本文關(guān)鍵詞：城市通勤二氧化碳排放的比較研究　出處：《長安大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 城市通勤交通 出行行為 交通二氧化碳排放 空間分布 交通二氧化碳排放模型 比較研究 中國與印度 低碳交通

【摘要】：低碳交通發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為中國應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化和實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的優(yōu)先戰(zhàn)略之一,在快速城市化與機(jī)動(dòng)化的進(jìn)程中,尋找導(dǎo)致環(huán)境污染等問題的癥結(jié),是應(yīng)對(duì)城市不斷擴(kuò)張、人口持續(xù)增加、經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速增長等挑戰(zhàn),探索城市低碳交通發(fā)展的科學(xué)路徑。本論文使用四個(gè)課題(國家自然基金項(xiàng)目“基于城市交通參數(shù)-家庭交通碳排放模型的西部城市低碳交通發(fā)展模式研究(51178055)”、全球變化研究之亞太網(wǎng)絡(luò)項(xiàng)目“空間參數(shù)對(duì)溫室氣體排放的影響:中國與印度城市的比較研究(ARCP2011-07CMY-Han)”、澳大利亞研究委員會(huì)項(xiàng)目“低碳城市配置:在中國單中心、多中心城市對(duì)空間參數(shù)作用的探索(ARCDP1094801)”、國家自然基金項(xiàng)目“低碳導(dǎo)向的北京城市空間結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化研究(41371007)”)采集的數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)處于快速發(fā)展時(shí)期的中國與印度的四個(gè)典型城市(中國北京、西安、武漢與印度班加羅爾)的城市形態(tài)、通勤行為特征、通勤二氧化碳排放量及敏感性、空間分布特征進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)測算與比較研究,分別建立了通用和與各城市最適宜的城市個(gè)人/家庭通勤二氧化碳排放模型,揭示了城市通勤二氧化碳排放及其空間分布的影響因素與關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)了城市空間與交通發(fā)展、通勤行為、通勤二氧化碳排放互動(dòng)中的規(guī)律及趨勢。研究成果可對(duì)減少城市交通二氧化碳排放的政策制定、對(duì)城市低碳交通、低碳城市與可持續(xù)城市的發(fā)展方案與規(guī)劃控制提供借鑒。本研究有以下創(chuàng)新性成果:第一,提出了使用泰森多邊形與交通小區(qū)空間疊加的方法計(jì)算交通小區(qū)的家庭/個(gè)人通勤二氧化碳排放量的方法。該方法避免了城市空間上的個(gè)人/家庭通勤二氧化碳排放量分布統(tǒng)計(jì)的不連續(xù)性,可以基于通勤者家庭所在小區(qū)集計(jì)、統(tǒng)計(jì)與描述通勤二氧化碳排放量空間分布的特征�；谠摲椒ㄑ芯堪l(fā)現(xiàn)在環(huán)路、放射線周邊、城市外圍地區(qū)的通勤二氧化碳排放量大于中心區(qū),通勤二氧化碳排放量與家庭擁有小汽車的空間分布特征一致。第二,基于城市個(gè)人/家庭通勤二氧化碳排放量的非正態(tài)分布特性,提出了采用Tobit模型構(gòu)建城市個(gè)人/家庭通勤二氧化碳排放的影響因素解釋模型�；谠摲椒ㄑ芯堪l(fā)現(xiàn)了以環(huán)路分隔的家庭位置和通勤者的職業(yè)類型是影響城市通勤二氧化碳排放量的重要因素;家庭擁有小汽車對(duì)中印城市通勤二氧化碳排放量的影響作用最大,是導(dǎo)致中印城市通勤二氧化碳排放量增加的最主要因素,與國際發(fā)達(dá)城市地區(qū)中收入對(duì)個(gè)人通勤二氧化碳排放量的影響作用較大有所不同;多中心的城市形態(tài)對(duì)減少個(gè)人/家庭通勤二氧化碳排放量具有顯著影響作用。第三,提出了通勤二氧化碳排放因子與排放量敏感性分析的計(jì)算方法�；谠摲椒ㄑ芯堪l(fā)現(xiàn)了載客量變化引起的通勤二氧化碳排放因子變化幅度遠(yuǎn)大于燃料消耗量變化引起的通勤二氧化碳排放因子變化幅度;通勤距離變化引起的通勤二氧化碳排放量變化幅度遠(yuǎn)大于通勤二氧化碳排放因子變化引起的通勤二氧化碳排放量變化幅度,結(jié)果表明通勤距離是通勤二氧化碳排放量的最敏感因子,其次是載客量。第四,通過對(duì)四個(gè)案例城市的對(duì)比研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)單中心蔓延型城市的通勤二氧化碳排放量的倍數(shù)差別大于城市面積、人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)的倍數(shù)差別;(2)多中心城市的平均個(gè)人/家庭通勤二氧化碳排放量比單中心城市的值低、短距離出行比例高、非機(jī)動(dòng)化出行比例高、小汽車出行比例低;城市外圍的通勤距離與二氧化碳排放量并沒有顯著增加且小汽車的通勤距離逐漸縮短,表明多中心形態(tài)下的城市交通發(fā)展更具可持續(xù)性;(3)與中國相似發(fā)展水平的典型城市西安相比,印度班加羅爾的出行距離長、公交比例低、通勤二氧化碳排放量較大,說明高度的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制和低收入家庭比例較大導(dǎo)致的非緊湊、更加分散的城市擴(kuò)張模式和大量使用汽油為燃料的兩輪摩托車會(huì)帶來較大的通勤二氧化碳排放量。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)城市交通的低碳與可持續(xù)發(fā)展、應(yīng)對(duì)城市擴(kuò)張、人口增加、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、交通二氧化碳排放量增加帶來的全球氣候變化等一系列挑戰(zhàn),本研究提出以下對(duì)策建議:(1)在快速城市化、機(jī)動(dòng)化、以及城市群的發(fā)展進(jìn)程中,家庭擁有小汽車數(shù)量與通勤距離將不可避免的增加,為了減緩由此帶來的通勤二氧化碳排放量的迅猛增加,需要多中心的發(fā)展模式、控制特大城市的規(guī)模、使與主城空間適度分離的新城或衛(wèi)星城的產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)、居住用地開發(fā)與公共交通建設(shè)同步進(jìn)行、實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)城融合,并同時(shí)考慮交通擁堵的出行控制與整個(gè)城市群的公交優(yōu)先,這樣才能引導(dǎo)人們更多的使用公共交通與慢行交通,優(yōu)化通勤交通結(jié)構(gòu),減少通勤距離與通勤二氧化碳排放量的增加幅度。(2)減緩城市交通二氧化碳排放量增加的關(guān)鍵是提高車輛的實(shí)載率與控制通勤距離的增加程度。因此,注重通勤方式向公共交通方式轉(zhuǎn)變、鼓勵(lì)合乘模式以及形成職住平衡是減緩城市通勤二氧化碳排放量增加程度的有效和重要措施。
[Abstract]:The development of low carbon transportation has become one of the strategic priorities change Chinese climate and realize the sustainable development of the city in the rapid urbanization and mobility in the process of search for the cause of environmental pollution and the crux of the problem is to deal with the city expansion, the population continued to increase, the challenges of rapid economic growth, explore the scientific path of city low carbon transportation development. This thesis uses four topics (the National Natural Science Foundation Project "city traffic parameter family transport carbon emission model in western city low carbon transportation development mode based on (51178055)," global warming effect on the Asia Pacific Network Project "spatial parameters on greenhouse gas emissions: a comparative study with India (city China ARCP2011-07CMY-Han), Australian Research Council Project" low carbon city in China configuration: single center, with the exploration of the spatial parameters of multi center city (ARCDP 1094801) ", the National Natural Science Foundation Project" low carbon oriented Beijing City Spatial Structure Optimization Research (41371007) ") of the collected data, in a period of rapid development of Chinese and India four typical city (Xi'an, Wuhan and Beijing China, India Bangalore) the city form, commuting behavior characteristics, quantity and sensitivity carbon dioxide emissions from commuting, spatial distribution characteristics are compared and researched systematically measured carbon city personal / family model is most suitable for general and commuting with the city were built, reveals the city commuter spatial distribution and impact of carbon dioxide emission factors and relations, found the city space and traffic development, commuting behavior, rules and trends carbon dioxide emissions commuter interaction. The research results can reduce carbon dioxide emissions of city traffic policy, the city low carbon transportation, low carbon city The city and the sustainable development of the city planning scheme and provide reference. This research is as follows: first, individual commuting carbon dioxide emissions is presented using Tyson method and traffic spatial overlay polygon calculation of traffic zone. This method avoids the family / personal / family space city commuter carbon dioxide emissions the statistical distribution of discontinuities, can the commuter district where the family set based on the characteristics of spatial statistics and description of commuter carbon dioxide emissions distribution. This method based on research found in the loop, the radiation surrounding the carbon dioxide emissions of commuter outlying areas of the city is greater than the center area, the spatial distribution characteristics and the amount of carbon dioxide emissions consistent with commuter family car. Second, non normal distribution characteristics of city personal / family commuter CO2 emissions based on the proposed mining Construction of personal / family commuter City carbon emission factor to explain the model with Tobit model. The method research based on the discovery of the occupation type family position and commuters to loop separation is an important factor that affects the amount of carbon dioxide emissions of city commuting; family has a small effect on commuter car emissions India city played the most important role is to the main factors of carbon dioxide emissions in China and India City commuting and income increase, international developed in city area impact on individual commuting CO2 emissions vary greatly; multi center city morphology has a significant impact on reducing CO2 emissions from individual / family commuting. Third, puts forward the calculation method of carbon dioxide emissions and emission factor analysis of commuting the amount of sensitivity. The method based on the capacity that causes the change of commuting Variation factor of carbon dioxide emissions of carbon dioxide emissions commuting factor change is far greater than the rate of fuel consumption caused by the change of carbon emissions to two; commuting range commuter CO2 emissions changes rate caused by changes in commuting distance is far greater than the changes of carbon dioxide emission factor caused by commuting results, commuting distance is the most sensitive factor of commuting emissions of carbon dioxide, followed by passenger volume is fourth, through the comparative study of the four cases of the city found: (1) multiple single center spread commuter carbon dioxide emissions city difference is greater than the area of the city, the difference between multiple population and economic index; (2) multi center city average personal / family commuting carbon dioxide emissions than the single center the city's value is low, a high proportion of short distance travel, non motorized travel ratio is high, the low proportion of car travel outside the city commute; The distance between carbon dioxide emissions and no significant increase and car commuting distance gradually shortened, shows that the center under the form of city traffic development more sustainable; (3) the typical city China with similar levels of development compared to Xi'an, India Bangalore, a long distance bus, the proportion of low carbon dioxide emissions, commuting more instructions the height of the market economy and a larger proportion of low-income families to non compact, more decentralized city expansion mode and use a lot of petrol for motorcycle fuel will bring greater commuting two carbon emissions. In order to achieve sustainable development and low carbon city traffic, with city expansion, population growth, economic growth, transportation the increase in carbon dioxide emissions caused by global climate change and a series of challenges, this study proposes the following suggestions: (1) in Rapid City, motor , and the city group in the development process, and the number of family owned car commuting distance will inevitably increase, in order to increase commuter CO2 emissions resulting from the slow, development mode requires multi center, control of large scale of the city, the industrial development and the main city of moderate separation space town or a satellite. Synchronize living land development and construction of public transportation, to achieve production integration of the city, and at the same time considering travel congestion and the whole group of city bus priority, so as to guide people to use more public traffic and slow traffic, optimize the structure of commuter traffic, commuting distance and reduce carbon dioxide emissions increase. (2) key city traffic carbon emissions to slow the increase is to increase the degree to improve vehicle loading rate and control of commuting distance. Therefore, the commuting square The transformation of public transport mode, the encouragement of combined mode and the formation of job balance are effective and important measures to slow down the increase of commuting carbon dioxide emissions.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X73

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 阿納休·薩巴爾畢斯科亞;彭永清;;與城市和諧共存[J];世界環(huán)境;2011年01期

2 朱祖希;;控制城市規(guī)模改善首都環(huán)境[J];環(huán)境保護(hù);1983年10期

3 陳躍東;城市環(huán)境與人類建筑的更新[J];華東理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(文科版);1994年01期

4 李大為;城市中的“弧島”——城市中工廠帶來的問題及應(yīng)對(duì)[J];工業(yè)建筑;2003年04期

5 劉秀梅,呂洪孝;淺談減少城市垃圾污染的幾種途徑[J];山東環(huán)境;1998年03期

6 沈金華;曾翔e，

本文編號(hào)：1397556