本文選題：非政府組織 + 社區(qū)規(guī)劃��； 參考：《浙江大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：當前多數(shù)城市社區(qū)已進入相對穩(wěn)定平緩的發(fā)展階段,此時城市社區(qū)建設和規(guī)劃面臨的主要任務是:①更新物質設施環(huán)境以防止衰敗;②改變生活方式以適應社會需求和進步方向;③促進社區(qū)網(wǎng)絡構建,培育社會資本以防止社會原子化。然而原有政府主導的社區(qū)規(guī)劃模式存在過分關注物質環(huán)境、超負荷運作、占有資源過多、參與環(huán)節(jié)受阻、缺乏創(chuàng)新等問題和局限,不能有效地幫助社區(qū)應對當前挑戰(zhàn)。本文認為應當跳出政府主導的固有視角,嘗試從NGO介入的角度探討社區(qū)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展路徑,借鑒社會學和公共經濟學理論,以由NGO承擔公共物品供給為錨,提出NGO介入社區(qū)規(guī)劃的研究視角。本文以“事件對象”和“過程深度”兩個維度出發(fā),構建了 NGO介入社區(qū)規(guī)劃的模式界定體系,結合相關的案例,將NGO介入社區(qū)規(guī)劃類型界定為三類:規(guī)劃主導型介入、治理型參與、協(xié)助支撐型介入。隨后本文以“綠色浙江促進會”NGO的社區(qū)生態(tài)營造規(guī)劃實踐作為“協(xié)助支撐型介入”的實證研究,詳細跟蹤考察了綠色浙江2011年至2016年在杭州市開展的五個社區(qū)案例(西牌樓社區(qū)、現(xiàn)代城社區(qū)、十五家園社區(qū)、柳翠井巷社區(qū)、魅力城社區(qū)),并對其一般特征、演化進程、階段分化進行了分析。在此基礎上,研究以柳翠井巷和魅力城兩個社區(qū)的居民為抽樣調查樣本,通過構建滿意度評價模型,對居民問卷數(shù)據(jù)的定量分析,同時結合對社區(qū)、NGO等重點對象的訪談,綜合評價子模式(二)生態(tài)社區(qū)規(guī)劃的合理性和可靠性,及其實踐意義和社會價值。經過研究,本文認為:①NGO介入社區(qū)規(guī)劃并承擔部分公共職能,緩解了基層政府的工作負荷,為職能轉移和權力改革提供了可行路徑;②結合實證研究和評價,NGO介入社區(qū)規(guī)劃能夠有效幫助社區(qū)應對社區(qū)在物質、生活方式和社群網(wǎng)絡三方面的挑戰(zhàn),一定程度上滿足了當前社區(qū)的基礎需求和進階提升,具有積極的實踐意義和社會價值;③但NGO所承擔的社區(qū)營造并非萬能,存在經費、機制、業(yè)務能力和支持不足等問題。最后,本文提出加強社區(qū)規(guī)劃與法定規(guī)劃體系對接、引導NGO進入法定規(guī)劃體系公眾參與環(huán)節(jié)的技術路徑,并從五方面提出完善NGO介入社區(qū)規(guī)劃的進階性對策:①構建多元化的社區(qū)發(fā)展動力體系;②提升NGO自身專業(yè)能力和業(yè)務水平;③構建從“長效”到“常效”的維護機制;④強化專業(yè)規(guī)劃設計機構同社區(qū)與NGO的合作;⑤拓寬社區(qū)規(guī)劃的項目資金渠道。
[Abstract]:At present, most urban communities have entered a relatively stable and gentle stage of development. At this time, the main task of urban community construction and planning is to update the physical facilities environment to prevent decay.(2) changing the way of life to meet the needs of society and the direction of progress. 3) promoting the construction of community network and cultivating social capital in order to prevent the atomization of society.However, there are some problems and limitations in the original government-led community planning model, such as paying too much attention to the material environment, overloading operation, occupying too much resources, obstructing participation, lacking innovation and so on, which can not effectively help the community to cope with the current challenges.In this paper, we should try to explore the sustainable development path of the community from the angle of NGO intervention, draw lessons from the theory of sociology and public economics, and take the public goods supply by NGO as the anchor.This paper puts forward the research perspective of NGO intervention in community planning.Based on the two dimensions of "event object" and "process depth", this paper constructs a model definition system of NGO intervention in community planning. Combined with relevant cases, NGO intervention in community planning is defined as three types: plan-oriented intervention.Governance participation, assist support type intervention.Then this paper takes the community ecological planning practice of "Green Zhejiang Promotion Association" NGO as an empirical study of "assisting and supporting intervention".Five community cases (West Arch Community, Modern City Community, Tenth Five-Year Home Community, Liu Cui Jing Xiang Community, charm City Community, etc.) carried out in Hangzhou from 2011 to 2016 were investigated in detail, and their general characteristics and evolution process were analyzed.Stage differentiation was analyzed.On this basis, this paper takes residents of Liucui well Lane and Charming City as sampling samples, through constructing satisfaction evaluation model, quantitative analysis of residents' questionnaire data, and interviews with key objects such as community NGOs, etc.The sub-model of comprehensive evaluation (2) the rationality and reliability of ecological community planning and its practical significance and social value.Through the research, this paper thinks that the intervention of the 1 NGO in community planning and undertaking some public functions has alleviated the workload of the grass-roots government and provided a feasible path for the transfer of functions and the reform of power.(2) combining with empirical research and evaluation, NGO intervention in community planning can effectively help the community to cope with the material, lifestyle and social network challenges, and to some extent meet the basic needs and advance of the community.It has positive practical significance and social value. However, the community construction undertaken by NGO is not omnipotent. There are some problems, such as fund, mechanism, business ability and insufficient support, etc.Finally, this paper proposes to strengthen the connection between community planning and statutory planning system, and to guide NGO into the technical path of public participation in statutory planning system.And from five aspects to improve the NGO intervention in community planning advanced countermeasures: 1 to build a pluralistic community development power system to enhance the professional ability and professional level of NGO to build from "long-term effect" to "constant effect" maintenance mechanism;(4) strengthen the cooperation between the professional planning and design organization and the community and NGO.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU984.12

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