本文選題：老采空區(qū) + 穩(wěn)定性評(píng)價(jià)�。� 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來,我國經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展,高速公路作為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的必然產(chǎn)物,截至2016年底,我國高速公路總里程已達(dá)13萬公里,居世界第一。隨著高速公路網(wǎng)的加密,其在煤礦老采空區(qū)上方的建設(shè)將日趨普遍。如何保障車輛的運(yùn)行安全將是老采空區(qū)上方高速公路建設(shè)的關(guān)鍵問題。為此,本文綜合采用現(xiàn)場調(diào)研,野外勘測,數(shù)值模擬、相似材料模擬及理論分析等多種技術(shù)手段,圍繞著煤礦老采空區(qū)高速公路建設(shè)安全性評(píng)價(jià)及其關(guān)鍵技術(shù)展開研究,主要取得了以下研究成果:1)將老采空區(qū)覆巖視為多元介質(zhì)耦合的力學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)體,分別采用廣義開爾文體、砌體梁結(jié)構(gòu)和復(fù)合巖梁結(jié)構(gòu)描述垮落帶、斷裂帶和彎曲帶巖體的移動(dòng)變形。在此基礎(chǔ)上,揭示了長壁垮落法開采老采空區(qū)的失穩(wěn)機(jī)理,并將老采空區(qū)“活化”類型歸納為I類緩慢壓縮蠕變型、II類強(qiáng)度衰減蠕變型、I類強(qiáng)度衰減結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn)型和II類外力干擾結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn)型四類。2)采用數(shù)值模擬方法建立了29個(gè)數(shù)值模型,揭示了路堤高度、路面剛度、車輛載重及車輛速度四個(gè)因素對(duì)車輛荷載擾動(dòng)深度的影響機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明車輛荷載的擾動(dòng)深度與路堤高度呈線性關(guān)系,與路面剛度、車輛載重及車輛速度呈對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)關(guān)系。采用極差標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化法分析了各影響因素對(duì)擾動(dòng)深度的影響程度,由大到小依次為車輛載重、車輛速度、路面剛度和路堤高度。在上述研究的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合多元回歸分析和疊加原理得到了車輛荷載擾動(dòng)深度的計(jì)算公式,最終給出了車輛動(dòng)荷載擾動(dòng)下煤礦老采空區(qū)安全深度的計(jì)算方法。3)總結(jié)歸納了老采空區(qū)上方高速公路建設(shè)場地穩(wěn)定性的主要影響因素,采用數(shù)值模擬的方法揭示了各影響因素的作用機(jī)理,結(jié)果表明巖體結(jié)構(gòu)、深厚比和沖積層厚度等因素與建設(shè)場地穩(wěn)定性正相關(guān);地質(zhì)構(gòu)造復(fù)雜程度、巖石力學(xué)強(qiáng)度和重復(fù)采動(dòng)等因素與建設(shè)場地穩(wěn)定性負(fù)相關(guān);采動(dòng)程度與老采空區(qū)建設(shè)場地穩(wěn)定性非線性相關(guān),隨著采動(dòng)程度的增加,其穩(wěn)定性呈現(xiàn)出由高變低再變高的過程。在此基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建了煤礦老采空區(qū)上方高速公路建設(shè)場地穩(wěn)定性組合評(píng)判模型,融合灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析、層次分析法和特征向量法給出了組合評(píng)判模型中評(píng)價(jià)要素權(quán)重的計(jì)算方法,利用散點(diǎn)圖法分析了定量因素的隸屬函數(shù),最終結(jié)合隸屬函數(shù)和德菲爾法確定了全部評(píng)價(jià)因子的隸屬度。4)為了克服現(xiàn)有預(yù)測模型的缺陷,結(jié)合老采空區(qū)建設(shè)場地移動(dòng)變形“源”的分布特征,基于概率積分法和疊加原理構(gòu)建了老采空區(qū)上方高速公路建設(shè)場地移動(dòng)變形的組合預(yù)測模型。結(jié)合具體算例對(duì)比分析了組合預(yù)測模型與現(xiàn)有預(yù)測模型的預(yù)測效果,結(jié)果表明組合預(yù)測模型能夠全面反映老采空區(qū)殘余變形“源”導(dǎo)致的建設(shè)場地移動(dòng)變形,可以有效地解決現(xiàn)有預(yù)測模型的不足,且該模型能夠顧及老采空區(qū)“活化”變形的時(shí)間效應(yīng),使得預(yù)測結(jié)果更加科學(xué)合理。5)給出了煤礦老采空區(qū)上方高速公路建設(shè)安全性評(píng)價(jià)研究的一般工作流程,明確了各個(gè)工作階段的具體研究內(nèi)容及工作方法,總結(jié)分析了地球物理勘探及變形監(jiān)測技術(shù)的適用條件,提出了高速公路下伏老采空區(qū)的治理對(duì)策,最終建議了相關(guān)類似課題研究報(bào)告中需涵蓋的主要內(nèi)容。6)將本文研究成果應(yīng)用于武云高速建設(shè)的安全性評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果表明武云高速建設(shè)場地處于基本穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),主要表現(xiàn)為I類緩慢壓縮蠕變型和II類強(qiáng)度衰減蠕變型的“活化”類型。預(yù)測建設(shè)場地的最大殘余沉降值為184mm,最大傾斜值為1.2mm/m,最大曲率值為0.02mm/m2,最大水平移動(dòng)為76mm,最大拉伸變形為1.45mm/m,最大壓縮變形為0.76mm/m,但上述變形是大范圍、逐漸發(fā)生的,不會(huì)出現(xiàn)突發(fā)性的失穩(wěn)沉降。綜上所述,武云高速下伏老采空區(qū)殘余變形“源”導(dǎo)致的建設(shè)場地移動(dòng)變形不會(huì)對(duì)高速公路車輛的運(yùn)行安全造成威脅。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's economy has developed rapidly. As an inevitable product of economic development, as of the end of 2016, the total mileage of the highway in China has reached 130 thousand kilometers and ranks first in the world. With the encryption of the highway network, the construction above the old coal mining area in the coal mine will be all over the world. How to ensure the safety of the vehicle's operation will be on the old goaf To solve the key problems of the construction of the freeway, this paper uses a variety of technical means such as field investigation, field survey, numerical simulation, similar material simulation and theoretical analysis, and studies the safety evaluation and key technology of the expressway construction in the old coal mine goaf. The main achievements are as follows: 1) the old goaf The overlying rock is considered as a mechanical structural body coupled with multiple media, with the generalized Kunal style, masonry beam structure and composite rock beam structure describing the movement and deformation of the caving zone, fracture zone and bended rock mass. On this basis, the instability mechanism of the long wall caving method in the mining of the old goaf is revealed, and the "activation" type of the old goaf is summed up into the I class. Slow compressing vermicular form, II class strength attenuating vermicular type, I class intensity attenuated structural instability type and II type external force interference structure instability type four type.2), 29 numerical models are established by numerical simulation method. The influence mechanism of four factors, embankment height, pavement stiffness, vehicle load and vehicle speed on vehicle load disturbance depth, is revealed. It shows that the disturbance depth of vehicle load has a linear relationship with the height of embankment, and has a logarithmic function relationship with road stiffness, vehicle load and vehicle speed. The influence degree of the influence factors on the depth of disturbance is analyzed by the method of extreme standardization. From large to small, the vehicle load, vehicle speed, pavement stiffness and embankment height are in turn. On the basis of the multiple regression analysis and superposition principle, the calculation formula for the depth of the vehicle load disturbance is obtained. Finally, the calculation method of the safety depth of the old mine goaf under the dynamic load disturbance of the vehicle.3 is given. The main factors affecting the stability of the expressway construction site above the old goaf are summarized, and the numerical simulation is adopted. The method reveals the mechanism of the influence factors. The results show that the rock mass structure, the depth ratio and the alluvial thickness are positively related to the stability of the construction site, and the geological structure complexity, the rock mechanics strength and the repeated mining are negatively related to the stability of the construction site, and the mining degree is nonlinear with the stability of the construction site in the old goaf. On the basis of this, the stability combination evaluation model of the expressway construction site above the old coal mine goaf is constructed, and the weight of the evaluation factors in the combined evaluation model is given by combining the grey relational analysis, the analytic hierarchy process and the eigenvector method. The membership function of the quantitative factors is analyzed by the method of scatter plot, and the membership degree.4 of all the evaluation factors is determined with the membership function and the Delphi method. In order to overcome the defects of the existing prediction model, it combines the distribution characteristics of the "source" of the moving deformation of the construction site of the old goaf, and builds on the probability integral method and the superposition principle. Combined with specific examples, the combined prediction model and the existing prediction model are compared and analyzed. The results show that the combined prediction model can fully reflect the moving deformation of the construction site caused by the "source" of the residual deformation in the old goaf, and it can be effective. In order to solve the shortage of the existing prediction model, and the model can take account of the time effect of "activated" deformation in the old goaf, make the prediction result more scientific and reasonable.5), it gives the general working process of the safety evaluation study on the expressway construction above the old coal mine goaf, and clarifies the specific research content and working party of each work stage. The applicable conditions of geophysical exploration and deformation monitoring technology are summarized and analyzed, and the Countermeasures of the old goaf are put forward. Finally, the main contents of the related research report.6) are proposed. The results of this study are applied to the safety evaluation of the high speed construction of Wu Yun. The results show that the Wuhan cloud is built at high speed. The site is in the basic stable state, mainly as the "activation" type of I type slow compressing vermicular type and II class strength attenuation creep type. The maximum residual settlement value of the construction site is 184mm, the maximum tilt value is 1.2mm/m, the maximum curvature value is 0.02mm/m2, the maximum horizontal shift is 76mm, the maximum tensile deformation is 1.45mm/m, and the maximum compression is compressed. The deformation is 0.76mm/m, but the above deformation is in a large range, which will not occur abrupt unstable settlement. In summary, the movement and deformation of the construction site caused by the residual deformation of the old goaf at Wuhan high speed is not a threat to the safety of the motorway vehicles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U412.22

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