其裝置的研究已有很多,但是關(guān)于這兩類裝置在波浪中的流場(chǎng)特性、水動(dòng)力學(xué)作用以及能量轉(zhuǎn)換機(jī)制或規(guī)律等基礎(chǔ)理論問(wèn)題的研究還不深入,制約著點(diǎn)吸式波能利用技術(shù)的發(fā)展和發(fā)電裝置設(shè)計(jì)方法的進(jìn)步。本文針對(duì)兩種典型的點(diǎn)吸式波能裝置開(kāi)展研究,一是基于固定式載體的擺臂浮子波能裝置,二是基于圓柱型漂浮式系泊載體的同軸立柱浮子波能裝置。通過(guò)理論分析、數(shù)值計(jì)算與模型試驗(yàn)的手段,研究這兩種裝置的水動(dòng)力學(xué)求解方法以及浮子的運(yùn)動(dòng)和波能轉(zhuǎn)換特性,為該類波能裝置的設(shè)計(jì)提供理論基礎(chǔ)和技術(shù)手段。針對(duì)同軸立柱浮子結(jié)構(gòu)的點(diǎn)吸式波能裝置,研究圓形立柱浮體和軸向運(yùn)動(dòng)的浮子在波浪作用下的輻射問(wèn)題、繞射問(wèn)題�；趧�(shì)流理論、分離變量法和級(jí)數(shù)展開(kāi)法,根據(jù)裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),將流體域劃分為三個(gè)子域,在各個(gè)子域內(nèi)求解輻射速度勢(shì)和繞射速度勢(shì)的級(jí)數(shù)展開(kāi)式,通過(guò)邊界條件確定級(jí)數(shù)展開(kāi)式未知系數(shù),獲得浮子和立柱耦合運(yùn)動(dòng)速度勢(shì)的解析表達(dá)式。通過(guò)數(shù)值算例,將解析水動(dòng)力結(jié)果與AQWA數(shù)值結(jié)果和非耦合水動(dòng)力計(jì)算結(jié)果相對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了結(jié)果的正確性并分析了耦合與非耦合水動(dòng)力結(jié)果之間的差異,根據(jù)求解結(jié)果分析浮子和立柱水動(dòng)力性能,研究浮子和立柱的尺度關(guān)系對(duì)其水動(dòng)力性能的影響。針對(duì)同軸立柱浮子式波能裝置,研究系泊狀態(tài)下具有同軸立柱浮子結(jié)構(gòu)的波能裝置的運(yùn)動(dòng)特性和能量轉(zhuǎn)換特性。首先建立立柱浮子式波能裝置的浮子—PTO系統(tǒng)—立柱載體的耦合動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,推導(dǎo)浮子和立柱的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)函數(shù)以及系統(tǒng)的能量轉(zhuǎn)換函數(shù)�？紤]到該類裝置的同軸立柱浮子結(jié)構(gòu)形式,通過(guò)耦合水動(dòng)力求解和性能分析,研究浮子與立柱的尺度、波浪參數(shù)、PTO系統(tǒng)阻尼和彈簧等參數(shù)對(duì)浮子和立柱的水動(dòng)力性能的影響規(guī)律,探討系統(tǒng)的能量轉(zhuǎn)換機(jī)理。在此基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合遺傳算法建立立柱浮子式波能裝置的能量轉(zhuǎn)換性能的優(yōu)化模型,在一定程度上提高裝置的能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率。針對(duì)擺臂浮子式波能裝置,研究浮子的運(yùn)動(dòng)特性、能量轉(zhuǎn)換性能。首先分析擺臂浮子的波能裝置的擺臂、浮子、PTO等機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)特征,推導(dǎo)并建立PTO—擺臂—浮子的耦合運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)方程,求解并獲得裝置的各機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)函數(shù)和能量轉(zhuǎn)換函數(shù);然后基于數(shù)值計(jì)算獲得浮子的水動(dòng)力系數(shù)。優(yōu)化浮子形狀,擺臂的初始安裝角、平臺(tái)的傾角、PTO在擺臂上的安裝位置等參數(shù),分析系統(tǒng)的阻尼特性和彈簧特性,探討裝置在PTO阻尼系數(shù)和剛度系數(shù)變化時(shí)功率特性曲線的變化趨勢(shì)以及能量輸出響應(yīng)頻寬變化規(guī)律,系統(tǒng)的研究和總結(jié)其能量轉(zhuǎn)換機(jī)理。針對(duì)兩類點(diǎn)吸式波能裝置,分別開(kāi)展浮子的運(yùn)動(dòng)和能量轉(zhuǎn)換性能模型試驗(yàn)研究。首先闡述了試驗(yàn)原理、相似準(zhǔn)則和測(cè)試方法,設(shè)計(jì)研制了試驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ秃蜏y(cè)試系統(tǒng),模型試驗(yàn)在哈爾濱工程大學(xué)船模拖曳水池進(jìn)行。通過(guò)試驗(yàn)工況的設(shè)計(jì)和水池試驗(yàn),獲得試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)。針對(duì)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),研究分析波浪的周期、波高和PTO阻尼等特征參數(shù)對(duì)浮子的運(yùn)動(dòng)、波浪載荷特性以及發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的能量轉(zhuǎn)換特性影響規(guī)律。同時(shí),通過(guò)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)理論分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。
[Abstract]:With the continuous exploitation of fossil energy, human beings will face the severe challenge of fossil energy depletion and environmental pollution. Wave energy is a clean marine renewable energy, which has wide distribution and abundant reserves. Wave power generation has become a hot topic in the industry and technology field. Wave energy generating units mainly include point suction type, oscillating column type, pendulum type, duck type and surf type. The point suction device is also called an oscillating float device, which is a device for capturing wave energy through an oscillating buoy on a support carrier. Because of its relatively simple structure, high conversion efficiency and convenient installation and maintenance, the point absorption wave energy generation device has attracted wide attention. If the carrier is in accordance with the consolidation in the shore or sea, point suction wave power device can be divided into fixed and floating device two, if in accordance with the number of the same carrier based on the float can be divided into single point and multi-point suction suction device. A lot of research on these two types of fixed and floating point type wave power generation technology and device of existing, but the research about the basic theory and flow characteristics of these two kinds of devices in the wave of water dynamics and energy conversion mechanism or the law is not thorough, and restricts the development of power generation equipment point absorber wave energy utilization technology the design method of progress. In this paper, two typical point suction wave energy devices are studied. One is the pendulum arm wave energy device based on the fixed carrier, the other two is the coaxial column float wave energy device based on the cylindrical floating mooring carrier. Through theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and model test, the hydrodynamic solutions and the motion and wave energy conversion characteristics of the two devices are studied, providing theoretical basis and technical means for the design of such wave energy devices. Aiming at the point suction wave energy device of the coaxial column float structure, the radiation problem and diffraction problem of the circular column floating body and the axially moving float under the wave action are studied. The potential flow theory, the method of separation of variables and series expansion method based on, according to the structure of the device, the fluid domain is divided into three sub domains, each domain Series in solving the radiation velocity potential and diffraction velocity potential expansion, the boundary conditions are determined series expansions of unknown coefficients, analytical expressions of the float and the column coupled motion velocity potential get. Through numerical example, the hydrodynamic results of analytical and numerical results of AQWA and non coupled hydrodynamic calculation results verify the correctness of the results and analysis of the differences between the coupled and non coupled hydrodynamic results, according to the post and the hydrodynamic performance analysis results, influence of scale on the float and the column of the relationship the hydrodynamic performance of the. The motion characteristics and energy conversion characteristics of a wave energy device with a coaxial column float structure in mooring state are studied for a coaxial column floating wave energy device. First, the coupling dynamic model of the float PTO system, the column carrier, is established. The relative motion function of the float and column and the energy conversion function of the system are derived. Considering the structure of the coaxial column float device, by solving coupled hydrodynamic and performance analysis, influence of hydrodynamic performance scale, wave parameters, PTO system damping and spring parameters on the float and column to float and column, the energy transfer mechanism of system. On this basis, the optimization model of energy conversion performance of the column float wave energy device is established based on the genetic algorithm, which improves the energy conversion efficiency of the device to a certain extent. The motion characteristics and energy conversion performance of the floater are studied in the light of the pendulum boom buoy wave energy device. First analyzes the motion characteristics of the wave energy device of swing arm swinging arm, a float, PTO and other institutions, coupled to establish the kinematic equations of PTO - arm float is deduced and the motion function and energy conversion function for agencies and get device; then based on the numerical calculation for the hydrodynamic coefficients of the float. Optimization of the shape of the swing arm, the initial installation angle, inclination angle, PTO platform in the arm on the installation position of the parameters such as damping and spring characteristic analysis system, probes the trend of changes in the power device PTO damping coefficient and stiffness coefficient curve and energy output in response to changes of system bandwidth. Study and summarize its energy conversion mechanism. In view of the two type point absorption wave energy devices, the model tests of the motion and energy conversion performance of the float are carried out respectively. First, the test principle, similarity rule and test method are expounded, and the test model and test system are designed and developed. The model test is carried out in the ship model towing tank of Harbin Engineering University. The test data were obtained through the design of the test conditions and the pool test. According to the experimental data, the influence of wave period, wave height and PTO damping on the motion of the buoy, the characteristics of wave load and the energy conversion characteristics of the power generation system are studied and analyzed. At the same time, the theoretical analysis results are verified by the experimental data.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P743.2

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