本文選題：河流水質(zhì) + 評(píng)價(jià)　； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院教育部水土保持與生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中心》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：陜西省位于內(nèi)陸腹地,由北至南橫跨干旱半干旱區(qū)、半濕潤(rùn)區(qū)、濕潤(rùn)區(qū),境內(nèi)有黃河、長(zhǎng)江穿境而過(guò)。以北山和秦嶺為界,陜西省自北向南可以分為陜北,關(guān)中和陜南三大自然區(qū)域。為較全面真實(shí)的反映該省省地表水水質(zhì)狀況,選取不同生態(tài)類型區(qū)的3條主要河流(渭河、延河和漢江)為研究對(duì)象,依據(jù)河流27斷面水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)資料,參照地面水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB3838-2002),從溶解氧(DO)、高錳酸鹽指數(shù)(COD_(MN))、生化需氧量(BOD5)、氨氮(NH_3-N)、揮發(fā)酚、石油、化學(xué)需氧量(COD)等7個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)出發(fā),對(duì)延河流域5個(gè)斷面、渭河流域13個(gè)斷面、漢江流域9個(gè)斷面的水體污染過(guò)程和控制進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),從水體污染的角度出發(fā)分析了3條典型河流的污染源,提出系統(tǒng)切合實(shí)際的治理對(duì)策。取得如下主要結(jié)論:(1)典型河流水體水質(zhì)呈現(xiàn)明顯的時(shí)空變化特征。2001-2010年間,3條典型河流水質(zhì)改善明顯,27個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)斷面中滿足I~Ⅲ類水質(zhì)水體功能的斷面由11個(gè)增加到18個(gè),達(dá)標(biāo)斷面率為66.7%,Ⅴ類水質(zhì)斷面9個(gè),占33.0%。在空間尺度上,3條典型河流水質(zhì)污染呈現(xiàn)較大的南北空間差異,位于秦嶺以北的渭河干流污染嚴(yán)重,屬重度污染,延河屬輕度污染;位于秦嶺以南的漢江水質(zhì)十年均評(píng)價(jià)為優(yōu)。(2)典型河流水體污染主要以有機(jī)型污染主。渭河流域石油類、NH_3-N、BOD5、DO、COD_(MN)濃度降低明顯,延河流域COD、石油類污染因子污染濃度降低明顯,漢江流域主要以NH_3-N污染為主,并呈現(xiàn)減低趨勢(shì)。(3)典型河流水體污染程度與河流徑流量密切相關(guān)。渭河DO濃度與徑流量呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān)關(guān)系。延河流域BOD5濃度與年徑流量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān);輸沙量與揮發(fā)酚濃度呈正相關(guān)趨勢(shì)NH_3-N濃度與年徑流量顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。漢江徑流與COD_(MN)濃度濃度呈負(fù)相關(guān)趨勢(shì),但相關(guān)性指數(shù)不明顯,年輸沙量和COD_(MN)濃度呈顯著正相關(guān),輸沙量量越大,COD_(MN)越高,水質(zhì)污染越嚴(yán)重。(4)陜西省不同區(qū)域典型河流水體污染呈現(xiàn)不同特征,陜南的漢江流域水體污染物主要來(lái)源于農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染,因此進(jìn)一步改善該流域農(nóng)業(yè)種植模式與結(jié)構(gòu),控制化肥用量是提升漢江水質(zhì)的主要措施;位于關(guān)中地區(qū)的渭河,污染物較為復(fù)雜多樣,一方面需要控制該流域農(nóng)業(yè)種植過(guò)程中化肥用量,另一方面需控制區(qū)域內(nèi)城市各類污水的排放;位于陜北的延河流域以發(fā)展生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè),防止水土流失是提升水質(zhì)的有效措施。
[Abstract]:Shaanxi Province is located in the hinterland, from north to south across the arid and semi-arid, sub-humid, humid areas, the territory of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River across the border. From north to south, Shaanxi Province can be divided into three natural regions: northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi. In order to reflect the surface water quality of the province, three main rivers (Weihe River, Yanhe River and Hanjiang River) in different ecological regions were selected as the research objects, and the monitoring data of water quality of river section 27 were used. Referring to the environmental quality standard of surface water (GB3838-2002U), this paper deals with 7 evaluation indexes, such as dissolved oxygen (DOA), permanganate index (CODX), BOD5, NH3-N, volatile phenol, petroleum, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 13 sections in Weihe river basin, and 5 sections in Yanhe river basin, 13 sections in Weihe river basin, and so on, according to the environmental quality standard GB3838-2002.In this paper, seven evaluation indexes, such as NH3-NU, volatile phenol, petroleum and chemical oxygen demand (COD), are presented. The process and control of water pollution in nine sections of Hanjiang River basin were evaluated. The pollution sources of three typical rivers were analyzed from the point of view of water pollution. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the water quality of typical rivers shows obvious temporal and spatial variation. During 2001-2010, the water quality of 3 typical rivers has improved obviously, and the number of sections satisfying the functions of I- 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：1814614