本文選題：天然氣水合物　切入點(diǎn)：凍土　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：天然氣水合物是一種新型的潛在能源,因其燃燒污染小、能量密度高、資源量巨大等特點(diǎn)而備受關(guān)注。2009年,我國(guó)在青海省祁連山永久凍土區(qū)鉆獲天然氣水合物實(shí)物樣品,至此躋身陸域天然氣水合物礦藏含量最豐富的國(guó)家行列。目前,對(duì)陸域天然氣水合物調(diào)查工作已獲得大量成果,但天然氣水合物形成控制因素復(fù)雜,成藏機(jī)制與分布規(guī)律仍不明確,制約了天然氣水合物找礦工作。本課題從微生物多樣性角度出發(fā),以祁連山木里盆地三露天井田為重點(diǎn)研究區(qū)域,并結(jié)合東北漠河凍土區(qū)和青藏高原羌塘凍土區(qū)地下微生物多樣性成果,從群落結(jié)構(gòu)、群落分布、種群互作關(guān)系、功能分析及微生物與天然氣水合物關(guān)系,探討陸域天然氣水合物生境下微生物特征。以期為陸域天然氣水合物形成機(jī)理和分布規(guī)律、天然氣水合物區(qū)域的劃分和后期開發(fā)環(huán)境生態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)等研究提供依據(jù)。同時(shí),從實(shí)驗(yàn)室已有的木里地區(qū)、漠河地區(qū)、羌塘地區(qū)地下微生物資源庫(kù)中篩選可疑新種,進(jìn)行分類學(xué)鑒定。旨在豐富人們對(duì)天然氣水合物生境下微生物物種的認(rèn)識(shí),為天然氣水合物生境下微生物資源的開發(fā)和利用奠定基礎(chǔ)。論文的主要結(jié)論如下:(1)在陸域天然氣水合物生境下,存在大量細(xì)菌,其含量與普通土壤環(huán)境中的細(xì)菌含量相當(dāng)。微生物物種豐富,共發(fā)現(xiàn)23個(gè)菌門,645個(gè)菌屬。在該生境下,微生物特征菌群為Pseudomonas和Sphingomonas,但Pseudomonas與Sphingomonas兩屬互斥。從菌群功能來看,微生物主要參與有機(jī)質(zhì)分解作用,這一特點(diǎn)與該生境下富含有機(jī)質(zhì)的特點(diǎn)相符。在該生境下,存在產(chǎn)甲烷菌、甲烷厭氧氧化菌ANME-2d和甲烷好氧氧化菌Methylosinus以及SRB,但SRB不參與甲烷厭氧氧化作用。從縱向分布來看,細(xì)菌、古菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)及產(chǎn)甲烷菌、甲基營(yíng)養(yǎng)菌、SRB與天然氣水合物分布關(guān)系不大。從橫向分布來看,產(chǎn)甲烷菌、甲基營(yíng)養(yǎng)菌及SRB均與天然氣水合物的分布相關(guān),與推測(cè)的天然氣水合物平面區(qū)相符。(2)祁連山木里盆地地下微生物資源庫(kù)的新菌DK6-37T為Hymenobbacter菌屬新種成員,命名為Hymenobacter qilianensis sp.nov.,其簡(jiǎn)要特征如:菌種為紅色、圓形、無運(yùn)動(dòng)性、革蘭氏陰性細(xì)菌。其最適生長(zhǎng)條件為28℃、pH 7.0、0%(w/v)NaCl。MK-7為主要醌。極性脂包括磷脂酰乙醇胺、兩種未知氨基磷脂、一種未知氨脂和三種未知極性脂。主要脂肪酸為summedfeature3(C16:1ω7c和/或 C16:1ω6c)、summed feature 4(anteiso-C17:1 B和/或 iso-C17:1I)、C16:1ω5c,iso-C17:03-OH,iso-C15:0和C18:0。DNA G+C含量為67mol%。(3)東北漠河盆地地下微生物資源庫(kù)的新菌Z8T為Phyllobacteriaaceae菌科新屬新種成員,命名為Tianweitania sediminis gen.nov.,sp.nov.。Tianweitania sediminis的簡(jiǎn)要特征如:主要的脂肪酸為summed feature 4(iso-C17:1 I和/或anteiso-C17:1 B)summed feature 8(C18:1ω7c和/C18:1ω6c);主要醌為ubiquinone-10;主要的極性脂為糖脂、磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酰甲基乙醇胺。DNA G+C 含量為 59.6 mol%。(4)東北漠河盆地地下微生物資源庫(kù)的新菌Z6T為Sphingomonas菌屬新種成員,命名為Sphingomonas mohensis sp.nov.,其簡(jiǎn)要特點(diǎn)如:菌種為棒狀、革蘭氏陰性菌。其最適生長(zhǎng)條件為300℃、pH7、0%(w/v)NaCl。主要極性脂包括雙磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰乙醇胺、神經(jīng)鞘糖脂和兩種未知磷脂;主要醌為ubiquinone-10;主要脂肪酸包括 summed feature 8(C18:1ω7c 和/或C18:1ω6c和 summed feature 3(C16:1ω6c和/或C16:1ω7c);主要多胺為高精脒。DNAG+C含量為65.2 mol%。
[Abstract]:Natural gas hydrate is a new type of potential energy, because of its low pollution combustion, high energy density, the huge amount of resources is concerned of the characteristics of.2009, China drilled gas hydrate samples in Qinghai Province, Qilian Mountains permafrost area, so far among the terrestrial gas hydrate ranks the most abundant mineral content of the country at present, has been a lot of achievements on terrestrial gas hydrate investigation, but the formation of natural gas hydrate complex control factors, formation mechanism and distribution law is not clear, the restriction of natural gas hydrate prospecting work. This topic from the perspective of microbial diversity in Qilian mountain, in the basin Sanlou day mine as research area and, combined with underground permafrost microbial Qiangtang Mohe County northeast permafrost area of Qinghai Tibet Plateau and diversity results from the community structure, community distribution, population interaction, functional analysis and microbial And the relationship between gas hydrate, investigate the microbial characteristics of terrestrial gas hydrate habitats. In order to land formation mechanism and distribution of natural gas hydrate, provide the basis for the study of division and later development of ecological environment monitoring of gas hydrate area. At the same time, Mohe County from the laboratory existing Muli area, Qiangtang area, screening of suspicious species area of underground microbial resources, taxonomic identification. To enrich the people to the natural gas hydrate habitat knowledge of microbial species, and lay the foundation for the development of microbial resources of natural gas hydrate and habitat use. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) in terrestrial gas hydrate habitats, there are a large number of bacteria, the bacterial content is the content and the common soil environment. Microbial species, were found in 23 strains, 645 genera. In this habitat, biological characteristics of micro bacteria Group Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas, but Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas two. From the mutex function bacteria, microbial decomposition of organic matter in the main role, the characteristics and the characteristics of rich habitats containing organic matter. In this habitat, presence of methanogenic bacteria, anaerobic oxidation of methane bacteria and aerobic methane oxidizing bacteria ANME-2d Methylosinus and SRB, but SRB is not involved in anaerobic methane oxidation. From the vertical distribution of bacteria, and archaea community structure and methanogens, methylotrophic bacteria, SRB and gas hydrate distribution has little relationship. From the horizontal distribution, methanogens, distribution of methylotrophic bacteria and SRB were related with gas hydrate natural gas hydrate, consistent with the planar region inference. (2) Qilian Shanmu new strain DK6-37T basin underground microbial resource for the new member of the Hymenobbacter genus, named Hymenobacter qilianensis sp.no V., the brief features such as: it is red, round, no movement of gram negative bacteria. The optimum growth conditions of 28 DEG C, pH 7.0,0% (w/v) NaCl.MK-7 as major quinone. Polar lipids including phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminophospholipids, an unknown ammonia fat and three kinds of not knowledge of polar lipids. Major fatty acids were summedfeature3 (C16:1. 7C and / or C16:1 6C summed feature 4 w (anteiso-C17:1), B and / or iso-C17:1I), C16:1 iso-C17:03-OH, Omega 5C, iso-C15:0 and C18:0.DNA G+C were 67mol%. (3) new strain Z8T in Northeast Mohe County basin microbial resource for new genus the new members of the Phyllobacteriaaceae strain named Tianweitania sediminis gen.nov., sp.nov..Tianweitania sediminis, briefly features such as: the main fatty acid of summed feature 4 (iso-C17:1 I and / or anteiso-C17:1 B (C18:1) summed feature 8 7C /C18:1 6C and Omega omega); main quinone Ubiq Uinone-10; polar lipids are glycolipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidyl ethanolamine methyl.DNA G+C content was 59.6 mol%. (4) new strain Z6T in Northeast Mohe County basin groundwater microbial resource for Sphingomonas bacteria species members, named Sphingomonas mohensis sp.nov., the brief characteristics such as: it is rod-shaped, gram negative bacteria. The optimum growth conditions for 300 DEG C, pH7,0% (w/v) NaCl. polar lipids including double phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, neural glycosphingolipids and two unknown phospholipids; main quinone ubiquinone-10; main fatty acids including summed feature 8 (C18:1 7C and / or 6C and summed C18:1. Feature 3 (C16:1. 6C and / or C16:1. 7C); the main polyamine as high spermidine content of.DNAG+C is 65.2 mol%.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q93;P618.13
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本文編號(hào)：1561338