本文選題：核電安全閥　切入點(diǎn)：熱態(tài)試驗(yàn)　出處：《華東理工大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：作為保障核電站安全運(yùn)行的最重要的安全附件之一的安全閥,在核電站的設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)行過(guò)程中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。蒸汽安全閥在高溫高壓、大開(kāi)度、臨界流及地震工況下的動(dòng)態(tài)特性模擬是優(yōu)化安全閥設(shè)計(jì)、提高安全閥運(yùn)行可靠性的重要手段及方法,而國(guó)內(nèi)外在這方面的研究非常缺乏,造成了目前核電蒸汽安全閥研制周期長(zhǎng)、成本高等問(wèn)題。此外,安全閥在動(dòng)作過(guò)程中常會(huì)出現(xiàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的表面損傷,影響安全閥的動(dòng)作性能。針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題,本文在安全閥熱態(tài)試驗(yàn)、動(dòng)態(tài)模擬及表面強(qiáng)化三個(gè)方面展開(kāi)了研究,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容與創(chuàng)新成果如下:1、設(shè)計(jì)并建成了國(guó)內(nèi)首套符合國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的安全閥熱態(tài)試驗(yàn)裝置,進(jìn)行了高溫高壓、大口徑核電彈簧式蒸汽安全閥的熱態(tài)試驗(yàn)。采用了網(wǎng)格預(yù)變形、動(dòng)網(wǎng)格、流域分塊、外接虛擬大容器等模擬技術(shù),并利用二階微分方程對(duì)閥瓣的動(dòng)態(tài)特性進(jìn)行了編譯,精確地計(jì)算了閥瓣的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài),實(shí)現(xiàn)了高溫高壓、大口徑彈簧式蒸汽安全閥的動(dòng)態(tài)模擬。模擬結(jié)果與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果吻合良好。對(duì)于高溫高壓蒸汽安全閥,排量隨著簾面積與喉部面積比值的增加而上升,在該比值達(dá)到1.18時(shí)排量達(dá)到最大值。流場(chǎng)中的高馬赫數(shù)區(qū)域隨著安全閥開(kāi)高的改變而發(fā)生變化,在穩(wěn)定排放時(shí)有三個(gè)高馬赫數(shù)區(qū)域。使用壓縮空氣為介質(zhì)時(shí),安全閥的回座壓力比使用蒸汽為介質(zhì)時(shí)要高。蒸汽過(guò)熱度從0℃變化到100℃時(shí)對(duì)高溫高壓安全閥動(dòng)作性能的影響可以忽略。回座壓力隨著上調(diào)節(jié)圈的位置改變近乎成線(xiàn)性變化,受下調(diào)節(jié)圈位置影響微小。安全閥額定開(kāi)高與喉徑的比值在0.25和0.35時(shí)比在0.3時(shí)有著更高的啟閉壓差。減少?gòu)椈蓜偠瓤娠@著降低回座壓力但對(duì)安全閥的開(kāi)啟時(shí)間影響不大。2、對(duì)帶有背壓腔結(jié)構(gòu)的核電主蒸汽安全閥進(jìn)行了動(dòng)態(tài)模擬,模擬結(jié)果得到相關(guān)試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。發(fā)現(xiàn)背壓腔結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)安全閥的動(dòng)作性能有較大的影響。在安全閥開(kāi)啟階段,背壓腔內(nèi)壓力上升滯后,對(duì)安全閥開(kāi)啟過(guò)程影響微弱。在回座階段背壓腔內(nèi)蒸汽壓力下降滯后,有助于安全閥快速回座。背壓腔中調(diào)節(jié)套的位置對(duì)啟閉壓差影響較大,在E值(調(diào)節(jié)套上端到背壓套蓋上端的距離)從35mm增加到62mm的過(guò)程中,E值每增加1mm,啟閉壓差就線(xiàn)性地增加0.163%。采用響應(yīng)面法對(duì)上調(diào)節(jié)圈、下調(diào)節(jié)圈、調(diào)節(jié)套和調(diào)節(jié)螺釘這四個(gè)調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)主蒸汽安全閥啟閉壓差的調(diào)節(jié)規(guī)律進(jìn)行了研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)上調(diào)節(jié)圈的位置對(duì)啟閉壓差影響最大,調(diào)節(jié)套的位置對(duì)啟閉壓差影響次之,調(diào)節(jié)螺釘和下調(diào)節(jié)圈位置對(duì)啟閉壓差影響最小,這四個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)之間的交互作用對(duì)啟閉壓差的影響較弱。3、建立了彈簧式安全閥流固耦合動(dòng)態(tài)模擬方法,通過(guò)加載正弦波初步探索了縱向地震波對(duì)安全閥動(dòng)作性能的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),增大數(shù)值阻尼系數(shù),彈簧被壓縮之后的振蕩幅度減小,有利于安全閥的穩(wěn)定排放。在豎直方向正弦波的作用下,安全閥會(huì)出現(xiàn)顫振,回座壓力受正弦波的相位和頻率影響。4、為避免沖蝕損傷和安全閥運(yùn)動(dòng)部件之間的擦傷劣化安全閥的動(dòng)作性能,研制了WC/Ni柔性布復(fù)合涂層。發(fā)現(xiàn)304不銹鋼基體與復(fù)合涂層之間形成了冶金結(jié)合,Ni擴(kuò)散進(jìn)入WC顆粒提高了 WC顆粒與Ni基的結(jié)合力。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明WC顆粒的添加對(duì)涂層的耐磨性能影響顯著,WC顆粒含量為59.80 wt.%的WC/Ni復(fù)合涂層的體積磨損率僅為304不銹鋼基體的1/328。兩體磨料磨損、三體磨料磨損和疲勞磨損三種磨損機(jī)制都存在于WC/Ni柔性布復(fù)合涂層的摩擦磨損過(guò)程中。在30°沖蝕時(shí),Ni+59.80wt.%WC的復(fù)合涂層的耐沖蝕性能為304不銹鋼基體的1.4倍。30°沖蝕時(shí),涂層的失效機(jī)理主要為沖蝕顆粒對(duì)涂層的微觀(guān)切削和微觀(guān)犁溝效應(yīng),90°沖蝕時(shí),涂層的失效機(jī)理主要為沖蝕顆粒對(duì)涂層的錘擊效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:As a safety valve is one of the most important safety accessories to ensure the safe operation of nuclear power plants, plays a crucial role in the design and operation of the nuclear power plant. The steam safety valve in the high temperature and high pressure, large opening, dynamic characteristics and seismic critical flow condition is simulated to optimize safety valve design, and an important means to improve operation method of the reliability of the safety valve, and domestic and international research in this area is very lacking, resulting in the current development of nuclear power steam safety valve long cycle and high cost. In addition, the surface damage of safety valve moving parts in the course of action often, affect the performance of safety valve. To solve the above problems, based on the thermal safety valve test, dynamic simulation and surface strengthening of three aspects of the research, the main research contents and achievements are as follows: 1, the safety valve is designed and built the first domestic heat in line with international standards State test device of high temperature and high pressure, the thermal test of large diameter spring type nuclear power steam safety valves. The mesh deformation, dynamic mesh, block, external tank virtual simulation technology, and using the two order differential equation on the dynamic characteristics of the valve are compiled, accurate calculation the motion state of the valve, the high temperature and high pressure, the dynamic simulation of large caliber spring type steam safety valves. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The high temperature and high pressure steam safety valve, the displacement with the curtain area and the increase of the ratio of the throat area is on the rise, when the ratio reached 1.18 when the displacement field reaches the maximum value. The high Maher number with the safety valve opening changes, there are three high Maher number in the region. Stable discharge using compressed air as medium, pressure relief valve in the back seat than the use of steam as a medium to high. Steam superheat from 0 degrees to 100 degrees of change of high temperature and high pressure safety valve performance can be ignored. With the back seat pressure adjusting ring position change almost linearly, by adjusting ring position effect small. Safety valve rated high ratio and throat diameter in 0.25 and 0.35 when opening and closing pressure the difference is higher than in 0.3. With reduced spring stiffness can significantly reduce the back seat pressure but the opening time of.2 had no effect on the safety valve of nuclear main steam safety valve with back cavity were simulated, the simulation results of related experiments. That has great influence performance of back pressure cavity the structure of the safety valve. In the stage of opening the safety valve, the back pressure chamber pressure rise to the valve opening process lag, weak effect. In the back seat back pressure cavity stage steam pressure drop behind, contribute to the rapid safety valve back seat back pressure chamber. In the position of the regulating sleeve has great influence on the opening and closing pressure, the E value (the regulating sleeve top to the upper end of the cover pressure distance) increased from 35mm to 62mm in the process of E value for each additional 1mm, opening and closing pressure is linearly increased 0.163%. by response surface method on the adjustment ring, adjusting ring regulation, closing pressure of main steam safety valve of the regulating sleeve and the adjusting screw four adjusting mechanism, the adjustment ring position that the greatest impact on the opening and closing pressure, adjust the set position for opening and closing pressure effect, adjusting screws and adjust the position of the ring opening close the pressure difference between the four institutions is minimum, the interaction of the weak.3 effect of the opening and closing pressure, established a solid coupling dynamic simulation method of spring type safety valve, the load and study the influence of longitudinal seismic wave on the performance of safety valve. It is found that the increase of resistance value The damping coefficient, the oscillation amplitude after compressed spring decreases, a stable discharge to the safety valve. In the vertical direction under the effect of sine wave, the safety valve will appear flutter, back seat pressure by the phase and frequency of sine wave effect of.4, the performance of safety valve in order to avoid the deterioration of erosion damage and abrasion between the moving parts of the safety valve the development of the WC/Ni flexible cloth composite coating. It is found that the metallurgical bonding is formed between the 304 stainless steel substrate and the composite coating, the diffusion of Ni into WC particles improves the binding force of WC particles and Ni matrix. The experimental results show that the effect of the addition of WC particles on wear resistance of the coating significantly, the content of WC particles is 59.80 WC/Ni composite coating wt.% the volume of the wear rate is only 304 stainless steel 1/328. two body abrasive wear, abrasive wear and fatigue wear of three kinds of wear mechanisms are found in WC/Ni flexible cloth composite coating, friction and wear In the process. In 30 degrees of erosion, Ni+59.80wt.%WC composite coating erosion resistance of 304 stainless steel 1.4 times.30 DEG erosion, the failure mechanism of the coatings mainly for erosion particles on the coating of micro cutting and micro ploughing. 90 degrees of erosion, the main failure mechanism of coated particles on coating for erosion hammer effect.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM623

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