本文選題：濕地植物 + 根表鐵膜��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：人工濕地是一種生態(tài)治理污水的新技術(shù),在我國被廣泛應(yīng)用于處理生活污水、工業(yè)廢水及礦山廢水等。濕地植物作為人工濕地的重要組成部分對(duì)污染物的去除起了重要的作用。在以往的研為究中,為了生產(chǎn)的需要,對(duì)于濕地植物根際的研究主要集中在水稻上;一些有關(guān)濕地植物的根際研究也集中在根表鐵膜形成與養(yǎng)分吸收的關(guān)系上,而對(duì)于濕地植物根際環(huán)境與除污功能的系統(tǒng)研究較少,因此,研究濕地植物根際效應(yīng)與污染物去除的關(guān)系,在實(shí)踐上可為濕地植物種類的選擇、優(yōu)化濕地環(huán)境條件、提高濕地除污效率與穩(wěn)定性、延長濕地運(yùn)行壽命等提供理論依據(jù);在理論上,可以探明濕地植物去除磷與重金屬的途徑,豐富人工濕地的除污機(jī)理。本研究根據(jù)植物的易得性和易栽培性,收集了杭州地區(qū)常見的15種濕地植物,通過對(duì)這些濕地植物的根系氧化力、根形態(tài)、營養(yǎng)元素吸收能力等特征的研究,篩選出在除污能力、生理生化性狀差異大的植物,以此為材料,研究濕地植物根表鐵膜的形成機(jī)理及其對(duì)磷與重金屬元素的吸附、吸收及轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的作用,并研究了濕地植物的根際生物、微生物學(xué)特性,主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.濕地植物生長與生理特性及氮磷吸收能力根據(jù)植物的易得性和易栽培性,選取了杭州地區(qū)常見的15種濕地植物,研究這些濕地植物的根系氧化力、根形態(tài)、營養(yǎng)元素吸收能力等特征,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):15種濕地植物的生物量差異較大,美人蕉(Canna generalisL.)、寬葉香蒲(Typha latifolia 1L.)、再力花(Thalia dealbata F.)和千屈菜(Lythrum salicaria L.)4 種植物的生物量較大。15種濕地植物在水培條件下對(duì)N、P的吸收和積累上表現(xiàn)出顯著的差異,植物體內(nèi)的N、P含量與植物的生物量、根系表面積、根系氧化力等呈顯著相關(guān)。美人蕉、寬葉香蒲、再力花對(duì)溶液中NH4+-N、NO3--N和P的去除率較高,且對(duì)N、P在體內(nèi)的積累量也較高,對(duì)污染水體中營養(yǎng)物的凈化效果明顯。2.濕地植物根表鐵膜的形成動(dòng)態(tài)及特性通過對(duì)15種濕地植物進(jìn)行添加200 mg·L-1 Fe 2+(FeS04·7H20)培養(yǎng)4 d和8 d,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),美人蕉、寬葉香蒲和再力花都有較大的根表面積(1400cm2),15種濕地植物形成的根表鐵膜數(shù)量與根表面積、根尖數(shù)成顯著正相關(guān),而與根系氧化力相關(guān)關(guān)系不顯著。在添加外源亞鐵處理4d時(shí),植物根表鐵膜上的Ca,Cu,Zn和P的量與鐵膜數(shù)量顯著相關(guān),處理8 d后則呈極顯著相關(guān)。植株根系吸收的Ca,Cu,Zn和P的量與鐵膜數(shù)量無論是培養(yǎng)4 d還是8 d都顯著相關(guān),而地上部則無相關(guān)性。3.濕地植物根表鐵膜與磷、重金屬吸收的關(guān)系通過前期實(shí)驗(yàn),選取美人蕉和垂穗莎草(Cyperus.nutans V.)兩種濕地植物為研究對(duì)象,通過添加不同濃度外源亞鐵誘導(dǎo)根表鐵膜的形成,研究了溶液中的鐵對(duì)根表鐵膜的形成的影響及鐵膜對(duì)P,Cu,Cd,Zn和Pb的吸附及在植物體內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),濕地植物根表鐵膜數(shù)量的形成受溶液中的亞鐵離子濃度和植物種類的影響,美人蕉與垂穗莎草的根表鐵膜數(shù)量與外源亞鐵濃度呈非線性相關(guān),當(dāng)溶液中的亞鐵離子濃度為50-80 mg·L-1時(shí)形成的鐵膜的數(shù)量最多,兩種植物中美人蕉形成的鐵膜數(shù)量較多。采用差速離心技術(shù)分離美人蕉和垂穗莎草各部分細(xì)胞器,檢測(cè)不同處理時(shí)間下各細(xì)胞器中Pb的含量,通過Pb在組織、細(xì)胞中的分布狀態(tài)研究植物根表鐵膜對(duì)美人蕉和垂穗莎草等濕地植物體內(nèi)Pb的積累和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的影響,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),Pb在這兩種植物的各器官中的含量細(xì)胞壁所占的比重最高,細(xì)胞器所占的比重最低。根表鐵膜抑制了兩種濕地植物地下部對(duì)Pb的吸收,而促進(jìn)了地上部對(duì)它們的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)。4.模擬人工濕地條件下濕地植物根際特性以美人蕉、香蒲(Typha orientalis L.)、垂穗莎草、玉帶草(Reineckia carnea L.)為材料,研究了在模擬人工濕地條件下濕地植物根際與非根際土壤中的微生物數(shù)量、種群、土壤酶活性。結(jié)果表明,4種濕地植物的根際微生物生物量均顯著大于非根際環(huán)境,根際效應(yīng)顯著。不同濕地植物根際酶活性顯著高于非根際環(huán)境,說明濕地植物根際效應(yīng)加速了 N、P的轉(zhuǎn)化。4種濕地植物根際土壤有效態(tài)磷、錳、銅、鋅的含量都高于非根際土壤,表明了植物根系對(duì)這些元素的活化效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:Constructed wetland is a new technology for ecological treatment of sewage. It is widely used in the treatment of domestic sewage, industrial wastewater and mine waste water in China. Wetland plants play an important role in the removal of pollutants as an important part of the constructed wetland. In the past research, for the needs of production, the rhizosphere of wetland plants The research is mainly concentrated on rice, and some studies on the rhizosphere of wetland plants also focus on the relationship between the formation of iron membrane and nutrient absorption of the root surface, but the systematic research on the rhizosphere environment and the decontamination function of the wetland plants is less. Therefore, the study of the relationship between the rhizosphere effect and the removal of pollutants in the wetland plants can be used in practice for the species of wetland plants. Selection, optimizing the environmental conditions of wetland, improving the efficiency and stability of wetland, and prolonging the operating life of the wetland. In theory, we can find out the ways to remove the phosphorus and heavy metals by the wetland plants and enrich the mechanism of the pollution removal in the artificial wetland. This study collects the common in Hangzhou area according to the availability and the easy cultivation of the plants. The 15 kinds of wetland plants, through the study of the characteristics of root oxidation, root morphology and nutrient absorption capacity of these wetland plants, screened out the plants that have the ability to remove pollution and have large differences in physiological and biochemical characters. This is the material to study the formation mechanism of the iron membrane in the root surface of wetland plants and the adsorption, absorption and transport of phosphorus and heavy metals. The results are as follows: 1. the main results are as follows: 1. the growth and physiological characteristics of the wetland plants and the ability to absorb nitrogen and phosphorus, according to the availability and the easy cultivation of plants, select 15 kinds of common wetland plants in Hangzhou area, and study the root oxidation, root morphology and nutrient element of these wetland plants. The results showed that the biomass of the 15 kinds of wetland plants was different, the Canna generalisL., the wide leaf cattail (Typha latifolia 1L.), the Thalia dealbata F. (Thalia dealbata F.) and the Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythrum salicaria L.) were used to absorb and accumulate in the hydroponic condition. The content of N and P in plants showed significant correlation with plant biomass, root surface area and root oxidation. Canna, broad leaf cattail, and reforce flower had higher removal rate of NH4+-N, NO3--N and P in the solution, and N, P in the body was also higher in the body, and the purification effect of nutrients in polluted water body was.2. wetland. The formation dynamics and characteristics of the plant root surface iron membrane were obtained by adding 200 mg. L-1 Fe 2+ (FeS04. 7H20) to 4 D and 8 d. The results showed that Canna, cattail and reforce flower had large root surface area (1400cm2). The number of iron membrane formed in the 15 species of wetland plants was significantly correlated with the root surface area and the root tip number. When adding exogenous ferrous treatment 4D, the amount of Ca, Cu, Zn and P on the iron membrane of the plant root surface was significantly correlated with the quantity of iron film, and the amount of Ca, Cu, Zn and P absorbed by plant roots was significantly related to the number of iron film in the cultivation of 4 d or 8 D, while the upper part was not in phase. The relationship between the iron membrane of the root surface of the.3. wetland plant and the phosphorus and the absorption of heavy metals was studied by the previous experiments. Two kinds of wetland plants were selected as Canna and Cyperus.nutans V.. The iron film in the root surface of the root surface was studied by adding different concentrations of exogenous ferrous iron to the formation of the iron membrane. The effects of the adsorption of P, Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb on the transport in plants. The results showed that the formation of iron membrane in the root surface of the wetland plants was influenced by the concentration of ferrous ions and the plant species in the solution. The number of iron membrane in the root surface of Canna and panicle was not linearly related to the concentration of exogenous ferrous, when the concentration of ferrous ions in the solution was 50-80 mg. The number of iron film formed at L-1 was the most, the number of iron film formed by the two species of Sino-American plantain was more. The cell organelles of Canna and panicle were separated by differential centrifugation, and the content of Pb in various organelles was detected at different processing times. The iron membrane of plant root surface was used to study Canna and Canna through the distribution of Pb in tissue and cells. The effect of Pb accumulation and transport in marsh plants, such as sedge, showed that Pb had the highest proportion of cell walls in each organ of these two plants, and the proportion of organelles was the lowest. The root surface iron membrane inhibited the absorption of Pb in the subsurface of two species of wetland plants, and promoted the transfer of.4. in the upper part of the ground. Under the conditions of wetland, the rhizosphere characteristics of wetland plants are Canna Canna, Typha orientalis L., panicle sedge, and Reineckia carnea L. as materials. The microbial number, population, and soil enzyme activity in the rhizosphere and non rhizosphere soil of wetland plants were studied under simulated artificial wetland. The results showed that the rhizosphere of 4 wetland plants was microbiological. The rhizosphere effect of different wetland plants was significantly higher than that of non rhizosphere. The rhizosphere enzyme activity of different wetland plants was significantly higher than that of non rhizosphere, which indicated that the rhizosphere effect of wetland plants accelerated N, and the content of available phosphorus, manganese, copper and zinc in the rhizosphere soil of.4 species wetland plants was higher than that of non rhizosphere soil, which showed that plant roots to these elements to these elements. Activation effect.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X173;X703

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