本文關(guān)鍵詞：1.8米望遠鏡高階像差測量與補償　出處：《中國科學院光電技術(shù)研究所》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 天文望遠鏡 自適應光學 高階像差 遠場成像

【摘要】：在地基大口徑望遠鏡對天體目標進行高分辨力成像觀測的過程中,自適應光學系統(tǒng)在對大氣湍流進行校正、改善成像質(zhì)量方面發(fā)揮了極其重要的作用。但是,實際應用的自適應光學系統(tǒng)都處于完全未補償和完全補償兩種極端情況之間,屬于部分校正自適應光學系統(tǒng)。自適應光學對于低階像差可以實現(xiàn)幾乎完全校正,但是對于高階像差校正能力有限,自適應光學系統(tǒng)中不能校正的高階像差部分是本論文重點討論的對象。本文的研究背景是基于原1.8米望遠鏡的127單元自適應光學系統(tǒng),希望通過測量原有系統(tǒng)無法校正的高階像差部分,系統(tǒng)的分析影響原有127單元部分補償系統(tǒng)遠場圖像質(zhì)量的因素,研究例如變形反射鏡閉環(huán)引入的高階像差、望遠鏡主光路、自適應光學系統(tǒng)光路中的靜態(tài)高階像差,最后通過圖像事后處理的方式對靜態(tài)高階像差進行精確補償,以達到提升遠場成像質(zhì)量的目的。同時較系統(tǒng)的分析在建的4米望遠鏡將來可能面臨的無法校正的高階像差的各個因素。具體工作如下:1.整理分析了天文望遠鏡中的誤差來源對望遠鏡性能的影響,包括望遠鏡系統(tǒng)誤差和自適應光學系統(tǒng)誤差,重點分析了自適應光學中遠場圖像的構(gòu)成和自適應光學部分校正獲得的圖像特性,以及高階像差對遠場圖像的影響。2.系統(tǒng)的分析了1.8米望遠鏡系統(tǒng)自適應光學的當前性能和現(xiàn)有的成像質(zhì)量,針對高階像差測量需求分析了影響哈特曼測量精度的誤差因素,并設計高階測量哈特曼波前傳感器對1.8米望遠鏡高階像差進行測量。確定1.8米望遠鏡高階像差測量實驗方案,由于其中低階像差測量光路和高階像差測量光路是非共光路,所以對其中的非共光路像差提出標定方法,來準確測量系統(tǒng)高階像差。提出了系統(tǒng)低階像差和高階像差測量方案以及系統(tǒng)動態(tài)閉環(huán)高階像差測量方案。3.搭建了1.8米望遠鏡高階像差測量實驗系統(tǒng),通過測量原有127單元自適應光學系統(tǒng)無法校正的高階像差部分,分析了1.8米望遠鏡系統(tǒng)望遠鏡主光路、自適應光學系統(tǒng)光路中的靜態(tài)高階像差情況,以及變形反射鏡閉環(huán)引入的像差情況,對現(xiàn)有的自適應光學系統(tǒng)校正能力覆蓋范圍進行了劃分,仿真分析了高階像差補償后的遠場圖像。最后提出了1.8米望遠鏡自適應光學系統(tǒng)高階像差的補償設計,通過圖像事后處理的方式對靜態(tài)高階像差進行精確補償,達到了提升遠場成像質(zhì)量的目的。4.根據(jù)4米望遠鏡誤差分配的要求,對4米望遠鏡像差控制優(yōu)化進行了設計。仿真分析了4米望遠鏡自適應光學系統(tǒng)布局,對變形鏡擬合誤差、校正行程等進行了估計;分析了自適應光學系統(tǒng)對4米望遠鏡系統(tǒng)靜態(tài)像差的校正能力,包括光學加工誤差要求、蜂窩鏡主鏡壓印效應分析、系統(tǒng)對準誤差要求、次鏡支撐筋遮攔要求等,以及對全系統(tǒng)自適應光學校正后的靜態(tài)殘差進行了估計。
[Abstract]:Adaptive optics system plays a very important role in correcting atmospheric turbulence and improving imaging quality in the process of high-resolution imaging of celestial objects by ground-based large-aperture telescopes. The practical applications of adaptive optics systems are between completely uncompensated and fully compensated two extreme cases, which belong to partially corrected adaptive optical systems. Adaptive optics can achieve almost complete correction for low order aberrations. However, the correction ability for higher-order aberrations is limited. The uncorrected high-order aberrations in adaptive optical systems are the focus of this paper. The background of this paper is a 127-element adaptive optical system based on the original 1.8-meter telescope. It is hoped that by measuring the higher-order aberrations which cannot be corrected by the original system, the factors that affect the quality of far-field images of the original 127 unit partial compensation system can be analyzed. For example, the high-order aberrations introduced by the deformable mirror closed-loop, the main optical path of the telescope, and the static high-order aberrations in the optical path of the adaptive optical system are studied. Finally, the static higher-order aberration is compensated accurately by image post-processing. In order to improve the quality of far-field imaging, the factors of uncorrectable higher-order aberrations that the 4m telescope under construction may face in the future are analyzed systematically. The specific work is as follows:. 1. The influence of the error sources on the performance of the telescope is analyzed. It includes telescope system error and adaptive optics system error. The composition of far field image in adaptive optics and the image characteristics obtained by adaptive optics part correction are analyzed. The effects of high order aberrations on far field images. 2. The current performance of adaptive optics and the existing imaging quality of 1.8m telescope system are systematically analyzed. According to the demand of high-order aberration measurement, the error factors affecting Hartmann measurement accuracy are analyzed. A high-order measurement Hartman wavefront sensor is designed to measure the high-order aberration of the 1.8-meter telescope, and the experimental scheme of high-order aberration measurement for the 1.8-meter telescope is determined. Because the low order aberration measurement optical path and the high order aberration measurement optical path are non-common optical path, a calibration method is proposed for the non-common optical path aberration. The system low order aberration and high order aberration measurement scheme and the system dynamic closed loop high order aberration measurement scheme. 3. A 1.8-meter telescope high-order aberration measurement experimental system is built. By measuring the high-order aberrations which cannot be corrected by the original 127-unit adaptive optics system, the static high-order aberrations in the main optical path of the 1.8-meter telescope and the optical path of the adaptive optics system are analyzed. And the aberration caused by the deformable mirror closed-loop, the coverage of the correction ability of the existing adaptive optical system is divided. The far-field images after high-order aberration compensation are simulated and analyzed. Finally, the compensation design of high-order aberration for 1.8-meter telescope adaptive optical system is proposed. The static higher-order aberration is compensated accurately by image post-processing to improve the far-field imaging quality. 4. According to the requirements of error allocation of 4m telescope. The design of aberration control optimization for 4-meter telescope is carried out. The layout of adaptive optical system of 4-meter telescope is simulated and the fitting error of deformable mirror and the correction stroke are estimated. The ability of adaptive optics system to correct the static aberration of 4 m telescope system is analyzed, including the requirements of optical processing error, the analysis of imprint effect of honeycomb mirror primary mirror, and the requirement of system alignment error. In addition, the static residuals of adaptive optics correction for the whole system are estimated.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院光電技術(shù)研究所
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH751

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