本文選題：不銹鋼 + VOD��； 參考：《北京科技大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：2Cr13不銹鋼是一種具有良好抗腐蝕性以及機械性能的馬氏體不銹鋼,因此被廣泛的應(yīng)用于航天航空、海洋環(huán)境、機械零件以及醫(yī)療器械等領(lǐng)域。并且隨著我國鎳礦儲量的下降,鎳資源對外依存度的提高,不含鎳元素的2Cr13不銹鋼將具有低生產(chǎn)成本優(yōu)勢。而國內(nèi)關(guān)于不銹鋼的研究多集中在熱處理、鑄坯質(zhì)量控制以及合金元素對2Crl3性能的影響方面,對于2Cr13不銹鋼潔凈鋼生產(chǎn)關(guān)注較少。為滿足高端產(chǎn)品對不銹鋼性能的要求,亟需從潔凈鋼生產(chǎn)角度對2Crl3進行研究,進而達到生產(chǎn)高品質(zhì)2Crl3不銹鋼的目的。本文以國內(nèi)某廠EF+VOD工藝流程為背景開展研究,通過對各工藝環(huán)節(jié)調(diào)研分析發(fā)現(xiàn)不銹鋼生產(chǎn)過程中主要存在脫氧后全氧含量高、夾雜物變性控制效果差、精煉后期二次氧化以及現(xiàn)有生產(chǎn)工藝流程易產(chǎn)生含鉻固廢的問題。因此以下將通過理論分析與工業(yè)試驗相結(jié)合的方法對不銹鋼真空攪拌鋁脫氧平衡、精煉渣鋼渣反應(yīng)、鋼包底吹攪拌、不銹鋼鈣處理以及氧化性爐渣脫碳反應(yīng)等不銹潔凈鋼冶煉關(guān)鍵工藝進行研究。為改善不銹鋼脫氧后鋼液全氧含量高以及精煉后期出現(xiàn)二次氧化的現(xiàn)象,首先對不銹鋼真空攪拌脫氧過程中A1-O平衡、精煉后酸溶鋁控制及精煉渣成分對二次氧化的影響等方面進行研究。研究結(jié)果表明鋼中活度氧含量由爐渣成分及鋼中酸溶鋁含量共同控制,爐渣堿度在3-5,鋼中鋁含量大于0.015wt%時可使活度氧含量小于0.0006wt%。另外,由于鋼渣間Si-O平衡,提高鋼液中Si含量將提高爐渣SiO_2含量,所以為形成高堿度爐渣應(yīng)在造渣前降低鋼液Si含量。采用高堿度低Al_2O_3爐渣并在后續(xù)精煉過程中提高Si含量可防止由還原爐渣SiO_2產(chǎn)生的酸溶鋁降低。為改善鋼液攪拌條件,將中心吹氬鋼包改為1/2R吹氬偏心鋼包,鋼包靜吹氬流量控制在2.1 m~3/h-3.6 m~3/h,真空攪拌流量可控制在7.2 m~3/h,靜吹時間保持在15分鐘以上為減少不銹鋼脫氧后產(chǎn)生的Al_2O_3夾雜物以及控制改善夾雜物熔點,對不銹鋼鈣處理過程進行了研究。研究結(jié)果表明為減少爐渣的二次氧化以及對喂入鈣線的燒損,渣中FeO摩爾分數(shù)應(yīng)控制到0.0012以下,鋼液中酸溶鋁含量應(yīng)大于0.01wt%。當鋼液鈣含量控制在0.0019wt%-0.0035wt%時,可以將鋼中Al_2O_3及鎂鋁尖晶石夾雜物轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殁}鋁酸鹽夾雜。并且通過使用CaO、Al_2O_3及CaS三組元活度得到CaS在不同成分的鈣鋁酸鹽上析出曲線,進一步解釋CaS夾雜物的析出機理。為減少不銹鋼現(xiàn)有工藝中含鉻固廢的排放以及提高鉻在鋼廠中的利用率,本文開展了使用氧化性不銹鋼爐渣進行不銹鋼真空脫碳的研究。研究結(jié)果表明不銹鋼渣鋼反應(yīng)后高溫物相組成為高溫熔渣相與FeCr_2O_4相。通過鋼渣間的熱力學反應(yīng)平衡計算了不同成分的爐渣及高溫析出相參與脫碳反應(yīng)后鋼液的碳含量,并且確定氧化爐渣脫碳能力(Fe_2O_3) (FeO)Cr_2O_3 (s)＞ FeCr2O4 (s) (Cr_2O_3)。同時計算結(jié)果表明脫碳反應(yīng)受到爐內(nèi)真空度影響明顯。最后為驗證真空氧化爐渣脫碳生產(chǎn)2Crl3不銹鋼的可行性進行了真空感應(yīng)爐氧化渣脫碳實驗。實驗結(jié)果表明,氧化爐渣脫碳反應(yīng)后爐渣中Cr_2O_3和Fe203平均為5.7wt%和3.9wt%,渣中Cr、Fe氧化物含量明顯低于電爐及VOD各工位爐渣中Cr203和Fe203含量,達到減少電爐生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生含鉻固廢的目的,并且相較于VOD吹氧脫碳工藝,可有效減少脫氧劑加入量,最終改善鋼液潔凈度水平。在基于雙膜理論建立氧化爐渣脫碳反應(yīng)動力學方程后,計算脫碳速率常數(shù)及傳質(zhì)系數(shù)。實驗中脫碳反應(yīng)速率常數(shù)為0.00087-0.0022s-1,碳的總傳質(zhì)系數(shù)為8.8×10-6-2.1×10-5cm/s,但是脫碳反應(yīng)后鋼液終點碳含量受傳質(zhì)影響明顯,采用鋼包底吹氬氣等手段提高鋼液中碳的傳質(zhì)將有利于超低碳鋼的生產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:2Cr13 stainless steel is a martensitic stainless steel with good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, so it is widely used in the fields of aerospace, marine environment, mechanical parts and medical instruments. And with the decline of the nickel ore reserves in China, the increase of the dependence of nickel resources on external dependence and the low nickel content of the 2Cr13 stainless steel will be low. The domestic research on stainless steel is mainly focused on heat treatment, casting quality control and the effect of alloy elements on the performance of 2Crl3. It is less concerned about the production of 2Cr13 stainless steel. In order to meet the requirements of the performance of stainless steel for high-end products, it is urgent to study the 2Crl3 from the angle of clean steel production. To produce high quality 2Crl3 stainless steel, this paper studies the EF+VOD process of a domestic factory. Through the investigation and analysis of various process links, it is found that the main oxygen content in the process of the production of stainless steel is high, the control effect of inclusion denaturation is poor, the two oxidation in the later stage of refining and the production process are easy to produce. In order to improve the deoxidation of stainless steel, the key technology of stainless steel vacuum stirred aluminum deoxidation balance, refining slag steel slag reaction, ladle bottom blowing agitation, stainless steel calcium treatment and oxidizing slag decarbonization reaction are studied by the combination of theoretical analysis and industrial test. The phenomenon of high total oxygen content in molten steel and two oxidation in the later stage of refining is studied. First, the A1-O balance in the process of stainless steel vacuum deoxidization, the effect of acid soluble aluminum control and the composition of refining slag on the two oxidation after refining are studied. The results show that the activity oxygen content in steel is controlled by the composition of slag and the content of acid soluble aluminum in steel. When the slag basicity is 3-5 and the slag basicity is 3-5, the activity oxygen content is less than 0.0006wt%. when the aluminum content of steel is greater than 0.015wt%. Because of the balance between the steel slag and the Si content in the molten steel, the SiO_2 content of the slag will be increased. Therefore, the Si content of the steel should be reduced before the slag formation for the formation of high basicity slag. The low Al_2O_3 slag with high alkalinity and low Al_2O_3 slag should be used in the subsequent refining process. The increase of Si content can prevent the reduction of acid soluble aluminum produced by the reduction slag SiO_2. In order to improve the mixing condition of steel liquid, the central argon blowing ladle is changed to 1/2R argon blowing eccentricity ladle, the static blowing rate of steel bag is controlled at 2.1 m~3/h-3.6 m~3/h, the vacuum stirring flow can be controlled at 7.2 m~3/h and the static blowing time is over 15 minutes to reduce the deoxidization of stainless steel. The Al_2O_3 inclusion and the control of the melting point of inclusions have been controlled to improve the melting point of the inclusions. The results show that the FeO mole fraction in the slag should be controlled to less than 0.0012 to reduce the two oxidation of the slag and to the burning loss of the calcium wire. The content of the acid soluble aluminum in the molten steel should be greater than 0.01wt%. when the content of the molten steel is controlled by 0. At 19wt%-0.0035wt%, the inclusion of Al_2O_3 and magnesia aluminum spinel inclusions can be transformed into calcium aluminate inclusions. The precipitation curve of CaS on different components of calcium aluminate can be obtained by using CaO, Al_2O_3 and CaS three component activity. The precipitation mechanism of CaS inclusions is further explained. To reduce the emission of chromium containing solid waste in the existing stainless steel process. As well as improving the utilization rate of chromium in the steel plant, the study on the vacuum decarburization of stainless steel with oxidizing stainless steel slag has been carried out in this paper. The results show that the high temperature phase group becomes the phase of the high temperature slag and the FeCr_2O_4 phase after the reaction of the stainless steel slag steel. The carbon content of the molten steel was involved and the decarburization capacity (Fe_2O_3) (FeO) Cr_2O_3 (s) > FeCr2O4 (s) (Cr_2O_3) of the oxidizing slag was determined. The results showed that the decarburization reaction was affected by the vacuum degree in the furnace. Finally, the vacuum induction furnace was tested to verify the feasibility of the vacuum oxidation furnace slag decarbonization for the production of 2Crl3 stainless steel. The experimental results show that the average Cr_2O_3 and Fe203 in the slag after the decarbonization reaction of the oxidation slag are 5.7wt% and 3.9wt%, and the content of Cr and Fe oxides in the slag is obviously lower than the Cr203 and Fe203 content in the furnace slag of the electric furnace and VOD, to reduce the chromium containing solid waste in the production process of the electric furnace and to compare with the VOD oxygen decarburization. Art can effectively reduce the amount of deoxidizing agent and finally improve the level of cleanliness of molten steel. The decarburization rate constant and mass transfer coefficient are calculated after the kinetic equation of decarbonization based on the double film theory. The rate constant of decarburization reaction is 0.00087-0.0022s-1, the total mass transfer coefficient of carbon is 8.8 x 10-6-2.1 x 10-5cm/s, but decarburization is reversed. The final carbon content of the molten steel should be affected obviously by mass transfer. The use of ladle bottom argon blowing to increase the mass transfer of carbon in the molten steel will be beneficial to the production of ultra low carbon steel.
【學位授予單位】：北京科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TF764.1

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