本文選題：木材鋸切 + 鋸料角　； 參考：《中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：木材鋸切為閉式切削,鋸齒以三條刃口切削木材(一條主刃,兩條側(cè)刃),鋸齒一次切削后完成三個(gè)切削面——鋸路底和兩側(cè)鋸路壁。但目前關(guān)于木材切削力和表面質(zhì)量的研究大都集中在對(duì)鋸齒主刃參數(shù)的優(yōu)化方面,忽視了側(cè)刃對(duì)切削力和表面加工質(zhì)量的影響,且隨著近年來,木材價(jià)格的不斷提高,木工鋸片的厚度也越來越小,側(cè)刃在鋸切過程中的作用也越來越引起人們的關(guān)注。本文重點(diǎn)圍繞木材閉式鋸切過程中鋸齒側(cè)刃產(chǎn)生的切削力和鋸路壁形成機(jī)理展開研究,首次提出了微量零鋸料角鋸齒鋸切的概念,研究了不同鋸料角、不同切削厚度、不同含水率、不同切削速度和不同切削方向等切削條件下,鋸齒側(cè)刃產(chǎn)生的切向力和法向力的變化規(guī)律及影響因素;利用響應(yīng)面分析方法,建立出微量零鋸料角鋸齒切削力多元響應(yīng)面回歸模型;并設(shè)計(jì)制造出9種不同鋸齒齒形圓鋸片,在不同切削條件下進(jìn)行了鋸切表面粗糙度試驗(yàn),分析出鋸齒側(cè)刃參數(shù)對(duì)鋸切表面粗糙度的影響。通過以上理論分析和試驗(yàn)研究,最終確定出最佳的微量零鋸料角鋸齒的齒形參數(shù)。得出以下主要結(jié)論:(1)通過理論分析得出鋸齒受力應(yīng)包括鋸齒主刃受到來自木材的抗力和摩擦力,側(cè)刃受到的來自鋸路壁的摩擦力和抵抗力以及齒室內(nèi)鋸屑與鋸路壁之間產(chǎn)生的摩擦力三部分。單鋸齒切削時(shí),可將鋸齒側(cè)刃受力分為側(cè)刃切向力和側(cè)刃法向力,其中,側(cè)刃受到的來自鋸路壁的摩擦力和抵抗力主要以側(cè)刃切向力為主。(2)推導(dǎo)出了圓鋸鋸切時(shí)鋸痕的理論深度公S_n式:并提出了微量零鋸料角鋸齒概念,其側(cè)刃是由零鋸料角段l1和非零鋸料角段l2組成,其中零鋸料角段承擔(dān)切削,零鋸料角段的長度理論上略大于每齒進(jìn)給量,且越接近每齒進(jìn)給量越理想。(3)鋸齒側(cè)刃產(chǎn)生的力主要以側(cè)刃切向力為主,本論文中采用鋸齒寬度2.6mm的硬質(zhì)合金鋸片單齒分別對(duì)樟子松和水曲柳兩種木材進(jìn)行縱向、橫向和端向切削,當(dāng)在鋸料角為0°~3°,切削厚度為0.08 mm～0.16mm,含水率為5%～19%和切削速度為5m/min～15m/min的情況下,側(cè)刃產(chǎn)生的側(cè)刃切向力占總切削力的4.6%～20.2%,而側(cè)刃法向力由于受到刀具和工件振動(dòng)等因素的影響其變化沒有明顯規(guī)律。(4)隨著鋸料角由1°增加到3°,側(cè)刃切向力呈減小趨勢(shì),切削水曲柳(0.16mm)時(shí),由7.176N降低到2.900N;切削樟子松(0.16mm)時(shí),由5.733N降低到2.959N。隨著切削厚度的增加,側(cè)刃切向力增大。(5)切削不同樹種時(shí),切削速度變化其對(duì)側(cè)刃切向力的影響并不相同,切削水曲柳時(shí)(λ=3°),其側(cè)刃切向力由1.989N增加到3.455N,切削樟子松時(shí)(λ=3°),其側(cè)刃切向力先由0.105N增加到2.754N,而后降低到1.457N。這受到木材的抗拉強(qiáng)度和切削方向的影響,當(dāng)進(jìn)行縱向切削時(shí),當(dāng)超前裂隙的擴(kuò)展速度大于切削速度時(shí),其側(cè)刃切向力呈減小趨勢(shì)。(6)切削不同樹種時(shí),當(dāng)含水率由5%增加到19%,其對(duì)側(cè)刃切向力的影響并不相同,造成這一現(xiàn)象的主要原因可能是由于含水率變化會(huì)引起木材抗拉強(qiáng)度和韌性的交互作用而產(chǎn)生的。(7)在相同的鋸料角條件下,橫向切削時(shí),側(cè)刃切向力最大;縱向切削時(shí),側(cè)刃切向力次之;端向切削時(shí),側(cè)刃切向力最小。(8)當(dāng)切削過程中綜合考慮切削厚度、含水率、切削速度和鋸料角等參數(shù)對(duì)切削力的影響時(shí),其與切削力的關(guān)系并不是簡單的線性關(guān)系,而是呈二次多項(xiàng)式關(guān)系,其切削力回歸方程可歸結(jié)為:Fy=A-Bλ+Ch-DMC+EU+Fh MC+Gλ~2+Hh~2+IMC~2+JU~2,其中:A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I和J均為試驗(yàn)確定的系數(shù)。(9)當(dāng)零鋸料角段由0mm增加到0.5mm時(shí),表面粗糙度值顯著下降,切削水曲柳λ=1.5°時(shí),表面粗糙度值分別由30.1μm降低到23.8μm,λ=3°時(shí)由33.3μm降低到26.2μm。但當(dāng)零鋸料角段大于0.5mm的情況下,其表面粗糙度隨零鋸料角段增加的影響不明顯。
[Abstract]:Wood sawing is closed cutting, and the sawtooth cutting wood (one main blade, two side blade) at three edges, and after cutting the sawtooth after one cutting to finish three cutting surfaces - sawing road bottom and side sawing wall. However, most of the research about the cutting force and surface quality of wood focuses on the optimization of the parameters of the sawtooth main edge, ignoring the cutting force of the side blade. With the influence of the surface processing quality, and with the continuous improvement of the timber price in recent years, the thickness of the woodworking saw blade is becoming smaller and smaller. The role of the side blade in the sawing process has attracted more and more attention. This paper focuses on the cutting force produced by the sawtooth side blade and the formation mechanism of the saw wall during the closed cutting process of wood. The concept of trace saw tooth cutting with zero saw angle was put forward, and the change law of tangential force and normal force produced by the sawtooth side blade was studied under different cutting angle, different cutting thickness, different water content, different cutting speed and different cutting direction, and the trace angle of zero saw was established by the response surface analysis method. The sawtooth cutting force multiple response surface regression model, and 9 different sawtooth profile circular saw blades were designed and manufactured. The sawing surface roughness test was carried out under different cutting conditions, and the effect of the parameters of the sawtooth side blade on the sawing surface roughness was analyzed. The best trace zero saw angle was determined by the above theoretical analysis and experimental research. The following main conclusions are obtained: (1) through theoretical analysis, the force of the sawtooth should include the resistance and friction of the sawtooth main blade from the wood, the friction and resistance of the side blade from the saw wall and the friction force between the sawdust and the saw wall. The force of side blade is divided into side blade tangential force and lateral blade normal force, of which, the friction force and resistance of side blade from the saw wall are mainly by side blade tangential force. (2) the theoretical depth common S_n formula of saw saw when saw saw cutting was derived, and a trace zero saw angular saw tooth was proposed, its side blade was composed of zero saw angle segment L1 and non zero saw angle. Section L2 consists of a zero sawing angle section for cutting, and the length of the zero saw angle section is slightly larger than the feed per tooth, and the closer the feed is to each tooth. (3) the force of the sawtooth side blade is mainly by the side blade tangential force. In this paper, two kinds of single teeth of the hard alloy saw blade with the sawtooth width are used respectively to the Pinus sylvestris and the Fraxinus mandshurica. In the longitudinal, transverse and end cutting of wood, when the sawing angle is 0 ~3 degrees, the cutting thickness is 0.08 mm to 0.16mm, the water content is 5% ~ 19% and the cutting speed is 5m/min to 15m/min, the side blade tangential force produced by the side blade is 4.6% to 20.2% of the total cutting force, and the lateral blade force is influenced by the factors such as the tool and the workpiece vibration. There is no obvious law in the change. (4) as the sawing angle increases from 1 to 3, the cutting force of the side blade decreases and the cutting water ash (0.16mm) decreases from 7.176N to 2.900N; when the cutting of Pinus sylvestris (0.16mm), from 5.733N to the increase of the thickness of the cutting, the cutting force increases with the thickness of the cutting. (5) the cutting speed changes its opposite side when cutting different species of tree species. The effect of cutting force is different. When cutting Manchurian ash ([lambda =3]), the tangential force of the side edge is increased from 1.989N to 3.455N, and when cutting the Pinus sylvestris ([lambda] =3), the side blade tangential force is increased from 0.105N to 2.754N, and then to 1.457N., which is influenced by the tensile strength and cutting direction of the wood, when longitudinal cutting is carried out, when the forward fissures are made. When the expansion speed is greater than the cutting speed, the lateral blade tangential force decreases. (6) when the water content is increased from 5% to 19%, the effect of the cutting force on the lateral blade tangential force is different. The main reason for this phenomenon may be that the change of water content can cause the interaction of tensile strength and toughness of wood. (7) Under the same sawing angle condition, the lateral cutting force is maximum in lateral cutting, while the side blade is the second cutting force in the longitudinal cutting and the side cutting force is the least. (8) when the cutting thickness, water content, cutting speed and saw angle are taken into consideration in the cutting process, the relationship between the cutting force and the cutting force is not simple. The linear relation is two times polynomial relation, and the regression equation of cutting force can be summed up as follows: Fy=A-B lambda +Ch-DMC+EU+Fh MC+G lambda ~2+Hh~2+IMC~2+JU~2, in which A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, etc. are all determined by the test. (9) when the angle segment of the zero saw material is increased, the surface roughness value drops significantly, and the surface roughness is rough. The degree of degree is reduced from 30.1 to 23.8 m, respectively, and when the angle section of the zero saw is greater than 0.5mm, when the angle segment of the zero saw is greater than 0.5mm, the effect of the increase of the surface roughness on the angle segment of the zero saw is not obvious.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TS652

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