本文選題：太陽風　切入點：質譜儀　出處：《中國科學技術大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：太陽風是充斥于整個行星際中的稀薄等離子體流。行星際空間中的所有物理現(xiàn)象和過程都發(fā)生在太陽風這一背景環(huán)境之中,對人類社會影響巨大的災害性空間天氣事件的發(fā)生和發(fā)展過程很重要的一個環(huán)節(jié)也就處在太陽風中。探測和了解太陽風的狀態(tài)和變化是開展空間科學研究、進行空間應用的基本需求。因此一直是空間探測的重要對象之一。目前,世界上各航天大國積極開展各種的空間探測計劃,不同科學目標和探測方式的衛(wèi)星、探測器等不斷地飛向太空。例如,美國航天局最近十年,先后發(fā)射了 STEREO,New Horizon,Van Allen Probes,MAVEN,MMS等科學衛(wèi)星。歐洲、俄羅斯、日本和印度等國家的航天局,或通過合作或獨立開發(fā)方式也積極加強了空間領域的探索,先后發(fā)射了Mars Express、Rosetta、ExoMars-TGO、Spectr-R、Solar-B、Mangalyaan 等衛(wèi)星。我國早在70年代就進行太陽風相關的測量實驗,近些年來開展的雙星計劃、嫦娥工程、"天宮"空間站等也涉及太陽風的測量。隨著我國深空探測的實施,我國將會在太陽風相關領域的研究作出重要貢獻。在國家自然科學基金的支持下,進行太陽風離子質譜分析器的讀出電子學讀出方法的研究,用于獲取太陽風的離子成分、速度和能譜等物理參數。離子質譜儀是探測太陽風的一種重要工具。結合不同的離子探測技術,目前,太陽風離子質譜主要有3種探測方案:基于磁場分析器的測量方案、基于能量損失—能量TOF探測器的測量方案和基于次級電子發(fā)射TOF探測器(SEE-TOF)的測量方案�？紤]到能量測量范圍、時間分辨等方面的要求,本課題的半空間寬能譜太陽風離子探測分析器采用了 SEE-TOF)的測量方案。通過調研類似空間探測項目(例如,WIND、IMAGE、Chandrayaan-1、Van Allen Probes、MAVEN等衛(wèi)星)的電子學讀出方案,結合半空間寬能譜太陽風離子探測分析器的設計要求,確定了由前置放大器、恒比定時器、時間—數字轉換器等組成的讀出方案。本論文將介紹該太陽風離子質譜儀的讀出方法和電子學設計,包括其飛行時間測量方案、前端模擬模塊、數字處理模塊和數據獲取軟件等方面設計,并對該讀出電子學進行了實驗室測試和離子束流測試。各章節(jié)內容如下:第一章介紹太陽風及其探測的重要性,特別是太陽風離子成分的研究意義,同時介紹了國內外對太陽風離子的探測進展。最后,闡述本論文的研究目的和基本構想。第二章介紹了太陽風離子的探測技術和由這些測量技術構成不同的太陽風離子成分測量的方案,并介紹不同方案的特點。第三章介紹國家重大科研儀器設備研制專項—半空間寬能譜太陽風離子探測分析器的目標和需求等,該儀器的測量方案、系統(tǒng)組成與設計仿真以及儀器對電子學的性能要求。第四章介紹空間實驗中常用的質譜儀的電子學的讀出方案,并比較這些方案的特點,并結合儀器設計要求確定本課題的電子學讀出方案。第五章介紹空本課題的TOF質譜儀的電子學的設計,包括前端模擬模塊的前置放大電路、恒比定時(CFD)電路的設計和數字處理模塊的FPGA選擇、FPGA-TDC和狀態(tài)監(jiān)測電路、數據壓縮算法等的設計。第六章介紹讀出電子學各個模塊的測試指標和測試方法。不僅進行了實驗室測試,而且,也將讀出電子學分別與能譜分析器、TOF質譜儀構建一個完整測試系統(tǒng)進行聯(lián)合測試,并對測量的能譜和質譜進行分析以及對電子學性能的評估。第七章為論文的總結,并對下一步工作進行展望。
[Abstract]:The solar wind is filled in the interplanetary plasma flow in all physical phenomena and processes in the interplanetary space have occurred in the solar wind background environment, a very important part in the occurrence and development process of human society the tremendous impact of the catastrophic space weather is in the solar wind. The detection and understanding of the solar wind and the state of change is the research of space science, the basic demand for space applications. Therefore it is one of the important objects in space exploration. At present, the world space powers, actively carry out various space exploration plan, different scientific objectives and detection methods of satellite detector, etc. to the space constantly. For example, the last ten years, has launched STEREO, New Horizon, Van Allen Probes, MAVEN, MMS and other scientific satellites. Europe, Russia, Japan and India and other countries of the airlines NASA, or through cooperation or independent development way actively to strengthen the exploration of space, has launched Mars, Express, Rosetta, ExoMars-TGO, Spectr-R, Solar-B, Mangalyaan and other satellite. We have carried out experiments of the solar wind in early 70s, in recent years to carry out the double star, chang e project, "measuring the temple" the space station also relates to the solar wind. As China's deep space exploration, make an important contribution to our research will be relevant in the solar wind field. In the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the support of the solar wind from the readout electronics readout method of sub mass analyzer, used to obtain ion composition of the solar wind speed, and energy spectrum. The physical parameters such as ion mass spectrometry is an important tool for detecting the solar wind. The combination of different ion detection technology, at present, the solar wind ion mass spectrometry 3 main detection scheme: The magnetic field analyzer measurement scheme based on energy loss and energy measurement scheme based on TOF detector and TOF detector based on secondary electron emission (SEE-TOF) measurement method. Considering the measurement range of energy, time resolution and other aspects of the request, the half space wide spectrum solar wind ion detection using SEE-TOF analyzer) measurement scheme through the investigation of similar space exploration projects. (for example, WIND, IMAGE, Chandrayaan-1, Van Allen Probes, MAVEN satellite) Electronics readout scheme, combined with the design requirements of half space wide spectrum solar wind ion detection analysis device, identified by the preamplifier, constant ratio timer, time digital converter composed of readout this paper will introduce the solution method of the readout of solar wind ion mass spectrometer and electronics design, including the flight time measurement scheme, front-end analog module, digital processing module The data acquisition and software design, and the readout electronics was tested in the laboratory and ion beam test. The contents of each chapter are as follows: the first chapter introduces the importance of the solar wind and its detection, especially the research significance of the solar wind ion composition, it introduces the advances in detection of ions in the solar wind at home and abroad. Finally, this the purpose of the thesis and the basic concept. The second chapter introduces the detection technology of solar wind ions and by these measurement techniques constitute different ions in the solar wind composition measurement scheme, and introduces the characteristics of different projects. The third chapter introduces the major research equipment development special half space wide spectrum solar wind ion detection analyzer the objectives and requirements, measurement scheme of the instrument, system composition and design of simulation and instrument performance of electronics. The fourth chapter introduces the commonly used space in the experiment The mass spectrometer electronics readout scheme, and compare the characteristics of these schemes, and combined with the instrument design requirements to determine the electronics readout scheme. The fifth chapter introduces the design of TOF air mass spectrometer this topic electronics, including front-end analog preamplifier circuit module, constant ratio timing (CFD) and digital FPGA design the processing module circuit, FPGA-TDC circuit design and condition monitoring, data compression algorithm. The sixth chapter introduces the test index and test method of readout electronics of each module. Not only was tested in the laboratory, and will also be readout electronics respectively with spectrum analyzer, TOF mass spectrometer to build a complete test system for joint test according to the measurement of energy spectrum and mass spectrometry analysis and evaluation of electronic properties. The seventh chapter is a summary of the thesis, and the prospect of further work.

【學位授予單位】：中國科學技術大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH843

【相似文獻】

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 楊迪;半空間寬能譜太陽風離子質譜儀讀出電子學的研究[D];中國科學技術大學;2017年

，

本文編號：1701524