本文選題：蓖麻根莖　切入點：多孔材料　出處：《昆明理工大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：因日益嚴峻的能源和環(huán)境問題,利用生物質(zhì)前驅(qū)體制備多孔材料已成為熱點研究方向。由于蓖麻根莖的組織結(jié)構(gòu)疏松,有利于多孔材料的制備,且該原料具有來源豐富、易得、成本低等優(yōu)點,為此,本論文以蓖麻根莖為原料進行多孔材料的制備及性能研究。將蓖麻根莖進行微波干燥、粉碎,再經(jīng)制粒制備出蓖麻根莖基多孔材料,為進一步提高多孔材料的性能,將制備的蓖麻基多孔材料進行改性處理,制備出高比表面積的蓖麻基多孔炭。分別采用掃描電子顯微鏡、比表面積及孔隙分析儀、X射線衍射分析儀、X射線光電子能譜儀、熱分析儀、紅外光譜儀和頂空分析儀等對蓖麻基多孔材料的結(jié)構(gòu)特性、孔隙特征和性能進行表征,系統(tǒng)地研究了各制備工藝參數(shù)對蓖麻基多孔材料特性的影響,探討了相關(guān)作用機制。蓖麻基多孔炭展現(xiàn)出較好的吸附特性、電極材料特性和復合材料載體特性,為蓖麻基多孔炭的開發(fā)與應(yīng)用奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。以蓖麻根莖為原料,采用一步制粒法制備出蓖麻基多孔材料,系統(tǒng)地研究了進風溫度、噴霧速率和噴霧壓力對多孔材料特性的影響,建立了多孔材料的比表面積和水分含量與進風溫度、噴霧速率和噴霧壓力的關(guān)系,從而可以預(yù)測不同條件下制備的蓖麻基多孔材料的比表面積和水份含量。最優(yōu)條件下制備的多孔材料的比表面積和孔容分別為128.58 m2/g和0.13cm3/g,平均孔徑為9.9nm。同時,系統(tǒng)地研究了蓖麻基多孔材料的熱處理特性,為熱處理參數(shù)的確定提供理論依據(jù)。將制備的蓖麻基多孔材料經(jīng)低溫預(yù)處理及化學-物理改性制備出蓖麻基多孔炭,系統(tǒng)地研究了改性溫度、堿炭比和改性時間的影響,建立了與比表面積的關(guān)系,從而可以預(yù)測不同條件制備的蓖麻基多孔炭的比表面積。最優(yōu)條件下制備的多孔炭的比表面積和孔容分別達2081.92 m2/g、1.10 cm3/g,與改性前相比,分別提高了 16倍和8倍,探討相關(guān)機理。為進一步開展蓖麻基多孔炭的研究提供一定的指導。制備的蓖麻基多孔炭對煙氣中的有害物質(zhì)CO、氫氰酸(HCN)、亞硝胺(NNK)、氨(NH3)、苯并(a)芘(B(a)P)、苯酚及巴豆醛均具有較好的吸附作用,其中,苯酚降低了 29.64%,巴豆醛降低了 15.14%,HCN降低了 20.35%。多孔炭通過表面的物理吸附增加對氣溶膠的吸附,同時表面含有豐富的官能團,進一步增加了對有害物質(zhì)的吸附效果。蓖麻基多孔炭對苯酚溶液的飽和吸附量在堿炭比為4:1時達到最大,為187.5 mg/g;對苯酚溶液的吸附等溫模型進行了模擬,最符合Langmuir單分子層等溫吸附模型;研究了多孔炭對苯酚溶液的吸附動力學,符合準二級反應(yīng)動力學;吸附熱力學的研究證明,多孔炭對苯酚溶液的吸附為物理吸附,吸附行為為放熱的熵減小過程。多孔炭作為電容器的電極材料具有良好的電容行為和特征。在2mol L-1氫氧化鉀電解液中,循環(huán)伏安曲線呈現(xiàn)面積較大的矩形形狀,沒有明顯的氧化還原峰出現(xiàn);充電曲線和放電曲線均接近于直線且呈類等腰三角形的形狀,具有良好的雙電層電容性。作為鋰空氣電池的電極材料具有較高的首次放電容量和放電平臺,且在0.05 mA cm-2電流密度下,多孔炭空氣電極具有最高的首次放電容量,達到 2664 mAhg-1。蓖麻基多孔炭對液體中的Ti02有良好的載體作用,形成多孔炭/TiO2復合多孔材料,可以較好的負載2.5%的Ti02,并對甲醛氣體具有較好的去除效果;多孔炭對溶液中香料物有良好的載體作用,形成多孔炭/香料復合多孔材料,可以較好的負載5%的津巴布韋凈油和釀香香料,頂空分析表明,多孔炭/香料復合多孔材料與香料的成分構(gòu)成相同,各化合物所占比例相近。
[Abstract]:Because of the increasingly serious energy and environmental issues, the preparation of porous materials by using biomass precursor has become a hot research direction. The structure was loose castor rhizomes, is conducive to the preparation of porous materials, and the raw material has rich source, easy, low cost, for this, this paper study on Synthesis and properties of castor. As the raw material for porous material. The roots of castor microwave drying, crushing, granulating and prepared based porous materials of castor roots, in order to further improve the performance of porous materials, the preparation of castor based porous materials were prepared by modified castor based porous carbon with high surface area were used. Scanning electron microscopy, surface area and pore size analyzer, X ray diffraction, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy and headspace analyzer structure of castor porous materials. Of, characterized the pore characteristics and performance were systematically studied the influences of preparation parameters on the castor based porous material characteristics, discusses the related mechanism. Castor based porous carbon exhibits good adsorption characteristics, carrier characteristics of electrode materials and composite materials, which lays the theoretical foundation for the development and application of castor based porous carbon castor. Rhizome as raw material, using one step granulation prepared porous material of castor base, systematically studied the effects of inlet air temperature, spray rate and spray pressure on the properties of porous materials, a porous material surface and the air temperature area and moisture content, the relationship between spray rate and spray pressure. It can be made of castor based porous materials prepared under different conditions to predict the specific surface area and moisture content. The prepared porous material under the optimal conditions, the specific surface area and pore volume were 128.58 m2/g and 0.13 cm3/g,騫沖潎瀛斿緞涓，

本文編號：1620090