人類的持續(xù)發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長需要新的戰(zhàn)略以應(yīng)對巨大的能源挑戰(zhàn)。目前化石燃料,如煤炭、石油和天然氣仍然是能源的主要來源,然而燃燒化石燃料對環(huán)境的污染已經(jīng)引起了世界的廣泛關(guān)注。能源短缺是全世界面臨的難題,如何高效利用可再生能源已成為全人類的共識(shí),也是當(dāng)今能源領(lǐng)域的前沿科研熱點(diǎn)。以水為載體的藍(lán)色能源,例如潮汐能、波浪動(dòng)能、熱差能等,因其儲(chǔ)量巨大且無污染的特點(diǎn),擁有著巨大的應(yīng)用前景。對于這種理想能源的開發(fā),傳統(tǒng)的方法是利用笨重的水利發(fā)電設(shè)備進(jìn)行發(fā)電。這種方法雖然可以有效地提取儲(chǔ)存在連續(xù)水流中的巨大動(dòng)能,但對相對低頻的水能的獲取卻變得低效。近年來,基于摩擦起電效應(yīng)和靜電感應(yīng)效應(yīng)的摩擦納米發(fā)電機(jī)（TENG）以及基于蒸發(fā)和濕度的水伏能源收集技術(shù)因其設(shè)計(jì)簡單、材料選擇多樣引起了全世界的關(guān)注。然而,目前這些低頻水能收集技術(shù)仍然面臨耐候性差,電荷密度低和峰值功率密度小的難題,極大地限制了其實(shí)際應(yīng)用前景。在本文中,在理解水固界面電現(xiàn)象的基礎(chǔ)上,我們以液滴能量收集為主要研究對象,旨在通過設(shè)計(jì)新的材料和電極結(jié)構(gòu)以開發(fā)高性能的液滴發(fā)電器件,實(shí)現(xiàn)具有強(qiáng)耐候性,高功率密度和能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率的電能輸出。首先,本文總結(jié)了近年來在... 

【文章來源】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)安徽省 211工程院校 985工程院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：161 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
Nomenclature
Chapter 1 Introduction
    1.1 Droplet Energy Harvesting
        1.1.1 Droplet-based Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG)
        1.1.2 Drawing Potential on Graphene
    1.2 Statement of the Challenges
        1.2.1 Low Weather Resistance
        1.2.2 Low Power Density and Low Energy Conversion Efficiency
    1.3 Objectives of the Research
    1.4 Outlines of the Thesis
Chapter 2 Literature Review
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Electrical Effects at Water-solid Interface
    2.3 Fundamentals
        2.3.1 Water-solid Contact Electrification
        2.3.2 Ion Distribution in EDL
    2.4 Electrohydrodynamic Effect
        2.4.1 Electrically-induced Liquid Flow
        2.4.2 Electrically-induced Wetting
        2.4.3 Electrically-induced Droplet Motion
        2.4.4 Liquid Manipulation Based on the Electrohydrodynamic Effect
    2.5 Hydroelectric Effect
        2.5.1 Flow-induced Electricity
        2.5.2 Dynamic Wetting-induced Electricity
        2.5.3 Electricity Generation Based on the Hydroelectric Effect
    2.6 Conclusion
Chapter 3 SLIPS-TENG
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Fabrication and Characterization of SLIPS-TENG
        3.2.1 Fabrication of SLIPS-TENG
        3.2.2 Characterization of SLIPS-TENG
    3.3 Electricity Generation of SLIPS-TENG
    3.4 Charge Transparency Behavior of SLIPS-TENG
        3.4.1 Charge Generation at SLIPS-water Interface
        3.4.2 Effect of the Lubricant Layer Thickness
        3.4.3 Theoretical Circuit Analysis of SLIPS-TENG Output Current
    3.5 Robust Electricity Generation at Low Temperature
    3.6 Conclusion
Chapter 4 Transistor-like Impinging Droplet Electricity Generator (TIDE-G)
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Design Rationale and Fabrication of TIDE-G
        4.2.1 Design Rationale of TIDE-G
        4.2.2 Fabrication of TIDE-G
        4.2.3 Characterization of TIDE-G
    4.3 Electricity Generation of TIDE-G
        4.3.1 Boosting Electrical Outputs
        4.3.2 Comparison with Conventional TENG
        4.3.3 Mechanism of the Performance Enhancement
        4.3.4 Equivalent Circuit
    4.4 Generality of TIDE-G
    4.5 Conclusion
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Outlooks
    5.1 Conclusions
    5.2 Outlooks
References
Acknowledgements
List of Publications


【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]基于表面電荷的新興應(yīng)用（英文）[J]. 張文巒,孫強(qiáng)強(qiáng),Hans-Jürgen Butt,王鉆開,鄧旭.  Science Bulletin. 2020(13)



本文編號：3349364