發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-05 21:01

  本文選題：燃料電池汽車　切入點(diǎn)：空氣壓縮機(jī)　出處：《北京科技大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在當(dāng)今能源與環(huán)境雙重危機(jī)下,以氫為原料的燃料電池汽車以其能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率高和環(huán)境友好等優(yōu)點(diǎn),受到國內(nèi)外政府、企業(yè)和研究機(jī)構(gòu)的格外關(guān)注。燃料電池汽車的研究涉及多個(gè)學(xué)科領(lǐng)域,其中空氣壓縮機(jī)為燃料電池提供必需的壓縮空氣,是其關(guān)鍵子系統(tǒng)之一。但國內(nèi)尚未完全掌握燃料電池汽車用空壓機(jī)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),相關(guān)研究也較少,嚴(yán)重制約了我國燃料電池汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。因此,本文對(duì)燃料電池汽車用空壓機(jī)及其機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)、軸承等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究。提出了水潤(rùn)滑軸承支承、永磁同步電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的離心式空壓機(jī)方案,并對(duì)空壓機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行了理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。充分利用電機(jī)氣隙較大的特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)密封套,解決了中置式電機(jī)的水密封難題;通過轉(zhuǎn)子動(dòng)力學(xué)設(shè)計(jì),大幅提高了系統(tǒng)臨界轉(zhuǎn)速;通過降損設(shè)計(jì),有效減小了轉(zhuǎn)子攪水損耗�？諌簷C(jī)最終達(dá)到了 100000rpm、10kW的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo),并實(shí)現(xiàn)了穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。在紊流條件下對(duì)空壓機(jī)中使用的水潤(rùn)滑徑向軸承和止推軸承的靜態(tài)特性進(jìn)行了研究,分析了軸承間隙、腔寬和腔長(zhǎng)等結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),以及供水壓力、偏心和轉(zhuǎn)速等工作參數(shù)的影響,為高速水潤(rùn)滑軸承的設(shè)計(jì)提供了參考。潤(rùn)滑膜穩(wěn)定性是水軸承在高速空壓機(jī)中應(yīng)用的關(guān)鍵問題,通過對(duì)腔的旋轉(zhuǎn)與固定、節(jié)流結(jié)構(gòu)、腔數(shù)、腔形及其參數(shù)的理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,提出了具有良好穩(wěn)定性的孔式環(huán)面節(jié)流阿基米德螺旋線腔軸承結(jié)構(gòu)。此外,還研究了大Sommerfeld數(shù)條件下紊流對(duì)軸承穩(wěn)定性的影響。針對(duì)車載使用時(shí)可能遇到的沖擊和振動(dòng)載荷,建立了考慮粗糙接觸、部分膜潤(rùn)滑和紊流全膜潤(rùn)滑的理論模型,對(duì)孔式環(huán)面節(jié)流阿基米德螺旋線腔軸承沖擊和振動(dòng)響應(yīng)進(jìn)行了分析。發(fā)現(xiàn)其具有較強(qiáng)的各向異性,腔深較大的上游區(qū)域是其抗沖擊、振動(dòng)能力最差的方向,頻率為1000Hz的沖擊和振動(dòng)對(duì)軸承威脅最大。所設(shè)計(jì)的軸承發(fā)生軸與軸瓦摩擦接觸的臨界沖擊為160G,振動(dòng)幅值為100G,滿足車載使用的要求。此外,還發(fā)現(xiàn)軸承的抗沖擊、振動(dòng)能力與穩(wěn)定性相矛盾,抗沖擊、振動(dòng)能力的提高會(huì)降低其穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:Under the dual crisis of energy and environment, the fuel cell vehicle with hydrogen as the raw material, because of its high energy conversion efficiency and environmental friendliness, has been received by the domestic and foreign governments. Research on fuel cell vehicles involves a number of disciplines, including air compressors that provide the necessary compressed air for fuel cells, It is one of its key subsystems. However, the key technology of fuel cell automobile air compressor has not been fully grasped in our country, and the related research is relatively few, which seriously restricts the development of fuel cell automobile industry in our country. In this paper, the key technologies of air compressor and its mechanical structure, bearing and so on for fuel cell vehicle are studied, and the scheme of centrifugal air compressor driven by water lubricated bearing and permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is put forward. The key technologies in the structure design of air compressor are studied theoretically and experimentally. The seal sleeve is designed to solve the water seal problem of the middle motor by fully utilizing the large air gap of the motor. The critical speed of the system is greatly increased, and the rotor churning loss is effectively reduced by reducing the loss. The air compressor finally reaches the design goal of 100000rpmm10kW. The static characteristics of water lubricated radial bearing and thrust bearing used in air compressor are studied, and the structural parameters such as bearing clearance, cavity width and cavity length, as well as water supply pressure are analyzed. The influence of eccentricity and rotational speed provides a reference for the design of high speed water lubricated bearing. The stability of lubricating film is the key problem in the application of water bearing in high speed air compressor. Based on the theoretical and experimental study of cavity shape and its parameters, the structure of orifice annular throttled Archimedes helical cavity bearing with good stability is proposed. The influence of turbulence on bearing stability under the condition of large S ommerfeld number is also studied. A theoretical model considering rough contact, partial film lubrication and turbulent total film lubrication is established for the shock and vibration loads that may be encountered in vehicle use. The shock and vibration responses of orifice orifice throttled Archimedes helical cavity bearing are analyzed. It is found that the bearing has strong anisotropy and the upstream region with larger cavity depth is the direction of its shock resistance and worst vibration ability. The impact and vibration of the bearing with frequency of 1000Hz are the greatest threat to the bearing. The critical impact of friction contact between the bearing and the bearing bearing is 160 Gand the vibration amplitude is 100 G. it is found that the bearing is anti-shock, and the vibration amplitude is 100G. in addition, it is found that the bearing is anti-shock. The vibration ability is contradictory to the stability. The improvement of shock resistance and vibration ability will reduce its stability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U469.7

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