本文關(guān)鍵詞： 可拓方法 可拓城市綜合防災規(guī)劃 消防主導型 防洪主導型 多災種共存型　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來,城市防災已成為城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃領域研究的一個焦點問題。城市綜合防災規(guī)劃作為城市總體規(guī)劃的法定專項規(guī)劃之一,在城市總體規(guī)劃中占有重要地位。本文將可拓學理論與方法應用于城市綜合防災規(guī)劃研究中,利用可拓學可以模型化地解決矛盾問題并實現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新的優(yōu)勢,來彌補現(xiàn)有城市綜合防災規(guī)劃理論與方法的不足,從研究定位、類型劃分、基本原理等方面構(gòu)建了可拓城市綜合防災規(guī)劃的理論框架,并針對不同類型防災規(guī)劃中的矛盾問題提出了相應的應用方法體系,為采用計算機輔助、智能化地生成城市綜合防災規(guī)劃策略提供了理論支撐與方法平臺�？赏爻鞘芯C合防災規(guī)劃是指城市綜合防災規(guī)劃編制者及決策者在方案制定過程中,應用可拓學的理論和方法、尤其是應用其可拓思維模式和模型化的可拓分析方法,通過對防災規(guī)劃目標及條件的可拓分析與變換,化解不相容問題及對立問題沖突,提出創(chuàng)新思路及具體解決方案的活動與過程。其基本原理包括城市綜合防災規(guī)劃的基元表達、可拓思維模式、可拓分析、可拓變換;操作流程包括防災規(guī)劃的問題界定、目標與條件分析、致災與防災要素變換、策略生成與評判四個步驟;類型劃分為單災種主導型(以消防主導型、防洪主導型為典型代表)及多災種共存型。消防主導型可拓城市綜合防災規(guī)劃方法綜合是運用可拓學方法,解決以消防為主導、兼顧其他規(guī)劃目標的綜合防災規(guī)劃中矛盾問題的方法。針對消防主導型綜合防災規(guī)劃的多手段特征,提出了滿足各類消防規(guī)劃目標的策略生成方法,具體分為滿足消防規(guī)范目標和上位規(guī)劃目標兩個方面;針對消防主導型城市綜合防災規(guī)劃的全過程特征,提出了從火災前預防、火災中救援、火災后重建三個階段,全面提升消防規(guī)劃效率的可拓設計方法;針對消防用地及設施平時與災時功能需求不同的特征,從危險源用地和消防水源設施規(guī)劃設計兩個方面提出了實現(xiàn)消防規(guī)劃平災結(jié)合的轉(zhuǎn)換橋方法。防洪主導型可拓城市綜合防災規(guī)劃方法是綜合運用可拓學方法,解決以防洪為主導、兼顧其他規(guī)劃目標的綜合防災規(guī)劃中矛盾問題的方法。針對防洪主導型綜合防災規(guī)劃的多手段特征,提出了滿足各類防洪規(guī)劃需求的策略生成方法,具體分為滿足防洪規(guī)范標準和滿足流域防洪目標兩方面;針對防洪主導型城市綜合防災規(guī)劃的全過程特征,提出了從洪災前預防、洪災中疏散、洪災后重建三個過程全面提升防洪規(guī)劃效率的可拓設計方法;針對防洪用地及設施平時和災時功能需求不同的特征,從防洪河道和蓄洪濕地規(guī)劃設計兩個方面,提出了實現(xiàn)防洪規(guī)劃平災結(jié)合的轉(zhuǎn)換橋方法。多災共存型可拓城市綜合防災規(guī)劃方法,是在單災種主導型可拓綜合防災規(guī)劃方法的基礎上提出的實現(xiàn)多災種共同防御以及次生災害兼顧防御的可拓規(guī)劃方法。首先,提出了多災共存型防災規(guī)劃問題的生成方法,包括城市災害風險與防災能力評估、多災防御問題的收集與分類、多災防御問題的可拓模型表達;其次,提出了多災共存型防災規(guī)劃問題的通道轉(zhuǎn)換,包括多災種防災目標的蘊含通道、多災種防災條件的變換通道;最后,提出了多災共存型防災規(guī)劃的多目標策略生成,包括城市綜合防災詳細規(guī)劃層面的轉(zhuǎn)換橋策略生成、城市綜合防災總體規(guī)劃層面的模糊物元策略生成。論文還探討了可拓城市綜合防災規(guī)劃策略生成系統(tǒng)的設計原理及初步框架。總之,可拓城市綜合防災規(guī)劃理論與方法是將可拓學、城市綜合防災規(guī)劃與城市專項防災規(guī)劃的理論與實踐進行交叉融合,構(gòu)建起可拓城市綜合防災規(guī)劃的理論框架,并形成用以解決城市綜合防災規(guī)劃中的矛盾問題、提高城市綜合防災規(guī)劃編制及決策水平的可拓城市綜合防災規(guī)劃應用方法。本研究為城市綜合防災規(guī)劃領域增添了新的理論與方法,為城市綜合防災規(guī)劃的策略生成過程提供了形式化的表達工具,進而為城市綜合防災規(guī)劃的人工智能化進程提供了理論基礎與技術(shù)支持。同時,本研究將可拓學在城市規(guī)劃領域的應用范圍拓展到了城市防災規(guī)劃的研究與實踐之中。
[Abstract]:In recent years, city disaster prevention has become a research focus in the field of urban and rural planning. The city comprehensive disaster prevention planning as one of the statutory planning overall planning of the city, occupies an important position in the overall planning of the city. This paper introduces the extenics theory and methods used in the study of city comprehensive disaster prevention planning, using extenics model can to solve problems and achieve innovation advantage, to make up for the shortcomings of the existing city comprehensive disaster prevention planning theory and method of the research, from the location, type, basic principle to construct the extension theory framework of city comprehensive disaster prevention planning, and disaster prevention planning for different types of contradictions in the proposed system application relevant methods. For the use of computer aided intelligent strategy of generating city comprehensive disaster prevention planning provides a theoretical support and method of extension platform. City planning is a comprehensive disaster prevention The preparation of comprehensive disaster prevention planning city and decision makers in the program development process, the application of the theory and method of extenics, especially the extension analysis of the application of the method of extension thinking modes and the model of the extension, through the analysis and transformation of disaster prevention planning objectives and conditions, to resolve the incompatible problems and opposing conflict and put forward the activity and process of innovative ideas and specific solutions. Its basic principle includes element expression of city comprehensive disaster prevention planning, extension thinking modes, extension analysis, extension transformation; operation process including the definition of disaster prevention planning problems, analysis of the objectives and conditions of disaster and disaster prevention elements transformation, strategy generation and evaluation four steps; the type of single light LED (led to fire, flood dominated typical) and multi disaster. The fire led coexistence extension comprehensive disaster prevention planning method of city comprehensive use Extenics method to solve the fire led attention problems of comprehensive disaster prevention plan and other planning objectives in. Aiming at the characteristics of fire means leading comprehensive disaster prevention plan, put forward to meet the strategy method to generate all kinds of fire planning objectives, it is divided into two parts to meet the norms of the target and the planning target of fire according to the characteristics of the whole process; the fire led city comprehensive disaster prevention plan, put forward to prevent from fire, fire rescue, the three stages of reconstruction after the fire, the extension design method to enhance the efficiency of the fire plan; according to the characteristics of land use and fire facilities in peacetime and disaster when the different functional requirements, from the dangerous source of land water and fire facilities planning and design two aspects put forward the realization of transforming bridge method. Combined with the fire disaster planning and flood control oriented extension city comprehensive disaster prevention planning method is the integrated use of can Extension method, to solve the flood control problem is dominant, both methods of comprehensive disaster prevention plan and other planning objectives in the means of flood control. For many leading comprehensive disaster prevention plan, put forward to meet the needs of various flood control planning strategy generating method, divided into specific flood control standards and meet meet two goals for flood control; features of the whole process of flood control oriented city comprehensive disaster prevention plan, put forward to prevent from the flood, flood evacuation, flood reconstruction extension design method of three processes to enhance the efficiency of flood control planning; flood control for land and facilities in peacetime and disaster characteristics of different functional requirements, from the flood control channel and flood wetland planning the design of the two aspects, proposed the realization of transforming bridge method. Combined with the flood control planning disaster disaster coexisted extension method of comprehensive disaster prevention planning in the city, is the single kind of disaster leading type Based on the method of comprehensive disaster prevention plan to achieve multi disaster common defense and secondary disasters both defense extension planning method. Firstly, we propose a method to generate multi disaster prevention planning coexistence issues, including the assessment of city disaster risk and disaster prevention capabilities, collection and classification of the Royal anti multi disaster, extension model disaster defense issues; secondly, put forward multi disaster prevention planning coexistence problem of channel conversion, including channel contains multi disaster disaster prevention objectives, transform channel multi disaster disaster prevention conditions; finally, put forward the strategy of multi generation multi-objective disaster prevention planning of coexistence, including city comprehensive disaster prevention level of detailed planning the transforming bridge of strategy generation, fuzzy matter-element comprehensive disaster prevention strategy of city overall planning level formation. The thesis also discusses the design of extension strategy generating system of city comprehensive disaster prevention planning principle and preliminary Frame. In short, the extension city comprehensive disaster prevention planning theory and method of extenics is a theory and practice of comprehensive disaster prevention, city planning and city special prevention planning of cross fusion, construct the extension theory framework of city comprehensive disaster prevention plan, and formed to solve problems of city comprehensive disaster prevention planning, improve the extension city comprehensive disaster prevention planning application method of city comprehensive disaster prevention planning and decision-making level. This study adds a new theory and method for the field of city comprehensive disaster prevention plan, provides tools to express formal strategies for the generation process of city comprehensive disaster prevention plan, provide theoretical foundation and technical support for the process of city and artificial intelligence comprehensive disaster prevention planning. At the same time, this study will be extension application range in the field of city planning to expand the research and practice of city disaster prevention planning.

【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU984.116
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本文編號：1511394