本文選題：輸氣管道 + 固體顆粒��； 參考：《北京交通大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著科技和工業(yè)的發(fā)展,作為清潔能源的天然氣在全球能源鏈中的地位逐年提高。管道作為天然氣的主要輸送方式,在石油天然氣的開采和運輸中都起著重要的作用。由于天然氣管道內(nèi)的氣體壓力較大,一旦管道在天然氣輸送過程中發(fā)生破壞,可能引發(fā)嚴重的災(zāi)難性事故,威脅到人們的生命和財產(chǎn)安全。近年來,全球范圍內(nèi)由于天然氣管道泄漏造成的事故屢見不鮮,輸氣管道的安全運行也逐漸受到人們的重視。研究表明,輸氣管道的減薄及穿孔破壞主要是由管道內(nèi)固體顆粒沖蝕磨損造成的,且含固體顆粒沖蝕作用的管道破壞速度遠高于純腐蝕作用下管道的破壞速度。因此,研究固體顆粒屬性對沖蝕磨損的影響規(guī)律,以及流場作用對天然氣管道沖蝕磨損的影響規(guī)律,改進已有的沖蝕磨損計算方法,提出在役天然氣管道沖蝕磨損速率預(yù)測計算模型,對天然氣管道的壽命預(yù)測和管道的安全運行、防護有重大意義。論文主要研究工作如下:(1)完成不同運行條件下固體顆粒的沖蝕磨損試驗,研究固體顆粒屬性(尺寸、形狀和流量)對沖蝕磨損速率的影響規(guī)律。利用PIV(ParticleImageVelocimetry)和PTV(Particle Tracking Velocimetry)兩種方法測量顆粒速度,并分析了這兩種常用速度計算方法的差異性。根據(jù)試驗結(jié)果,分析了相同氣相參數(shù)條件下,顆粒流量對顆粒速度的影響,提出在固體顆粒沖蝕磨損試驗中控制顆粒流量的重要性。總結(jié)了不同顆粒屬性對試件沖蝕磨損速率的影響規(guī)律,并分別提出關(guān)于顆粒直徑和沖蝕磨損速率以及顆粒流量和沖蝕磨損速率間的關(guān)系函數(shù)。(2)利用固體顆粒沖蝕磨損試驗臺,完成4種典型輸氣管線鋼材料(X70、X80、X65和20G)的固體顆粒沖蝕磨損實驗。根據(jù)沖蝕磨損實驗結(jié)果,對比微粒噴漿沖蝕(MSE)標準沖蝕測試方法的測試結(jié)果,分析4種典型管材的耐固體顆粒沖蝕磨損性能。根據(jù)不同沖擊角度下試件的沖蝕磨損實驗結(jié)果,進行管材壁面碰撞規(guī)律研究。基于流體動力學(CFD)仿真分析方法,進行固體顆粒沖蝕磨損實驗的仿真分析,為復雜流場工況條件下典型管件的模型建立提供依據(jù)。(3)搭建典型管件彎頭的簡化沖蝕磨損實驗臺,根據(jù)實驗結(jié)果進行彎頭的沖蝕磨損流體動力學仿真分析。在彎頭沖蝕磨損仿真模型基礎(chǔ)上,加入典型管材壁面碰撞規(guī)律研究結(jié)果,建立工況中彎頭沖蝕磨損流體動力學仿真計算模型。利用仿真分析方法,研究多屬性耦合作用對沖蝕磨損速率的影響規(guī)律。根據(jù)研究結(jié)果,分別提出顆粒速度和直徑、顆粒速度和流量、顆粒速度和形狀對彎頭沖蝕磨損速率的耦合影響關(guān)系式,為計算兩種屬性同時變化時固體顆粒沖蝕磨損速率提供依據(jù)。(4)研究流場作用對工況條件下彎頭沖蝕磨損速率的影響。依據(jù)簡化沖蝕磨損實驗及工況中彎頭的沖蝕磨損仿真模型,分別研究了低壓、高壓條件下,氣-固兩相速度存在差異時,彎頭沖蝕磨損速率的變化規(guī)律。提出在高壓條件下,計算顆粒沖蝕磨損速率時氣相速度的重要性。對比現(xiàn)有簡化沖蝕磨損速率計算方法,加入氣-固兩相速度差異對沖蝕磨損速率計算結(jié)果的影響,提出簡化沖蝕磨損速率計算方法。(5)研究流場作用對典型管件三通的最大沖蝕磨損位置的影響。依據(jù)新疆輸氣管道事故,進行三通內(nèi)流場分析及對應(yīng)流體動力學建模,研究流場作用對顆粒運動狀態(tài)的影響規(guī)律。根據(jù)事故報告及三通仿真分析結(jié)果,提出三通最大沖蝕磨損位置與三通兩個入口速度間的關(guān)系函數(shù)。為實際工程中,預(yù)測三通可能發(fā)生最大沖蝕磨損的位置提供理論指導。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology and industry, the status of natural gas as a clean energy in the global energy chain is increasing year by year. As the main transport mode of natural gas, pipelines play an important role in the exploitation and transportation of oil and natural gas. As the gas pressure in the natural gas pipeline is large, the pipeline is sent in the process of natural gas transportation. In recent years, accidents caused by natural gas pipeline leakage are common in the world, and the safe operation of gas pipeline has gradually been paid attention to. The research shows that the thinning and perforation of the gas pipeline is mainly caused by the internal fixation of the pipeline. The damage speed of pipeline with solid particle erosion is much higher than that of pure corrosion. Therefore, the influence law of solid particle properties on erosion wear and the effect of flow field on erosion wear of natural gas pipeline are studied, and the existing calculation method of erosion and abrasion is improved. The prediction model of erosion wear rate of natural gas pipeline is proposed, which is of great significance to the life prediction of natural gas pipeline and the safe operation of the pipeline. The main research work of this paper is as follows: (1) complete the erosion wear test of solid particles under different operating conditions and study the solid particle properties (size, shape and flow) to the erosion mill. The particle velocity is measured by two methods of PIV (ParticleImageVelocimetry) and PTV (Particle Tracking Velocimetry), and the difference between the two methods of velocity calculation is analyzed. The effect of particle flow on particle velocity under the same gas phase parameters is analyzed. The importance of controlling particle flow in grain erosion wear test. The influence law of different particle properties on the erosion wear rate of the specimen is summarized, and the relation function of particle diameter and erosion wear rate, particle flow and erosion wear rate are put forward respectively. (2) using solid particle erosion test bench to complete 4 typical types of transportation. Erosion and wear experiments of solid particles in steel materials (X70, X80, X65 and 20G). According to the experimental results of erosion and abrasion, compared with the test results of the standard erosion test method of particle jet erosion (MSE), the erosion and wear properties of solid particles of 4 typical pipes were analyzed. Study on the collision law of pipe wall surface. Based on the simulation analysis method of fluid dynamics (CFD), the simulation analysis of solid particle erosion wear experiment is carried out, which provides the basis for the model establishment of typical tube under the condition of complex flow field. (3) a simplified erosion wear test bench for typical pipe bending head is built, and the erosion wear of the elbow is carried out according to the experimental results. On the basis of the simulation model of the elbow erosion and abrasion, the simulation model of the fluid dynamics simulation of the elbow erosion and erosion in the working condition is established on the basis of the simulation model of the elbow erosion and wear. The influence of the multi attribute coupling effect on the erosion wear rate is studied by the simulation analysis method. The coupling effect of particle velocity and diameter, particle velocity and flow, particle velocity and shape on the erosion wear rate of the elbow is proposed, which provides the basis for calculating the erosion and wear rate of solid particles when the two properties are simultaneously changed. (4) study the effect of flow field on the erosion rate of the elbow under the working condition. In the wear experiment and the simulation model of the erosion and abrasion of the elbow in the working condition, the change law of the erosion rate of the elbow is studied under the conditions of low pressure and high pressure and the difference of gas solid two phase velocity. The importance of calculating the velocity of the gas phase at the high pressure condition is put forward. Method, the influence of gas solid two phase velocity difference on the calculation results of erosion wear rate is added. The simplified calculation method of erosion wear rate is proposed. (5) study the effect of flow field on the maximum erosion and wear position of typical three pipe fittings. According to the accident of Xinjiang gas pipeline, the analysis of internal flow field and the corresponding fluid dynamics modeling and research flow are carried out. According to the accident report and the results of the three pass simulation analysis, the relationship function between the maximum erosion wear position of the three pass and the velocity of the three pass and two entrance is put forward, which provides the theoretical guidance for the prediction of the position of the maximum erosion and wear of the three pass in the actual project.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE973

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