本文選題：鼠籠電機(jī)　切入點(diǎn)：轉(zhuǎn)子斷條　出處：《沈陽工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：鼠籠電機(jī)是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用最廣泛的機(jī)電能量轉(zhuǎn)換裝置和終端耗能設(shè)備。電機(jī)本體故障除了會造成電機(jī)自身損壞、驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)突然停機(jī)之外,還會導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)線完全崩潰,嚴(yán)重時甚至造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,釀成無法挽回的災(zāi)難性后果。電機(jī)帶故障運(yùn)行也是造成電機(jī)運(yùn)行效率偏低,能源浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重的主要原因之一。開展以預(yù)防維護(hù)為核心的電機(jī)早期故障診斷研究對于提高電力拖動系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行質(zhì)量、保障設(shè)備工作效率、減少電機(jī)維護(hù)費(fèi)用以及降低能源消耗具有重要的理論意和經(jīng)濟(jì)意義。轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障是鼠籠電機(jī)特有的故障形式。早期轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障不會造成電機(jī)立即失效,但是會導(dǎo)致電機(jī)運(yùn)行效率降低、電能隱性流失,甚至誘發(fā)偏心及定轉(zhuǎn)子刮擦等次生故障;若發(fā)現(xiàn)不及時,還會釀成重大人身傷亡事故。因此,該故障一直是電機(jī)故障診斷領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)之一。本論文依托中國科學(xué)院重點(diǎn)部署項(xiàng)目(KGZD-EW-302)和遼寧省科學(xué)技術(shù)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2015020140),主要以工頻供電鼠籠電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障為研究對象,針對電機(jī)驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)工況復(fù)雜多變的特點(diǎn),采用電機(jī)電流信號特征分析(Motor Current Signature Analysis,MCSA)方法,圍繞鼠籠電機(jī)早期轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障診斷理論及應(yīng)用技術(shù)問題展開相關(guān)研究。主要工作包括:(1)針對經(jīng)典譜分析診斷轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障時存在基頻頻譜泄漏影響診斷效果的問題,提出了基于單相定子電流信號平方解調(diào)制分析的診斷方案。區(qū)別工頻和變頻供電兩種情況,對包括空載在內(nèi)的不同負(fù)載條件下穩(wěn)態(tài)運(yùn)行的鼠籠電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障診斷問題進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究。研究結(jié)果表明,采用硬件方式進(jìn)行的平方解調(diào)制預(yù)處理能有效消除基頻頻譜泄漏和噪聲干擾影響,使得用于故障診斷分析的頻譜內(nèi)容清晰豐富,從而增加了故障診斷確定性。相比于經(jīng)典MCSA方法,所提出的診斷方法可實(shí)現(xiàn)鼠籠電機(jī)從空載到額定負(fù)載全負(fù)載運(yùn)行范圍內(nèi)的轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障診斷,診斷性能明顯優(yōu)于經(jīng)典MCSA方法,更適合于穩(wěn)態(tài)運(yùn)行時的轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障診斷。(2)針對以快速傅里葉變換為基礎(chǔ)的非參數(shù)譜估計(jì)方法診斷轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障時存在的頻率分辨率低影響診斷精度的問題,提出了基于參數(shù)模型譜估計(jì)的鼠籠電機(jī)早期轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障診斷方法。該方法借鑒數(shù)學(xué)變換和選頻細(xì)化思想,通過對單相定子電流信號實(shí)施希爾伯特變換,消除基頻頻譜泄漏影響并將故障特征轉(zhuǎn)移到低頻段,繼而通過基于離散小波濾波的選頻細(xì)化功能削弱噪聲影響、壓縮數(shù)據(jù)處理成本,最后利用擴(kuò)展Prony方法短時數(shù)據(jù)處理能力計(jì)算頻譜,并對穩(wěn)態(tài)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下的電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障做出定性/定量判斷。采用所提出的方法對不同故障嚴(yán)重程度、不同負(fù)載條件下穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障鼠籠電機(jī)進(jìn)行診斷分析。研究結(jié)果表明,采用本文方法可實(shí)現(xiàn)短時數(shù)據(jù)條件下的轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障診斷,有效克服非平穩(wěn)因素可能造成的不利影響,診斷效果明顯優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)傅里葉變換。(3)鼠籠電機(jī)時變轉(zhuǎn)速運(yùn)行時,MCSA方法的應(yīng)用條件將遭致徹底破壞并由此造成該方法完全失效。將適用于電機(jī)穩(wěn)態(tài)運(yùn)行時的經(jīng)典MCSA方法創(chuàng)新性應(yīng)用,解決了時變轉(zhuǎn)速運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下早期轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障診斷難題。理論分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果均表明:通過對故障特征頻率在時變轉(zhuǎn)速期間的演變過程進(jìn)行分析,可以有效克服經(jīng)典MCSA方法無法分析非平穩(wěn)信號的弊端,從而在電機(jī)暫態(tài)運(yùn)行時依然能夠診斷出轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障。本文提出定子電流直接離散小波變換和定子電流Park矢量模平方信號離散小波變換兩種解決方案。實(shí)驗(yàn)對比表明,基于定子電流Park矢量模平方信號離散小波變換的診斷方法能夠獲得更加優(yōu)越的診斷效果。(4)針對穩(wěn)態(tài)MCSA方法診斷轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障時診斷性能受制于電機(jī)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的問題,提出基于起動電流左邊頻帶諧波瞬時頻率分析的轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障診斷方法。利用FIR低通濾波器的消噪功能消除定子電流信號中的基頻諧波成分并提取包含故障特征頻率的單分量信號,根據(jù)左邊頻帶諧波瞬時頻率在"頻率-滑差"平面上的"V"形曲線變化過程診斷轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,起動運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下的轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障診斷既可作為獨(dú)立的診斷手段存在,也可作為穩(wěn)態(tài)MCSA方法的必要補(bǔ)充。相比于穩(wěn)態(tài)MCSA分析中根據(jù)單一譜線識別故障的做法,根據(jù)故障特征頻率-滑差演變過程進(jìn)行故障發(fā)生與否判斷更具可靠性。(5)針對轉(zhuǎn)子斷條故障特征頻率時間-尺度分析和頻率-滑差分析中存在的譜圖復(fù)雜、不易識別的問題,提出基于起動電流Prak矢量模平方信號Wigner-Ville分布的診斷方法。該方法利用離散小波變換的低通濾波性能濾除定子電流Park矢量模平方信號中的諧波干擾,然后通過Wigner-Ville分布描述該信號的能量-滑差變化趨勢,并結(jié)合能量計(jì)算做出診斷決策。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,采用"能量-滑差"圖形比較和能量計(jì)算相結(jié)合的方式進(jìn)行診斷決策具有故障特征清晰直觀、可靠性好、便于工程實(shí)際應(yīng)用的明顯優(yōu)勢。
[Abstract]:The squirrel cage motor is the electromechanical energy conversion device and the terminal energy consuming equipment widely used in national economy. The fault can cause motor motor drive system itself is damaged, suddenly shut down, will lead to the production line of complete collapse, even cause huge economic losses and disastrous consequences of irreparable. Motor fault belt the operation is caused by the low efficiency of the motor, one of the main reasons of the serious waste of energy. In order to carry out research on early fault diagnosis of motor preventive maintenance as the core to improve the quality of electric power drag system, ensuring the working efficiency of the equipment, reduce motor maintenance costs and reduce energy consumption has important theoretical significance and economic significance. The rotor broken bar fault is form unique rat cage motor. The early fault of rotor broken bar will not cause immediate failure but will cause the motor, the motor is running Efficiency, power recessive loss, and even induce eccentric rotor and scraping and other secondary faults; if that is not timely, will lead to serious personal casualty accidents. Therefore, the fault is one of the hotspots in the field of fault diagnosis of motor. This paper is based on the China academy focus deployment project (KGZD-EW-302) and science technology program project of Liaoning province (2015020140), mainly in the power supply of squirrel cage motor rotor fault as the research object, according to the characteristics of motor drive system in complex conditions, analysis of the characteristics of the motor current signal (Motor Current Signature Analysis, MCSA), around the early squirrel cage motor rotor broken bar fault diagnosis theory and application technology issues related research. The main work includes: (1) according to the classic spectrum analysis frequency spectrum leakage diagnosis diagnosis of rotor effect problems of fault, put forward The stator current signal square modulation scheme based on the analysis of the solution of diagnosis. The difference between the frequency and frequency of power supply two, a fault diagnosis problem of different load conditions including no-load, steady operation of the squirrel cage motor rotor were studied. The results show that, using hardware way of square demodulation pretreatment can effectively to eliminate the frequency spectrum leakage and noise interference, the spectrum analysis for fault diagnosis of the content clear and rich, thus increasing the uncertainty of fault diagnosis. Compared with the classical MCSA method, the diagnosis method proposed can achieve the squirrel cage motor from no load to full load rotor rated load operation within the scope of the fault diagnosis, the diagnostic performance significantly better than the classical MCSA method, fault diagnosis is more suitable for steady state operation. (2) according to the number of non parametric based on fast Fourier transformation Spectrum estimation in the presence of fault diagnosis method of rotor when the low frequency resolution effect of diagnostic accuracy, the fault diagnosis method of early rotor squirrel cage motor parameter model based on spectrum estimation. The method using mathematical transform and frequency selective refinement of ideas, through the implementation of the Hilbert transform of the stator current signal, eliminate the frequency spectrum leakage and the fault feature shifted to low frequency, and then through the discrete wavelet filter based on frequency selective refinement function weaken the noise effect, the compressed data processing cost, finally calculate the spectrum using the extended Prony method of short term data processing ability, and the steady state of the motor rotor fault to make qualitative / quantitative judgment. The proposed method of different fault severity of rotor under different load conditions and stable operation of the fault diagnosis of squirrel cage motor analysis research. The results show that this method can achieve short data under the conditions of rotor fault diagnosis, effectively overcome the adverse effects of non-stationary factors may cause, diagnosis is obviously superior to the traditional Fourier transform. (3) when the squirrel cage motor with variable speed, the MCSA method should be stricken completely destroyed and thus the method complete failure conditions. The classical MCSA method will be applied to the motor steady state operation of innovative applications, to solve the fault diagnosis problem of time-varying fault early rotor speed running. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that: through the analysis of evolution during the fault feature frequency in time-varying speed, can effectively overcome the classic the MCSA method can not analyze defects of non-stationary signal, which is still a diagnosis of broken rotor bar fault in motor transient operation. In this paper the stator current direct discrete small wave Park transform and the stator current vector modulus square signal discrete wavelet transform two solutions. Experimental results show that the diagnostic method of stator current vector modulus square Park signal based on discrete wavelet transform can obtain better diagnosis effect. (4) according to the fault diagnosis method of rotor steady-state MCSA diagnostic performance depends on the motor running state the problem, put forward the rotor current analysis of left band harmonic instantaneous frequency starting the broken bar fault diagnosis method based on noise cancellation. To eliminate the harmonic component of stator current signal using FIR low-pass filter and extract single component signal containing the fault characteristic frequency, according to the instantaneous frequency in the left band harmonic frequency slip plane. "The" V "curve of rotor faults. The experimental results show that the starting condition of rotor broken bar fault diagnosis can be used as a single There are diagnostic means of legislation, but also can be used as a necessary supplement to the steady-state MCSA method. Compared to the steady-state analysis of MCSA based on a single line fault identification approach, according to the characteristic frequency of fault slip evolution process of failure to determine whether or not it is more reliable. (5) according to the characteristics of broken rotor bar fault frequency time scale analysis slip and frequency spectrum analysis in the presence of complex, difficult to identify the problems, put forward the starting current of Prak vector modulus square signal Wigner-Ville distributed diagnosis method based on harmonic interference of discrete wavelet transform low-pass filter filter performance of stator current Park vector modulus square in the signal by using this method, and then through the description of the Wigner-Ville distribution the signal energy slip trend, combined with the calculation of the energy to make a diagnosis decision. The experimental results show that compared with the energy calculation combining the "energy - slip" graphics The diagnosis and decision making has obvious advantages of clear and intuitive fault features, good reliability and easy to use in engineering.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM343.3

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