【摘要】：在熱電廠或核電廠循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)、城市供熱和供水系統(tǒng)以及建筑內(nèi)空調(diào)水系統(tǒng)等有壓管道系統(tǒng)中,因閥門突然啟閉或是水泵突然啟停而導(dǎo)致管道中流速劇烈變化,常會(huì)引發(fā)水錘事故。傳統(tǒng)水錘分析主要采用一維模型計(jì)算方法,該方法利用擬穩(wěn)態(tài)摩阻模型近似計(jì)算管道瞬變流的摩阻耗散,因而無法準(zhǔn)確模擬瞬變流的壓力波衰減過程。準(zhǔn)二維模型計(jì)算管道瞬時(shí)的二維速度場和一維壓力場,并結(jié)合代數(shù)湍流模型計(jì)算瞬變流摩阻耗散,可以真實(shí)地反映瞬變流的壓力波動(dòng),但現(xiàn)有求解方法因計(jì)算過程復(fù)雜仍無法在工程中廣泛應(yīng)用。因此,本文提出一維與準(zhǔn)二維聯(lián)合求解方法,該方法簡化現(xiàn)有準(zhǔn)二維模型計(jì)算方法的求解過程,同時(shí)可直接利用一維模型的分析策略,并與一維模型進(jìn)行耦合求解,擴(kuò)展準(zhǔn)二維模型的應(yīng)用范圍并提高其計(jì)算效率。首先,分別闡述了一維特征線法和有限體積法,提出了改進(jìn)的有限體積法,該方法的計(jì)算節(jié)點(diǎn)可以與特征線法的計(jì)算節(jié)點(diǎn)一一對(duì)應(yīng),同時(shí)驗(yàn)證了其準(zhǔn)確性�；诶碚摲治�,提出一維和準(zhǔn)二維聯(lián)合求解方法,分別建立了一維特征線法和改進(jìn)的有限體積法與準(zhǔn)二維模型聯(lián)合求解的方法,并研究了這兩種方法的準(zhǔn)確性和高效性。結(jié)果表明,特征線法與準(zhǔn)二維模型聯(lián)合求解方法與現(xiàn)有準(zhǔn)二維模型求解方法的計(jì)算精度相同,有限體積法與準(zhǔn)二維模型聯(lián)合求解方法的計(jì)算精度受粘性項(xiàng)權(quán)重系數(shù)的取值影響較大。在計(jì)算效率方面,本文所提出的計(jì)算方法比現(xiàn)有的準(zhǔn)二維模型求解方法的計(jì)算效率更高,并且該方法可應(yīng)用于一維交錯(cuò)網(wǎng)格。同時(shí),提出修正的擬穩(wěn)態(tài)摩阻模型。以文獻(xiàn)中的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)為依據(jù),比較分析了擬穩(wěn)態(tài)摩阻模型、修正的擬穩(wěn)態(tài)摩阻模型、改進(jìn)的Brunone摩阻模型、Vardy-Brown摩阻模型和準(zhǔn)二維模型的模擬結(jié)果。以準(zhǔn)二維模型的模擬結(jié)果為依據(jù),對(duì)修正的擬穩(wěn)態(tài)摩阻模型中修正系數(shù)的選取規(guī)律進(jìn)行了研究。其次,建立了基于準(zhǔn)二維模型的離散蒸汽空穴模型和離散氣體空穴模型,并以文獻(xiàn)中的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)為依據(jù),對(duì)比分析了擬穩(wěn)態(tài)摩阻模型、改進(jìn)的Brunone摩阻模型和準(zhǔn)二維模型的離散蒸汽空穴模型和離散氣體空穴模型的計(jì)算結(jié)果。結(jié)果表明,基于準(zhǔn)二維模型的液柱分離模型相比一維模型的液柱分離模型的計(jì)算結(jié)果更準(zhǔn)確,與文獻(xiàn)中的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果更接近,可以準(zhǔn)確地模擬氣液兩相瞬變流的壓力波動(dòng)過程。然后,基于事故停泵模型和壓力罐模型,提出水泵-閥門-壓力罐模型,并基于準(zhǔn)二維模型的模擬結(jié)果,對(duì)傳統(tǒng)一維模型模擬有壓力罐防護(hù)的停泵水錘的準(zhǔn)確性進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明:準(zhǔn)二維模型的壓力波動(dòng)的波峰和波谷值均小于一維模型的結(jié)果,并且準(zhǔn)二維模型模擬得到的壓力波動(dòng)衰減速度更快。最后,基于上述準(zhǔn)二維模型的模擬結(jié)果,利用序列二次規(guī)劃法分別對(duì)三種不同連接結(jié)構(gòu)的壓力罐尺寸和參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。結(jié)果表明,應(yīng)用本文所繪制的最優(yōu)罐體體積隨管道允許最大壓力和罐體連接結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的變化圖,可簡便直觀地確定最優(yōu)罐體體積和連接結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),并且在優(yōu)化過程中應(yīng)基于準(zhǔn)二維模型的結(jié)果對(duì)一維模型進(jìn)行修正,從而提高壓力罐參數(shù)優(yōu)化的準(zhǔn)確性和適用性。本文提出一種基于一維模型與準(zhǔn)二維模型聯(lián)合求解瞬變流問題的計(jì)算方法,將該方法應(yīng)用于校核一維摩阻模型、分析氣液兩相瞬變流流動(dòng)過程、模擬事故停泵水錘及優(yōu)化選擇壓力罐尺寸等方面,驗(yàn)證了該方法的準(zhǔn)確性、高效性和適用性。本文的研究成果擴(kuò)展了準(zhǔn)二維模型的應(yīng)用范圍,進(jìn)一步完善了瞬變流準(zhǔn)二維模型的基本理論,對(duì)有壓管道瞬變流分析具有指導(dǎo)意義,并為其用于實(shí)際工程的可行性提供了參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In the pressure piping system, such as the circulating cooling water system of the thermal power plant or the nuclear power plant, the city heating and water supply system and the air-conditioning water system in the building, due to the sudden opening and closing of the valve or the sudden start and stop of the water pump, the flow rate in the pipeline can be changed dramatically, and the water hammer accident is often caused. The traditional water hammer analysis mainly adopts one-dimensional model calculation method, and the method uses the quasi-steady-state friction model to approximate the frictional resistance dissipation of the transient flow of the pipeline, so that the pressure wave attenuation process of the transient current can not be accurately simulated. A quasi-two-dimensional model is used to calculate the instantaneous two-dimensional velocity field and one-dimensional pressure field of the pipeline, and the transient flow friction dissipation is calculated in combination with the algebraic turbulence model, and the pressure fluctuation of the transient flow can be truly reflected, but the existing solution method can not be widely applied in the engineering due to the complex calculation process. In this paper, a one-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional joint solution method is proposed, which simplifies the solution process of the existing quasi-two-dimensional model calculation method, and can directly utilize the analysis strategy of the one-dimensional model, and is coupled with the one-dimensional model to solve the problem. and the application range of the quasi-two-dimensional model is expanded and the calculation efficiency is improved. First, the one-dimensional characteristic line method and the finite volume method are described respectively, and the modified finite volume method is proposed. The calculation node of the method can be one-to-one correspondence with the calculation node of the characteristic line method, and the accuracy of the method is also verified. Based on the theory analysis, a two-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional joint solution method is proposed, and the method of the one-dimensional feature line method and the improved finite volume method and the quasi-two-dimensional model are respectively established, and the accuracy and efficiency of the two methods are also studied. The results show that the method of the combination of the feature line method and the quasi-two-dimensional model is the same as that of the existing quasi-two-dimensional model, and the calculation accuracy of the finite volume method and the quasi-two-dimensional model is affected by the value of the weight coefficient of the viscous term. In terms of the computational efficiency, the computational efficiency proposed in this paper is higher than that of the existing quasi-two-dimensional model, and the method can be applied to a one-dimensional staggered grid. At the same time, a modified quasi-steady-state friction model is proposed. Based on the experimental data in the literature, the quasi-steady-state friction model, the modified quasi-steady-state friction model, the modified Brunone friction model, the Vardy-Brown friction model and the quasi-two-dimensional model are compared and analyzed. Based on the simulation results of the quasi-two-dimensional model, the selection of the correction coefficients in the modified quasi-steady-state friction model is studied. Secondly, a discrete vapor hole model and a discrete gas hole model based on the quasi-two-dimensional model are established, and the quasi-steady-state friction model is compared and analyzed based on the experimental data in the literature. The improved Brunone friction model and the quasi-two-dimensional model's discrete vapor hole model and the discrete gas hole model are calculated. The results show that the calculation results of the liquid-column separation model based on the quasi-two-dimensional model are more accurate than that of the one-dimensional model, and the pressure fluctuation process of the two-phase transient flow of the gas liquid can be accurately simulated. Then, based on the model of the accident stop pump and the model of the pressure tank, the model of the water pump-valve-pressure tank is put forward, and the accuracy of the water hammer of the stop pump with pressure tank protection is studied based on the simulation result of the quasi-two-dimensional model. The results show that the peak and trough values of the pressure fluctuation of the quasi-two-dimensional model are less than the results of the one-dimensional model, and the velocity of the pressure fluctuation obtained by the quasi-two-dimensional model is faster than that of the one-dimensional model. Finally, based on the simulation results of the quasi-two-dimensional model, the size and the parameters of the pressure tanks of the three different connecting structures are optimized by the sequence quadratic programming method. The results show that the optimal tank volume and the connection structure parameters can be determined simply and intuitively with the optimum tank volume as the pipeline allows the maximum pressure and the tank connection structure parameters to be changed. and the one-dimensional model can be modified based on the results of the quasi-two-dimensional model in the optimization process, so that the accuracy and the applicability of the pressure tank parameter optimization are improved. In this paper, a method for calculating the transient flow problem based on a one-dimensional model and a quasi-two-dimensional model is proposed, and the method is applied to the aspects of checking a one-dimensional model, analyzing the flow process of the two-phase transient flow of the gas liquid, simulating the water hammer of the accident stop pump and optimizing the size of the pressure tank, and the accuracy, the high efficiency and the applicability of the method are verified. In this paper, the application range of the quasi-two-dimensional model is extended, and the basic theory of the transient quasi-two-dimensional model is further improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU991.3

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