本文選題：古建筑木構(gòu)件 + 飽水木質(zhì)文物　； 參考：《中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：開展古建筑和出土飽水木材的測年、樹種識(shí)別及其細(xì)胞壁結(jié)構(gòu)變化機(jī)理的研究,將為揭示木材背后的文化及社會(huì)背景提供科學(xué)依據(jù),同時(shí)也將為古建筑和出土飽水木材的加固與保存技術(shù)的發(fā)展提供重要科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。本論文分別以山西12座古代木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑中41份木構(gòu)件的木材樣品作為地上木質(zhì)遺存的代表,并以浙江良渚遺址群3個(gè)代表性遺址出土的79份飽水木質(zhì)文物的木材樣品作為地下木質(zhì)遺存的代表,通過放射性同位素分析與木材樹種識(shí)別技術(shù),闡明山西古代木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑和浙江良渚遺址群木質(zhì)器物的基本用材原則,并通過木材細(xì)胞壁微觀構(gòu)造與化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)研究,揭示不同保存環(huán)境、部位和樹種等因素對(duì)古代木建筑木構(gòu)件和飽水木質(zhì)文物的木材細(xì)胞壁結(jié)構(gòu)變化的影響規(guī)律。主要研究結(jié)論歸納如下:(一)古建筑和出土飽水木材的樹種識(shí)別及生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)背景(1)在12所唐至民國時(shí)期的山西古代木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑中,14C測年數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)史料記載的年代進(jìn)行了佐證和補(bǔ)充。并根據(jù)識(shí)別出的11個(gè)屬的木材,證明“就近取材”是其重要用材原則,從而導(dǎo)致不同區(qū)域的用材存在一定差異。且山西古代的先民已能夠充分掌握木材的加工等性質(zhì),并能對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)爻Ｒ姌浞N進(jìn)行合理利用,出現(xiàn)了木構(gòu)件的二次利用。(2)在新石器時(shí)期良渚遺址群出土的飽水木質(zhì)文物中,共識(shí)別出17個(gè)屬的木材,“就地取材”依舊是其主要用材原則,但受采集狩獵活動(dòng)限制,取材范圍較小。通過不同的構(gòu)件及器物類型所用的樹種可知,三個(gè)遺址的用材受木材加工性能和木材材性的影響較小。且不同遺址的用材可能受到遺址地位和功能的影響,存在明顯差異。(二)古建筑和出土飽水木材的細(xì)胞壁結(jié)構(gòu)變化(1)古建筑腐朽木材中,其細(xì)胞壁結(jié)構(gòu)及化學(xué)成分相比于現(xiàn)代木材存在明顯差異。表現(xiàn)為任一邊材部位,半纖維素首先遭到降解,從而對(duì)纖維素的穩(wěn)定性產(chǎn)生影響,碳水化合物的濃度降低,木質(zhì)素相對(duì)含量明顯增加。晚材次生壁S2層成為微生物降解的主要區(qū)域。(2)出土飽水木材中,次生壁出現(xiàn)典型的海綿狀結(jié)構(gòu)或空洞。且葡聚糖側(cè)鏈的乙�；�,纖維素結(jié)晶區(qū)遭到破壞,多糖類物質(zhì)遭到了嚴(yán)重的降解,木質(zhì)素結(jié)構(gòu)未發(fā)生明顯改變,但相對(duì)含量明顯增加。受化學(xué)成分變化的影響,木材中的碳(C)、氧(O)等主要元素,及鐵(Fe)、硅(Si)等微量元素的相對(duì)含量略有差異。(3)古建筑腐朽木柱的不同高度,其細(xì)胞壁結(jié)構(gòu)及化學(xué)成分差異明顯,越靠近柱基,其降解程度越深。(4)出土飽水木材的降解程度,受埋藏環(huán)境影響明顯,其降解程度為:美人地遺址卞家山遺址莫角山遺址。但因?yàn)槟巧竭z和美人地遺址均屬良渚晚期,而卞家山處于良渚中期偏晚到良渚晚期偏早階段,因此說明出土飽水木材的降解程度與埋藏年代不呈正相關(guān)。(5)垂直插入土壤的出土飽水木材降解程度,受取樣位置的影響明顯。同一木構(gòu)件的底端保存狀態(tài)略優(yōu)于頂端,心材的保存狀態(tài)略優(yōu)于邊材。(6)出土飽水木材的降解程度,還明顯受到針葉樹材與闊葉樹材的差異影響。相比于馬尾松(Pinus massoniana),錐木(Castanopsis)出土飽水木材的細(xì)胞壁結(jié)構(gòu)、化學(xué)成分及元素相對(duì)含量變化程度,受遺址差異的影響更大。
[Abstract]:The study of tree recognition and the mechanism of cell wall structure change will provide scientific basis for revealing the cultural and social background behind the wood, and also provide an important scientific basis for the development of the reinforcement and preservation technology for ancient and unearthed wood. This paper is in Shanxi 12, respectively. The wood samples of 41 wood components in the ancient wooden structure are represented as the remains of the wood, and the wood samples of 79 full water woody relics unearthed from the 3 representative sites of the Liangzhu site group in Zhejiang are represented as the remains of the woodiness, and the ancient wood knot in Shanxi is clarified by radioisotope analysis and wood tree identification technology. The basic timber principles of construction and Zhejiang Liangzhu site group were studied. Through the study of the microscopic structure and chemical structure of wood cell wall, the influence of different preservation environment, location and tree species on the changes of wood cell wall structure in ancient wood building and full water wooden relics were revealed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the identification of tree species and the ecological and economic background of the ancient buildings and unearthed saturated wood (1) in the ancient wooden structures of Shanxi in the period of the 12 Tang to the Republic of China, the data of the dating of the historical data were testified and supplemented by the 14C dating data. According to the identified timber of 11 genera, it was proved that the "near material" was the principle of its important timber. There are certain differences in the materials used in different regions. And the ancient Shanxi ancestors have been able to fully grasp the properties of wood processing, and can make rational use of the common local tree species, and the two use of wooden pieces appeared. (2) in the satiety wooden relics unearthed from the Liangzhu site group in the Neolithic period, 17 genera of wood were identified, "take the place on the ground" Wood is still the main principle of material use, but limited by hunting and hunting activities. The wood materials used in different components and utensils can be seen that the wood properties of the three sites are less affected by the wood processing and wood properties. Differences. (two) changes in cell wall structure of ancient buildings and unearthed saturated wood (1) the cell wall structure and chemical composition of the ancient buildings were significantly different from those of modern wood. It showed that the hemicellulose was degraded first, and the stability of fibrin was affected and the concentration of carbohydrates decreased. The relative content of lignin increased obviously. The secondary wall S2 layer of late wood became the main area of microbial degradation. (2) the secondary wall appeared to be a typical cavernous structure or cavity in the unearthed saturated wood. The acetyl group of the side chain of glucan disappeared, the cellulose crystal area was destroyed, the polysaccharides were seriously degraded and the lignin structure did not occur. The relative content of carbon (C), oxygen (O) and other major elements in wood, and iron (Fe), silicon (Si) and other trace elements in wood were slightly different. (3) the cell wall structure and chemical composition of the ancient buildings were different, the closer to the column, the deeper the degradation degree. 4) the degradation degree of the unearthed water saturated wood is affected by the buried environment, and its degradation degree is: Mt. Mojiao monsite site, Bian Jiashan site, Mei Di site. But the remains of Mt. Mojiao and the ruins of beauty land belong to the late Liangzhu, while Bian Jiashan is in the late Liangzhu late Liangzhu early stage of Liangzhu, which indicates the degree of degradation of the unearthed wood. There was no positive correlation between the burial age. (5) the degradation degree of the unearthed saturated wood with vertical insertion of soil was significantly affected by the sampling position. The preservation state at the bottom end of the same wooden piece was slightly superior to the top, and the preservation state of the heartwood was slightly better than that of the sapwood. (6) the degradation degree of the unearthed satiety wood was obviously influenced by the difference between coniferous wood and broadleaf wood. Compared to Pinus massoniana (Pinus massoniana), the cell wall structure of the taper wood (Castanopsis) unearthed full water wood, the change degree of the chemical composition and the relative content of the elements was greatly influenced by the difference of the site.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S781.1

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王思群;;木材酸性測定與應(yīng)用[J];林業(yè)科技開發(fā);1989年03期

2 焉樹娟;;幾種常見木材變色的防治[J];科技與企業(yè);2013年24期

3 郭洪武;李春生;王金林;;木材光變色及其防止的研究進(jìn)展[J];林產(chǎn)工業(yè);2006年05期

4 郭明輝;關(guān)鑫;;木材誘發(fā)變色研究現(xiàn)狀與趨勢(shì)[J];世界林業(yè)研究;2008年05期

5 邵靈敏;郭洪武;李黎;劉亞蘭;;木材和染色木材光變色的研究進(jìn)展[J];材料導(dǎo)報(bào);2011年03期

6 康蘆笙;胡中源;肖勁;;一種水性多功能木材保護(hù)劑[J];上海涂料;2011年09期

7 王軍;姜樹海;阮淑華;;木材的顏色與變色[J];吉林林業(yè)科技;1992年01期

8 方文彬;木材應(yīng)用問答300例[J];北京木材工業(yè);1997年03期

9 李玉棟;木材的變色及其預(yù)防和控制[J];人造板通訊;2002年03期

10 韓英磊;李艷云;周宇;;木材光降解機(jī)理及研究進(jìn)展[J];世界林業(yè)研究;2011年04期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前4條

1 張金萍;;考古木材的變色與脫色研究[A];中國文物保護(hù)技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)第三次學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];2004年

2 趙榮軍;費(fèi)本華;江澤慧;;人工林桉樹木材顏色和耐光性[A];2005年中國科協(xié)學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)26分會(huì)場論文集（2）[C];2005年

3 夏璐;;考古飽水木質(zhì)文物基本特性的界定[A];中國文物保護(hù)技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)第四次學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];2005年

4 趙桂芳;嵇益民;馬菁毓;楊淼;;探究用聚乙二醇處理飽水古代濕木色澤變化的原因[A];中國文物保護(hù)技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)第三次學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];2004年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 董夢(mèng)妤;古建筑和出土飽水木材鑒別與細(xì)胞壁結(jié)構(gòu)變化[D];中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院;2017年

2 劉志佳;溫致變色木材的制備和機(jī)理研究[D];中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院;2010年

3 王志娟;木材變色菌的生物學(xué)特性及其防治[D];中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院;2005年

4 謝滿華;化學(xué)處理木材的應(yīng)力松弛[D];北京林業(yè)大學(xué);2006年

5 徐凱宏;壓阻式木材內(nèi)部缺陷類無損檢測理論與技術(shù)的研究[D];東北林業(yè)大學(xué);2004年

6 常德龍;人工林木材變色與防治技術(shù)研究[D];東北林業(yè)大學(xué);2005年

7 劉欣;白樺木材耐腐能力差異和木腐菌腐朽木材基因差異表達(dá)[D];東北林業(yè)大學(xué);2009年

8 史薔;熱處理對(duì)圓盤豆木材性能影響及其機(jī)理研究[D];中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院;2011年

9 李小清;白樺木材生物變色機(jī)理及防治研究[D];北京林業(yè)大學(xué);2008年

10 陳志林;陶瓷化復(fù)合木材復(fù)合方法與性能的基礎(chǔ)性研究[D];北京工業(yè)大學(xué);2003年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 曹文;微波處理對(duì)兩種木材干燥特性的影響[D];浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué);2015年

2 袁沛沛;蔗糖/氮羥甲基樹脂改性木材的涂飾、老化、防霉性能研究[D];東北林業(yè)大學(xué);2016年

3 高悅文;古木材性退化人工模擬及其損傷本構(gòu)模型的研究[D];揚(yáng)州大學(xué);2016年

4 范文俊;熱處理毛白楊木材在節(jié)能門窗上的應(yīng)用特性研究[D];華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2016年

5 盧丹;熱處理對(duì)香椿木材性能的影響研究[D];四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2016年

6 李剛;利用原子轉(zhuǎn)移自由基聚合方法的木材表面功能性改良[D];東北林業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

7 于雷;計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描技術(shù)在木材檢測中的應(yīng)用[D];東北林業(yè)大學(xué);2007年

8 張麗春;木材表面犁鏵預(yù)處理工藝及設(shè)備的研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2001年

9 馬瑞杰;化學(xué)成分及金屬離子對(duì)木材熱誘導(dǎo)變色的影響[D];北京林業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

10 侯新毅;三種桉樹木材的機(jī)械加工和透明涂飾性能研究[D];北京林業(yè)大學(xué);2004年

，

本文編號(hào)：1944971