本文選題：有機(jī)廢棄物處理　切入點(diǎn)：高溫厭氧發(fā)酵　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本研究針對(duì)以城市生活為主要來(lái)源的兩類(lèi)典型的有機(jī)固體廢棄物——剩余污泥及糞便,根據(jù)其有機(jī)物含量、營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素的差異分別選用厭氧共發(fā)酵技術(shù)以及好氧堆肥技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)污泥的能源回收以及糞便的肥分富集,并對(duì)這兩種技術(shù)在目前應(yīng)用中分別存在的丙酸積累及有機(jī)氮損失的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行深入研究,提出了有效的優(yōu)化策略,實(shí)現(xiàn)了更高效的能源回收和肥分富集。在剩余污泥的高溫厭氧共發(fā)酵研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)系統(tǒng)負(fù)荷超過(guò)8.17g-COD/L·d時(shí)開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)有機(jī)酸的積累,且以丙酸為主。隨著負(fù)荷提升至14.6g-COD/L·d時(shí),丙酸積累超過(guò)了2g-COD/L,系統(tǒng)逐漸崩潰。隨后通過(guò)基質(zhì)厭氧發(fā)酵動(dòng)力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)確定了基質(zhì)降解的動(dòng)力學(xué)特性,找出了丙酸積累的原因。并將低濃度的硫酸鹽(COD:SO42-為200:1-350:1)作為電子受體加入反應(yīng)體系,20天后積累的丙酸被迅速降解。成功的將高溫污泥厭氧共發(fā)酵系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的最大負(fù)荷從8.17g-COD/L·d提升至15.2g-COD/L·d,在有效的克服了高溫厭氧發(fā)酵過(guò)程中丙酸積累的問(wèn)題的同時(shí),實(shí)現(xiàn)高負(fù)荷條件下的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,提高了能源回收效率。在以鋸末為載體的糞便好氧堆肥批次實(shí)驗(yàn)中,通過(guò)對(duì)比溫度對(duì)堆肥初始階段及整個(gè)過(guò)程的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)在中溫條件下嗜溫的氨化細(xì)菌會(huì)迅速的將有機(jī)氮轉(zhuǎn)化為銨態(tài)氮并隨著堆體p H的上升以氨氣的形式溢出堆體,導(dǎo)致有機(jī)氮的損失高達(dá)20%。而在恒高溫(55oC)堆肥過(guò)程中,不僅能夠有效提高有機(jī)物的降解率,同時(shí)抑制了氨化細(xì)菌的活性,使得大量的有機(jī)氮能夠被保留在堆體中,整個(gè)堆肥過(guò)程中有機(jī)氮的損失僅為5.51%。利用恒高溫堆肥技術(shù)能夠既實(shí)現(xiàn)有機(jī)物的高效降解又能有效的將有機(jī)氮保留在堆體中,大大提高堆肥產(chǎn)物的肥效。通過(guò)本研究可知,根據(jù)有機(jī)廢棄物的成分差異,高溫厭氧發(fā)酵和好氧堆肥是理想的實(shí)現(xiàn)能源回收和肥分富集的有機(jī)廢棄物處理方法。通過(guò)反應(yīng)條件的優(yōu)化能夠有效提高能源回收和肥分富集效率,為實(shí)際工程中有機(jī)廢棄物的高效資源化提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In this study, two kinds of typical organic solid waste, excess sludge and feces, which are mainly derived from urban life, were studied according to their organic content. Anaerobic co-fermentation and aerobic composting were used to realize the energy recovery of sludge and the enrichment of manure, respectively. The problems of the accumulation of propionic acid and the loss of organic nitrogen in the present application of these two technologies were studied, and an effective optimization strategy was put forward. More efficient energy recovery and fertilizer enrichment were achieved. In the study of anaerobic co-fermentation of excess sludge at high temperature, it was found that the accumulation of organic acids began to occur when the system load exceeded 8.17g-COD / L 路d, and propionic acid was the main component. When the load was increased to 14.6g-COD / L 路d, The accumulation of propionic acid exceeded 2g-COD / L, and the system gradually collapsed. The reasons for the accumulation of propionic acid were found out, and the propionic acid accumulated 20 days after the addition of low concentration sulfate (COD: SO42- = 200: 1-350: 1) into the reaction system was rapidly degraded. The most successful anaerobic co-fermentation system for high temperature sludge was the most stable operation. The increase of heavy load from 8.17g-COD / L 路d to 15.2g-COD / L 路d effectively overcomes the accumulation of propionic acid during high temperature anaerobic fermentation. In the experiment of aerobic composting with sawdust as carrier, the effect of temperature on the initial stage and the whole process of composting was compared. It was found that the thermophilic ammoniated bacteria could rapidly transform organic nitrogen into ammonium nitrogen and overflow the reactor in the form of ammonia gas with the increase of pH in the reactor, resulting in the loss of organic nitrogen as high as 20%. However, in the process of composting at constant high temperature (55oC), the loss of organic nitrogen was as high as 20%. It can not only effectively increase the degradation rate of organic matter, but also inhibit the activity of ammoniated bacteria, so that a large amount of organic nitrogen can be retained in the heap. The loss of organic nitrogen in the whole composting process is only 5.51.Using the composting technology at constant high temperature, the organic nitrogen can be degraded efficiently and the organic nitrogen can be effectively retained in the compost, which greatly improves the fertilizer efficiency of the compost products. According to the composition difference of organic waste, high temperature anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting are ideal methods to realize energy recovery and fertilizer enrichment, and the efficiency of energy recovery and fertilizer enrichment can be effectively improved by optimizing reaction conditions. It provides a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of organic wastes in practical engineering.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X799.3

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