發(fā)布時間：2018-12-14 12:29

【摘要】：氣溶膠吸濕特征的準(zhǔn)確描述對于減小氣溶膠輻射強(qiáng)迫評估中的不確定性、更準(zhǔn)確地模擬氣溶膠輻射強(qiáng)迫和大氣能見度都有非常重要的意義。本研究于2014年8月-2015年7月在臨安大氣區(qū)域本底站進(jìn)行了為期一年的氣溶膠散射吸濕增長特征觀測。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),臨安地區(qū)氣溶膠散射系數(shù)σsp、后向散射系數(shù)σbsp和吸收系數(shù)σap(550 nm波長下)年平均值分別為197±147 Mm~(-1)、26±17 Mm~(-1)和20±15 Mm~(-1)。單次散射反照率、半球后向散射比和?ngstr?m指數(shù)的年平均值為0.89±0.04,0.14±0.02和1.63±0.28。80%相對濕度下年平均散射吸濕增長因子f(80%)、后向散射吸濕增長因子fb(80%)和后向散射比吸濕增長因子fb(80%)分別1.71±0.161、1.29±0.085和0.78±0.037,向上散射比β?由干狀態(tài)下的0.271±0.016降低到80%的0.236±0.016,氣溶膠吸濕能力冬春較高、夏秋較低。臨安地區(qū)氣溶膠散射吸濕增長數(shù)據(jù)可由參數(shù)化公式f(RH)=1+aRHb較好模擬,按照不同散射吸濕增長特征分類給出了參數(shù)化擬合結(jié)果。研究驗(yàn)證了粒徑吸濕增長因子g(RH)不同計(jì)算方法(a)Petters和Kreidenweis(2007)的κ-K?hler簡化公式、(b)Tang(1996)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式和(c)ISORROPIA II模型在臨安散射吸濕增長模擬中的可行性,可以為模式模擬、輻射計(jì)算和遙感資料分析等提供有用信息。敏感性實(shí)驗(yàn)表明化學(xué)組分通過影響氣溶膠粒徑吸濕增長因子g(RH)是氣溶膠散射吸濕增長因子最重要的影響因子,其次是氣溶膠數(shù)濃度譜的中值粒徑和譜寬,干狀態(tài)下氣溶膠的復(fù)折射指數(shù)的實(shí)部和虛部均對氣溶膠散射吸濕增長因子影響很小。對于臨安地區(qū),當(dāng)環(huán)境相對濕度高于60%時極易發(fā)生霾,一旦干狀態(tài)下散射系數(shù)超過100 Mm~(-1),大氣能見度就極有可能低于10 km;環(huán)境濕度高于80%時,臨安極易發(fā)生重度霾,一旦干狀態(tài)下散射系數(shù)超過100 Mm~(-1),大氣能見度極有可能低于5 km。研究定量評估了氣溶膠在環(huán)境相對濕度下吸濕增長吸收水分對大氣總消光及氣溶膠直接輻射強(qiáng)迫的貢獻(xiàn)。研究時段臨安大氣環(huán)境相對濕度年平均值為78.9%,由于氣溶膠在環(huán)境濕度下吸濕增長吸收水分造成大氣散射的增加對大氣消光的貢獻(xiàn)的年均值~41%;80%相對濕度下氣溶膠直接輻射強(qiáng)迫是干狀態(tài)下氣溶膠直接輻射強(qiáng)迫的1.57倍,在臨安地區(qū)全年的觀測中,由于氣溶膠在環(huán)境相對濕度下吸濕增長吸收水分造成的氣溶膠直接輻射強(qiáng)迫與干狀態(tài)下氣溶膠直接輻射強(qiáng)迫的比值約1.3-1.9,氣溶膠吸濕增長吸收水分對氣溶膠直接輻射強(qiáng)迫的貢獻(xiàn)約為23%-47%。
[Abstract]:The accurate description of aerosol moisture absorption characteristics is very important for reducing the uncertainty in aerosol radiation forcing assessment and simulating aerosol radiation forcing and atmospheric visibility more accurately. From August 2014 to July 2015, the characteristics of aerosol scattering and moisture absorption growth were observed at the background station of Linan atmospheric region for a period of one year. It is found that the annual mean values of aerosol scattering coefficient 蟽 sp, backscattering coefficient 蟽 bsp and absorption coefficient 蟽 ap at 550 nm wavelength are 197 鹵147 Mm~ (-1), 26 鹵17 Mm~ (-1) and 20 鹵15 Mm~ (-1), respectively. The annual mean values of single scattering albedo, hemispheric backscattering ratio and? ngstr?m exponent are 0.89 鹵0.04g 0.14 鹵0.02 and 1.63 鹵0.28.80% relative humidity respectively. The backscattering hygroscopicity growth factor fb (80%) and backward scattering specific hygroscopicity growth factor fb (80%) were 1.71 鹵0.161g 1.29 鹵0.085 and 0.78 鹵0.037, respectively. From 0.271 鹵0.016 in dry state to 0.236 鹵0.016 in 80%, the moisture absorption ability of aerosol is higher in winter and spring, and lower in summer and autumn. The aerosol scattering and moisture absorption growth data in Linan area can be well simulated by the parameterized formula f (RH) = 1 aRHb, and the parameterized fitting results are given according to the different characteristics of scattering moisture absorption growth. The simplified formula of 魏-K?hler for (a) Petters and Kreidenweis (2007) in different calculation methods of particle size moisture absorption growth factor (g (RH) was verified. The feasibility of the empirical formula and (c) ISORROPIA II model of (b) Tang (1996 in the simulation of moisture absorption growth in Lin'an scattering can provide useful information for model simulation, radiation calculation and remote sensing data analysis. The sensitivity experiment shows that the chemical component is the most important factor of aerosol scattering hygroscopicity growth factor (g (RH), followed by the median particle size and spectrum width of aerosol number concentration spectrum. Both the real and imaginary parts of the aerosol complex refraction index have little effect on the aerosol scattering hygroscopicity growth factor in dry state. For Lin'an area, haze is easy to occur when the relative humidity is higher than 60. Once the scattering coefficient exceeds 100 Mm~ (-1) in dry state, atmospheric visibility is likely to be less than 10 km;. When the ambient humidity is higher than 80, the severe haze is easy to occur in Linan. Once the scattering coefficient exceeds 100 Mm~ (-1) in dry state, the atmospheric visibility is likely to be lower than 5 km.. The contribution of moisture absorption growth of aerosols to total atmospheric extinction and aerosol direct radiation forcing was quantitatively evaluated. The annual average value of atmospheric relative humidity in Linan is 78.9. The annual mean value of the contribution of atmospheric scattering to atmospheric extinction due to the increase of moisture absorption and water absorption by aerosols at ambient humidity is ~ 41. The direct radiative forcing of aerosol at 80% relative humidity is 1.57 times higher than that under dry condition. The ratio of aerosol direct radiation forcing to aerosol direct radiation forcing in dry state is about 1.3-1.9 due to the increase of moisture absorption under relative humidity. The contribution of aerosol moisture absorption to aerosol direct radiation forcing is about 23-47.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國氣象科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X513

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