本文選題：離心通風(fēng)機 + 氣動激勵　； 參考：《中國艦船研究院》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：開展離心通風(fēng)機低噪聲設(shè)計研究,是國民經(jīng)濟和國防軍事相關(guān)設(shè)備的發(fā)展需求,同時也是保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略要求。近十幾年來,隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,在離心通風(fēng)機的氣動性能分析、振動噪聲控制等方面都有較大的進(jìn)展。但是,在取得進(jìn)展的同時,也仍然存在一些不足,首先,對離心通風(fēng)機氣動激勵的產(chǎn)生機理、內(nèi)部具體分布特性等研究較少;其次,已開展的通風(fēng)機振動噪聲預(yù)測及控制措施方面的研究大多集中在流固耦合分析方面,過程復(fù)雜、漫長且以目前的手段和研究現(xiàn)狀,還存在較大的誤差,對目前離心通風(fēng)機領(lǐng)域多變的實際需求,難以有效快速的提供工程應(yīng)用指導(dǎo)。氣動激勵是影響離心通風(fēng)機振動的最主要因素之一,本文主要以目前工程實際應(yīng)用需求為出發(fā)點,采用流場仿真計算—流場測試驗證—振動測試—氣動特性與振動關(guān)聯(lián)性分析這一步驟,通過計算和測試分析離心通風(fēng)機內(nèi)部氣動激勵,結(jié)合振動測試,直接探索氣動因素對離心通風(fēng)機振動的影響,獲得離心通風(fēng)機振氣動特性與振動之間的量級關(guān)系,為離心通風(fēng)機低噪聲結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計及振動預(yù)估提供一項簡潔的新手段。首先,針對常規(guī)結(jié)構(gòu)的離心通風(fēng)機進(jìn)行不同湍流模型、網(wǎng)格數(shù)目及幾何模型處理等方面的計算對比分析,以確定合適的計算模型,為本文計算分析提供有效依據(jù);在此基礎(chǔ)上,針對離心通風(fēng)機葉輪、蝸舌等部件結(jié)構(gòu)等的變化,進(jìn)行計算對比,從總性能、定常流動方面分析離心通風(fēng)機局部結(jié)構(gòu)變化對性能的影響,初步分析離心通風(fēng)機內(nèi)部流動的激勵,為后文結(jié)構(gòu)-氣動特性-振動特性的分析提供定性分析的依據(jù);其次,在定常計算分析的基礎(chǔ)上,對常規(guī)結(jié)構(gòu)離心通風(fēng)機內(nèi)部流動進(jìn)行非定常計算分析,探索離心通風(fēng)機內(nèi)部壓力脈動產(chǎn)生機理和不同位置的變化規(guī)律;在此基礎(chǔ)上,以常規(guī)結(jié)構(gòu)為基準(zhǔn),進(jìn)行葉型、蝸舌局部結(jié)構(gòu)變化情況下的壓力脈動計算,分析局部結(jié)構(gòu)變化對離心通風(fēng)機內(nèi)部氣動激勵的影響;通過比較標(biāo)準(zhǔn)結(jié)構(gòu)下不同區(qū)域和不同結(jié)構(gòu)下對應(yīng)區(qū)域壓力脈動的變化情況,初步掌握離心通風(fēng)機內(nèi)部氣動激勵的沿周向和軸向的分布規(guī)律以及結(jié)構(gòu)變化對離心通風(fēng)機內(nèi)部氣動激勵的定量影響。在計算分析的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行常規(guī)結(jié)構(gòu)下離心通風(fēng)機內(nèi)部流場的測試,通過內(nèi)部流動、靜壓分布和壓力脈動測試,對比驗證計算和試驗的有效性;通過計算和測試對比發(fā)現(xiàn),在獲得整體規(guī)律上計算結(jié)果和測試結(jié)果基本一致,并且在具體量值上也較為接近(誤差在10%)以內(nèi),并以此對通風(fēng)機內(nèi)部如葉輪進(jìn)出口、葉片通道等位置的壓力分布及脈動進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步分析,為探索結(jié)構(gòu)與氣動激勵之間的關(guān)系提供了更為可靠的依據(jù)。最后,進(jìn)行離心通風(fēng)機振動測試,通過常規(guī)結(jié)構(gòu)樣機壓力脈動測試值、計算值和振動測試值的對比及關(guān)聯(lián)性分析,進(jìn)一步獲得氣動激勵對通風(fēng)機殼體振動的影響以及在此激勵下典型位置、典型頻率的振動特性;在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過不同葉輪結(jié)構(gòu)、不同蝸舌結(jié)構(gòu)典型位置壓力脈動計算值和樣機對應(yīng)位置振動測試值的分析,初步總結(jié)本文研究這一類離心通風(fēng)機氣動特性與典型位置、典型頻率振動的量級關(guān)系,為離心通風(fēng)機低噪聲設(shè)計提供有效參考。
[Abstract]:The research on the low noise design of centrifugal fan is the development demand of national economy and national defense military related equipment, and it is also the strategic requirement for protecting the ecological environment and sustainable development. In the last decade, with the development of science and technology, there are great progress in the analysis of aerodynamic performance and vibration and noise control of centrifugal fan. However, at the same time, there are still some shortcomings. First, there is little research on the mechanism of aerodynamic excitation and the specific distribution characteristics of the centrifugal fan. Secondly, the research on the prediction and control measures of the ventilator's vibration and noise is mostly focused on the fluid solid coupling analysis, and the process is complicated and long. The former means and the present research situation still have large error. It is difficult to provide engineering application guidance for the changeable actual demand in the field of centrifugal fan. Aerodynamic excitation is one of the most important factors affecting the vibration of centrifugal fan. This paper mainly takes the actual application requirements of the current engineering as the starting point, and adopts the flow field simulation meter. The calculation and verification of the flow field test - the vibration test - the step of the aerodynamic characteristic and the vibration correlation analysis, through the calculation and test analysis of the internal aerodynamic excitation of the centrifugal fan and the vibration test, the influence of the aerodynamic factors on the vibration of the centrifugal fan is explored directly, and the relation between the aerodynamic characteristics of the centrifugal fan and the vibration is obtained. The low noise structure design and vibration prediction of the centrifugal fan provide a simple novice section. Firstly, the calculation and comparison of the different turbulence models for the conventional structure centrifugal fan, the number of grid numbers and the geometric model processing are compared, so as to determine the appropriate calculation model and provide the effective basis for the calculation and analysis of this paper; and this foundation is based on this basis. In view of the changes in the structure of the centrifugal fan impeller and the worm tongue and other components, the influence of the local structure change on the performance of the centrifugal fan is analyzed from the total performance and constant flow, and the internal flow excitation of the centrifugal fan is preliminarily analyzed to provide the qualitative analysis for the analysis of the later structure aerodynamic characteristics vibration characteristics. Secondly, on the basis of the constant calculation and analysis, the unsteady calculation and analysis of the internal flow of the conventional centrifugal fan are carried out, and the mechanism of pressure pulsation and the change of the different positions are explored in the centrifugal fan. On this basis, the pressure pulsation under the normal structure as the base, the moving leaf type and the local structure of the worm tongue is changed. The influence of local structural change on the internal aerodynamic excitation of centrifugal fan is analyzed. By comparing the changes of pressure fluctuation in different regions and different structures under the standard structure, the distribution law of the aerodynamic excitation along the circumferential and axial direction of the centrifugal fan and the change of the structure to the inner of the centrifugal fan are preliminarily studied. On the basis of the calculation and analysis, the internal flow field of the centrifugal fan under the conventional structure is tested. The effectiveness of the calculation and test is verified by the internal flow, the static pressure distribution and the pressure pulsation test. The calculation results and the test results are found to be basic through the calculation and test comparison. In addition, the pressure distribution and pulsation in the ventilator, such as impeller inlet and exit, blade passage, and so on, are further analyzed in order to find a more reliable basis for exploring the relationship between structure and aerodynamic excitation. Finally, the vibration test of centrifugal fan is carried out. According to the pressure fluctuation test value of the conventional prototype, the comparison of calculated value and the vibration test value and the correlation analysis, the influence of the aerodynamic excitation on the vibration of the fan shell and the typical position and the typical frequency vibration characteristics under this excitation are obtained. On this basis, the typical position pressure of different worm tongue structure is passed through different impeller structures. The analysis of the calculation value of the force pulsation and the test value of the corresponding position of the prototype of the prototype, and the preliminary summary of the study on the aerodynamic characteristics of this type of centrifugal fan, the typical position and the magnitude relation of the typical frequency vibration, can provide an effective reference for the low noise design of the centrifugal fan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國艦船研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH432

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