本文選題：阿達(dá)瑪變換　切入點(diǎn)：近紅外光譜儀　出處：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院長(zhǎng)春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械與物理研究所》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：近紅外分析方法以其快速性,非破壞性,準(zhǔn)確性等特點(diǎn),已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于定性和定量的成分分析多個(gè)行業(yè)。近紅外光譜儀作為光譜獲取設(shè)備,它的類型也有多種,應(yīng)用最廣泛的有傅立葉變換型和光柵分光型。傅立葉變換型光譜儀具有高分辨率、高信噪比的特點(diǎn)適合于實(shí)驗(yàn)室使用,光柵分光型光譜儀又主要有掃描光柵加上單點(diǎn)探測(cè)器的結(jié)構(gòu)和固定光柵加上線陣探測(cè)器的結(jié)構(gòu)這兩種類型。單點(diǎn)探測(cè)器結(jié)構(gòu)的速度較慢,適合速度要求不高的場(chǎng)合,如農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的成分分析,而線陣探測(cè)器結(jié)構(gòu)的速度較快,適合過程控制中使用。隨著數(shù)字微鏡陣列器件(Digital Micro-mirror Device,DMD)的出現(xiàn),一種光柵分光、單點(diǎn)探測(cè)器檢測(cè)信號(hào)、DMD進(jìn)行光譜波長(zhǎng)選通和調(diào)制、并且采用阿達(dá)瑪變換來提高信噪比的光譜儀出現(xiàn)了,這種光譜儀綜合性能卓越,價(jià)格優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯。本文圍繞著基于DMD的阿達(dá)瑪變換光譜儀的關(guān)鍵的技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究。首先,按照儀器中的噪聲產(chǎn)生的位置,將儀器的噪聲分成了阿達(dá)瑪編碼前和編碼后的噪聲,詳細(xì)推導(dǎo)了S矩陣、S互補(bǔ)矩陣、H互補(bǔ)矩陣等阿達(dá)瑪編碼矩陣的編碼模板對(duì)編碼前和編碼后噪聲抑制的比例系數(shù),進(jìn)行了MATLAB仿真,驗(yàn)證了推導(dǎo)結(jié)果的正確性。對(duì)比了多位學(xué)者的分析結(jié)果,說明了多位學(xué)者分析結(jié)果一致性和不一致性的原因。第二,設(shè)計(jì)和制作了基于DLP4500NIR型號(hào)DMD的近紅外光譜儀,包括光學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù),電路設(shè)計(jì)方案,軟件方案等內(nèi)容。裝調(diào)出了多臺(tái)光譜儀樣機(jī),對(duì)多臺(tái)樣機(jī)進(jìn)行了關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)的測(cè)試。特別地,在對(duì)光譜儀的波長(zhǎng)絕對(duì)值標(biāo)定存在困難時(shí),提出了基于吸光度曲線相關(guān)度的波長(zhǎng)標(biāo)定方法,使得不同樣機(jī)之間的波長(zhǎng)臺(tái)間差在理論上小于0.2nm,符合模型轉(zhuǎn)移的要求。第三,按照設(shè)計(jì)的光譜儀的參數(shù),詳細(xì)計(jì)算和測(cè)試了光譜儀的各種噪聲。計(jì)算了電路噪聲,光子噪聲,測(cè)試了光源波動(dòng)和背景噪聲。指出光子噪聲在本光譜儀可以忽略,并且提出了光源波動(dòng)引起噪聲的處理方法。最后,提出了各種阿達(dá)瑪矩陣模板應(yīng)用于阿達(dá)瑪變換方法改善信噪比的條件,給出了光源噪聲和探測(cè)器電路噪聲應(yīng)該滿足的關(guān)系。分別測(cè)試了基于H互補(bǔ)矩陣、S矩陣、S互補(bǔ)矩陣等3種阿達(dá)瑪變換方法在強(qiáng)光條件和弱光條件下對(duì)信噪比改善比例的數(shù)據(jù),指出S矩陣具有最好的性能,但是在強(qiáng)光條件下的性能不如掃描方法。利用DMD可以調(diào)制光譜輻射幅值的特點(diǎn),提出了恒功率S矩陣阿達(dá)瑪模板,使得應(yīng)用阿達(dá)瑪方法時(shí)不論在強(qiáng)光條件下還是弱光條件下都能改善儀器的信噪比。
[Abstract]:Near-infrared analysis (NIR) has been widely used in qualitative and quantitative component analysis for its rapidity, nondestructive and accuracy.As a spectral acquisition device, Near-infrared spectrometer has a variety of types, the most widely used are Fourier transform type and grating type.Fourier transform spectrometer has the characteristics of high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio.There are two types of grating spectrometer: the structure of scanning grating and single point detector and the structure of fixed grating and linear array detector.The structure of single point detector is slow, which is suitable for the situation where the speed requirement is not high, such as the composition analysis of agricultural products, while the speed of linear detector structure is faster, which is suitable for use in process control.With the emergence of digital micromirror array device Digital Micro-mirror device, a kind of spectrometer, which uses grating to separate light, detects signal by single point detector, switches and modulates spectrum wavelength, and uses Adama transform to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) has appeared.This spectrometer has excellent comprehensive performance and obvious price advantage.The key technology of Adama transform spectrometer based on DMD is studied in this paper.First of all, according to the location of the noise in the instrument, the noise of the instrument is divided into the noise before and after the encoding of Adama.The scale coefficients of Adama coding matrix, such as S matrix and S complementary matrix and H complementary matrix, for noise suppression before and after coding are derived in detail. The MATLAB simulation is carried out to verify the correctness of the derived results.The analysis results of many scholars are compared, and the reasons of consistency and inconsistency are explained.Secondly, the near infrared spectrometer based on DLP4500NIR model DMD is designed and fabricated, including optical design parameters, circuit design scheme, software scheme and so on.Several spectrometer prototypes are installed and tested.In particular, when it is difficult to calibrate the absolute wavelength of spectrometer, a wavelength calibration method based on the correlation of absorbance curve is proposed, which makes the wavelength difference between different prototypes less than 0.2 nm theoretically, which meets the requirements of model transfer.Thirdly, according to the parameters of the designed spectrometer, the noise of the spectrometer is calculated and tested in detail.Circuit noise, photon noise, light source fluctuation and background noise are calculated.It is pointed out that the photon noise can be neglected in this spectrometer, and a method to deal with the noise caused by the fluctuation of light source is proposed.Finally, the condition of using various Adama matrix templates to improve SNR is proposed, and the relationship between the noise of the light source and the noise of the detector circuit is given.Three kinds of Adama transformation methods based on H complementary matrix and S matrix and S complementary matrix are tested to improve the SNR ratio under the condition of strong light and weak light respectively. It is pointed out that S matrix has the best performance.But the performance under the strong light condition is inferior to the scanning method.Using the characteristic that DMD can modulate the amplitude of spectral radiation, a constant power S-matrix Adama template is proposed, which can improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the instrument under the condition of strong light or low light.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院長(zhǎng)春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械與物理研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TH744.1

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