發(fā)布時間：2018-04-24 23:27

  本文選題：三維編織復合材料圓管 + 軸向沖擊壓縮��； 參考：《東華大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：三維編織復合材料因其厚度方向具有更高強度、剛度、斷裂韌性、沖擊損傷容限,具有抗分層、耐疲勞、凈型性和良好的結(jié)構(gòu)整體性等優(yōu)點,已被廣泛應用于航空航天、汽車和船舶等工程領(lǐng)域。本文采用實驗和細觀結(jié)構(gòu)有限元模擬方法,研究三維編織復合材料圓管在準靜態(tài)和高應變率軸向壓縮條件下破壞機理,探索編織結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)及低溫度場對三維編織復合材料圓管軸向沖擊壓縮行為的影響。本論文主要研究內(nèi)容：(1)采用四步法1×1編織技術(shù)編織不同結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)三維圓形管狀碳纖維預成型體：試件編織角為25°、35°和45°,編織層數(shù)為2層、3層和4層,編織結(jié)構(gòu)為三維四向和五向。(2)常溫和低溫度場下分別測試不同結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)三維四向和五向編織復合材料圓管準靜態(tài)和高應變率下軸向沖擊壓縮行為。準靜態(tài)壓縮實驗中壓縮速度為2mm/min,應變率約為0.001/s；高應變率壓縮實驗中,應變率控制在416/s～936/s；環(huán)境溫度為-100℃～23℃。提取壓縮測試結(jié)果,包括應力-應變曲線、壓縮強度、壓縮剛度、比能量吸收、宏觀破壞形態(tài),利用計算機斷層掃描成像(CT)測試系統(tǒng)及電子掃描顯微鏡(SEM)觀察材料內(nèi)部破壞形態(tài)。(3)常溫下六種不同類型的三維四向和三維五向編織復合材料圓管細觀結(jié)構(gòu)有限元分析基于增強體編織物基本結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),將三維編織復合材料圓管細觀結(jié)構(gòu)幾何模型和材料屬性相結(jié)合,計算復合材料圓管準靜態(tài)和沖擊壓縮破壞過程,得到復合材料應力-應變曲線和最終破壞形態(tài)。(4)基于常溫下建立的三維編織復合材料圓管細觀結(jié)構(gòu)幾何模型,通過實驗和推導確定應變率相關(guān)、溫度依賴材料模型,進行低溫度場沖擊加載下復合材料圓管細觀結(jié)構(gòu)熱力耦合有限元計算。通過增強體和樹脂上特殊節(jié)點溫升-時間曲線、材料沖擊壓縮變形、漸進破壞過程及材料最終破壞形態(tài)應力分布及溫分布云紋圖來揭示復合材料圓管低溫度場下沖擊壓縮熱力耦合破壞過程及機理。通過上述研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：(1)常溫下不同結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)三維四向和五向編織復合材料圓管應力-應變曲線均具有應變率敏感性；每種編織復合材料圓管壓縮強度、剛度和比能量吸收均隨著應變率增加而增大,具有明顯應變率依賴性；在準靜態(tài)和沖擊壓縮加載下,應力-應變曲線均表現(xiàn)彈塑性特征；編織角和編織層數(shù)均明顯影響編織復合材料圓管在不同應變率下的壓縮性能；三維五向編織復合材料圓管比三維四向編織復合材料圓管具有更高的軸向壓縮性能和抗沖擊損傷容限；破壞模式可以分為：剪切破壞、纖維抽拔、纖維斷裂、樹脂開裂、壓縮變形、屈曲破壞、粉碎破壞。低溫度場下,三維編織復合材料圓管的軸向壓縮性質(zhì)優(yōu)于常溫條件,壓縮剛度、強度和比能量吸收對應變率敏感性大于對溫度敏感性；低溫、高應變率下材料呈現(xiàn)脆性特征,材料壓縮破壞形態(tài)包括樹脂開裂、纖維抽拔和斷裂、試樣整體屈曲變形、樹脂和纖維束界面脫粘等。(2)對比準靜態(tài)和動態(tài)有限元模型計算結(jié)果與實驗結(jié)果,兩者具有較好一致性,表明該有限元細觀結(jié)構(gòu)模型能夠?qū)θS編織復合材料圓管的準靜態(tài)和沖擊壓縮基本力學性能進行準確模擬。該有限元細觀結(jié)構(gòu)模型可以深入揭示三維編織復合材料圓管沖擊壓縮失效機理,從沖擊壓縮過程、應力分布、破壞模式等方面對材料進行動態(tài)力學分析。詳細研究了應變率、編織角、編織層數(shù)和軸紗對三維編織復合材料圓管沖擊壓縮性能及破壞模式的影響。通過提取細觀結(jié)構(gòu)模型分析結(jié)果,分別得到三維編織復合材料圓管增強體和樹脂在沖擊壓縮過程中應力分布,再現(xiàn)沖擊壓縮加載下纖維束和樹脂受力變形過程、纖維斷裂、樹脂基體開裂及兩者相互作用狀態(tài),分析增強體和基體在沖擊壓縮過程中承受載荷差異。提取三維五向編織復合材料圓管編織紗、軸紗及樹脂上不同位置特殊節(jié)點應力-時間曲線,分析應力波在編織紗、軸紗和樹脂上傳播差異。結(jié)果表明,應力波在軸紗上傳播速度大于編織紗,樹脂上應力波的傳播是均勻的,軸紗的應力高于編織紗,而樹脂應力遠低于所有紗線。這些實驗中未測到的中間數(shù)據(jù)可以進一步揭示三維五向編織復合材料圓管不同于三維四向編織復合材料圓管的沖擊壓縮破壞機理。(3)低溫條件下,由于沖擊壓縮過程中編織增強結(jié)構(gòu)的壓縮變形對樹脂有擠壓作用,有限元模型計算過程中應力集中最先出現(xiàn)在編織紗線屈曲處并導致樹脂非彈性熱的產(chǎn)生。由于表面編織紗線取向影響,試件沖擊受載面溫升云圖呈散點狀,中部呈“鋸齒”狀剪切帶。編織紗線的溫升大于樹脂且變化速度快于樹脂。上述研究結(jié)果對高速加載下抗沖擊結(jié)構(gòu)件設計有指導價值,編織復合材料圓管在沖擊加載下應變率效應和結(jié)構(gòu)效應明顯,通過有效表征細觀結(jié)構(gòu)尺度力學性質(zhì)和動態(tài)響應可以對復合材料抗沖擊設計提供理論指導。同時低溫條件下熱力耦合響應及破壞機理研究為該復合材料在航天航空領(lǐng)域應用提供參考。
[Abstract]:Three-dimensional braided composites have been widely used in aerospace, automobile and ship engineering fields because of their higher strength, stiffness, fracture toughness, impact damage tolerance, resistance to stratification, fatigue, net shape and good structural integrity. This paper adopts the finite element simulation method of experimental and mesoscopic structures in this paper. The damage mechanism of three-dimensional braided composite circular tube under the condition of quasi static and high strain rate axial compression is studied. The influence of the weaving structure parameters and low temperature field on the axial impact compression behavior of the three-dimensional braided circular tube is explored. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) using the four step method 1 x 1 knitting technology to weave different structural parameters of three dimensional circle Tubular carbon fiber preforms: the braiding angle of the specimen is 25, 35 and 45 degrees, the number of braiding layers is 2, 3 and 4, and the braiding structure is three-dimensional four and five. (2) the axial impact compression behavior under the quasi-static state and high strain rate of three dimensional four and five directional braided composite materials with different structural parameters is tested under the normal temperature and low temperature field. The compression rate is 2mm/min and the strain rate is about 0.001/s, and the strain rate is controlled at 416/s to 936/s in the high strain rate compression test; the ambient temperature is -100 to 23 C. The compression test results are extracted, including the stress strain curve, compression strength, compression stiffness, energy absorption, macro damage form, and computer tomography. (CT) test system and electron scanning microscope (SEM) to observe the internal damage morphology of materials. (3) finite element analysis of six different types of three-dimensional four direction and three-dimensional five directional braided circular tube meso structure finite element analysis based on the basic structural parameters of the reinforced body, the geometric model and material of the circular tube meso structure of the three dimensional braided composite materials Properties are combined to calculate the quasi-static and impact compression failure processes of composite circular tubes, and the stress-strain curves and final failure modes of composite materials are obtained. (4) based on the geometric model of three-dimensional braided circular tube meso structure established at normal temperature, the strain rate correlation, temperature dependent material model and low temperature are carried out by experiment and deduction. The thermomechanical coupling finite element calculation of the microstructure of the composite circular tube under the degree of degree field impact loading is calculated. The compression deformation of material impact compression, the progressive failure process, the final failure mode stress distribution and the temperature distribution cloud pattern are used to reveal the impact compression heat of the composite circular tube under low temperature field. It is found that: (1) the stress strain curves of three dimensional four direction and five direction braided composites with different structural parameters at normal temperature have strain rate sensitivity, and the compressive strength, stiffness and specific energy absorption of each woven composite pipe increase with the increase of strain rate. The stress strain curve shows elastoplastic characteristics under quasi static and impact compression loading, and the braiding angle and the number of weave layers all obviously affect the compression performance of the woven composite circular tube under different strain rates, and the three-dimensional five direction braided circular tube has a higher axial direction than the three-dimensional and four directional braided circular tube. Compression performance and impact damage tolerance; failure modes can be divided into shear failure, fiber pulling, fiber fracture, resin cracking, compression deformation, buckling failure, and crushing failure. Under low temperature field, the axial compression properties of the three-dimensional braided composite pipe are superior to the normal temperature strip, compression stiffness, strength and specific energy absorption correspond to variable rate sensitivity. The properties of the materials are more than the temperature sensitivity, and the material presents brittle characteristics at low temperature and high strain rate. The failure modes of the material include resin cracking, fiber pulling and breaking, the overall buckling deformation of the sample, and the debonding of the resin and fiber bundle interface. (2) the results of the quasi-static and dynamic finite element model calculation are in good agreement with the experimental results. It is shown that the finite element meso structure model can accurately simulate the basic mechanical properties of the quasi static and impact compression of the three-dimensional braided circular tube. The finite element meso structure model can thoroughly reveal the failure mechanism of the impact compression of the three-dimensional braided composite circular tube, from the impact compression process, the stress distribution, the failure mode and so on. The dynamic mechanical analysis of the material is carried out. The effects of strain rate, braiding angle, weave layer number and shaft yarn on the impact compression performance and failure mode of the three-dimensional braided composite circular tube are studied in detail. By extracting the microscopic structure model analysis results, the stress in the impact compression process of the three-dimensional braided composite pipe reinforced body and the resin is obtained. Distribution, the stress and deformation process of fiber bundles and resins under impact compression loading, fiber fracture, resin matrix cracking and the interaction state of the two are analyzed. The load difference between the reinforced body and the matrix in the process of impact compression is analyzed. The stress of three dimensional five direction braided composite circular tube woven yarn, the axial yarn and the special joints on the resin are obtained. The stress wave propagating on the woven yarn, the axial yarn and the resin is analyzed. The results show that the propagation speed of the stress wave on the axis yarn is greater than that of the woven yarn. The propagation of the stress wave on the resin is uniform, the stress of the axial yarn is higher than that of the woven yarn, and the stress of the resin is far lower than that of all yarns. The unmeasured intermediate data in these experiments can be further uncovered. The impact compression failure mechanism of the three-dimensional five direction braided circular tube is different from the three-dimensional four direction braided circular tube. (3) under the low temperature condition, the compressive deformation of the woven reinforced structure during the impact compression process has the extrusion effect on the resin. The stress concentration in the finite element model first appears at the braid yarn flexion. It causes inelastic heat of the resin. Due to the influence of the orientation of the yarn on the surface, the temperature lift of the specimen is scattered in a scattered point and the "sawtooth" shear band in the middle. The temperature rise of the yarn is greater than the resin and the change speed is faster than that of the resin. The strain rate effect and structural effect are obvious under impact loading. By effectively characterizing the mechanical properties and dynamic responses of the meso structure, the composite material can provide theoretical guidance for the impact design of the composite materials. At the same time, the thermal coupling response and failure mechanism under low temperature conditions provide the application of the composite in the aerospace field. Reference resources.

【學位授予單位】：東華大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB332

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