本文關(guān)鍵詞：土壤污染修復(fù)植物熱處置及其重金屬遷移轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律研究　出處：《東南大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 修復(fù)植物 焚燒 熱解 重金屬 生物油

【摘要】：隨著植物技術(shù)在土壤重金屬污染修復(fù)中的廣泛應(yīng)用,修復(fù)后大量植物收獲物的安全處置成為亟需解決的難題。修復(fù)植物熱處置技術(shù)具有占地面積小、減容率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),得到廣泛關(guān)注。本文應(yīng)用小試管式爐和中試流化床試驗(yàn)臺(tái)對(duì)鎘鋅超積累植物伴礦景天進(jìn)行焚燒和熱解處置,研究了植物殘?bào)w中重金屬在熱處置過(guò)程中的化學(xué)形態(tài)、在灰渣及細(xì)微顆粒中的分布特征,同時(shí)研究了熱解產(chǎn)物生物油的成分及重金屬濃度。在小試管式爐試驗(yàn)臺(tái)上考察了農(nóng)田和礦區(qū)伴礦景天焚燒過(guò)程中重金屬的遷移規(guī)律,并結(jié)合最小Gibbs自由能計(jì)算方法研究了焚燒過(guò)程中重金屬形態(tài)。結(jié)果表明,農(nóng)田和礦區(qū)伴礦景天焚燒后大于99%重金屬存在于飛灰與底渣中;溫度升高增大了飛灰中重金屬的回收率;礦區(qū)伴礦景天在高溫焚燒時(shí)飛灰中重金屬回收率高于農(nóng)田伴礦景天;在還原性氣氛下,硫和硫化物的存在抑制了重金屬的揮發(fā);而在氧化氣氛下,重金屬的揮發(fā)不受硫(S)、氯(Cl)、二氧化硅(SiO2)和三氧化二鋁(Al2O3)的影響,鋅(Zn)、鎘(Cd)和鉛(Pb)的主要化學(xué)形態(tài)是單質(zhì)和氧化物。應(yīng)用中試流化床試驗(yàn)臺(tái)對(duì)農(nóng)田伴礦景天進(jìn)行焚燒試驗(yàn)研究,主要考察了溫度與床料對(duì)伴礦景天植物焚燒過(guò)程中重金屬遷移轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律的影響;結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),底渣中Pb濃度隨著溫度升高而升高、而Zn卻降低,Cd在底渣中濃度受溫度影響較小;三種床料中,以凹凸棒土為床料時(shí)底渣中Zn和Pb回收率高,而以高鋁礬土為床料時(shí)底渣中Cd的回收率最高;Zn主要是隨未完全燃燒的生物質(zhì)的夾帶而離開(kāi)爐膛,部分Pb被纖維狀顆粒夾帶離開(kāi)爐膛、也有部分存在于不規(guī)則聚合體顆粒和KCl晶體中,Cd主要以揮發(fā)物離開(kāi)爐膛;隨著溫度的降低,重金屬與CaO和S等形成共晶熔融的顆粒,從而被除塵器捕捉;PM1、PM2.5和PM10顆粒的形成受床料類(lèi)型和溫度的影響較大,PM10中Zn濃度高,PM2.5具有較高濃度的Zn和Pb,PM1中Cd濃度高。建立了伴礦景天的流化床焚燒數(shù)學(xué)模型,應(yīng)用歐拉-歐拉-化學(xué)反應(yīng)方法對(duì)伴礦景天焚燒過(guò)程進(jìn)行研究,模擬結(jié)果顯示重金屬的揮發(fā)主要發(fā)生于爐膛的中部,并隨空氣流動(dòng)逸出爐膛。Cd在爐膛內(nèi)的揮發(fā)率大于78%;而Pb和Zn的揮發(fā)率在823K時(shí)都很低,揮發(fā)率隨著溫度升高而升高。模擬值中重金屬的揮發(fā)率高于試驗(yàn)值,但總體而言模擬研究可較好地表示重金屬的揮發(fā)過(guò)程。在小試管式爐試驗(yàn)臺(tái)研究了農(nóng)田和礦區(qū)伴礦景天熱解過(guò)程中重金屬的遷移規(guī)律、熱解產(chǎn)物及生物油成分。溫度升高提高了氣態(tài)產(chǎn)物的產(chǎn)率并促進(jìn)了重金屬向生物油的富集;與農(nóng)田伴礦景天相比,礦區(qū)伴礦景天熱解可獲得更高的氣態(tài)產(chǎn)物;Pb和Cd主要富集于生物油當(dāng)中,而Zn主要存在于殘?zhí)慨?dāng)中;在450℃下進(jìn)行熱解,生物油的主要成分為酸類(lèi)化合物,在650℃進(jìn)行熱解,烷烴的含量較高。采用流化床試驗(yàn)臺(tái)對(duì)伴礦景天植物進(jìn)行熱解中試試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,隨著熱解溫度升高,熱解炭的產(chǎn)率降低、熱解氣產(chǎn)率增加。生物油的產(chǎn)率在39.9～46.3wt%之間,于550℃時(shí)生物油的產(chǎn)率最高。熱解過(guò)程中重金屬主要存在于殘?zhí)?二級(jí)油的重金屬濃度高于一級(jí)油,一級(jí)油中Cd濃度在為0.014～0.045 mg/kg,Pb濃度為0.14～0.53mg/kg,Zn濃度為53.6～142.2mg/kg。550℃條件下、以凹凸棒土為床料,在流化床內(nèi)對(duì)伴礦景天進(jìn)行熱解,可獲得產(chǎn)率高、品質(zhì)好和重金屬含量低的一級(jí)油,并可實(shí)現(xiàn)伴礦景天的資源化再利用。
[Abstract]:With the wide application of plant technology in the remediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals, after the restoration of the safe disposal of a large number of plant harvest is the problem to be solved urgently. Phytoremediation of heat treatment technology has a small footprint, the volume reduction rate is high, has received extensive attention. The trial application of tube furnace and pilot fluidized bed of cadmium and zinc super the accumulation of plant Sedum plumbizincicola of incineration and pyrolysis disposal, chemical speciation of heavy metals in plant residues in the heat treatment process of distribution in ash and fine particles in the study at the same time, composition and concentration of heavy metals of pyrolysis products of bio oil. In the small tube furnace was studied on the migration of farmland and the heavy metal mining Sedum plumbizincicola incineration process, combined with the minimum Gibbs free energy of heavy metals during the incineration of calculation method. The results showed that farmland and ore mining area with landscape After more than 99% days of burning heavy metals in fly ash and bottom ash; temperature increase the recovery rate of heavy metals in fly ash; mining Sedum plumbizincicola fly ash heavy metal recovery rate is higher than that of farmland plumbizincicola in high temperature incineration; under reducing atmosphere, sulfur and sulfide inhibit the volatilization of heavy metals; in the oxidizing atmosphere, heavy metal volatilization from sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), silicon dioxide (SiO2) and three (Al2O3) of two aluminum oxide, zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) of the main chemical substances and oxides. The application form is in a fluidized bed Taiwan on the farmland plumbizincicola incineration experiment research, studied the influence of temperature and bed material migration of heavy metals during the incineration plant Sedum plumbizincicola; results showed that the concentration of Pb in slag increased as the temperature increased, while Zn decreased, Cd concentration in bottom ash was little affected by temperature; Three kinds of bed materials, by using attapulgite as recycled Zn and Pb when the bed bottom rate is high, while using bauxite as bed material when the bottom recovery rate of Cd in the highest; Zn is mainly with the entrainment of incomplete combustion of biomass and leaves the part of Pb is fibrous particle entrainment from the furnace also, some exist in irregular polymer particles and KCl crystal, Cd mainly in the volatiles from the furnace; with the decrease of temperature, heavy metal and CaO and S formation of granular eutectic melting, which is dust capture; PM1, affected by the bed material type and the temperature of the larger PM2.5 and PM10 particles the PM10 Zn PM2.5 with high concentration, high concentrations of Zn and Pb, PM1 in the high concentration of Cd fluidized bed incineration of Sedum plumbizincicola. Establishment of mathematical model by the Euler Euler method was used to study the chemical reaction of Sedum plumbizincicola incineration process, the simulation results show that the main volatile heavy metals In the middle, and with the air flow in the furnace hearth from.Cd volatilization rate greater than 78%; while Pb and Zn volatilization rate when 823K is low, the volatilization rate increased with increasing temperature. The simulated values of heavy metals in the evaporation rate is higher than the experimental values, but the overall simulation can be well expressed volatilization of heavy metals. The transfer law in small tube furnace of farmland and heavy metals plumbizincicola during pyrolysis, pyrolysis products and the composition of bio oil. The temperature increased with increasing gas yield and promote the enrichment of heavy metal to bio oil; compared with farmland plumbizincicola, mining Sedum plumbizincicola pyrolysis gaseous products can obtain higher; Pb and Cd are mainly enriched in the bio oil, and Zn mainly in residual carbon; pyrolysis under 450 degrees, the main components of the bio oil were acids, heat at 650 DEG C The solution, higher content of alkanes. The fluidized bed test, pyrolysis of Sedum plumbizincicola plants. The results showed that with the increase of temperature, reduce the carbon yield, increasing the pyrolysis gas yield. The yield of bio oil was 39.9 ~ 46.3wt%, 550 degrees of bio oil yield is highest. The pyrolysis process of heavy metals mainly exists in the carbon residue, heavy metal concentration is higher than a two grade oil level oil level in oil in the concentration of Cd is 0.014 ~ 0.045 mg/kg, the concentration of Pb was 0.14 ~ 0.53mg/kg, the concentration of Zn was 53.6 ~ 142.2mg/kg.550 deg.c, by using attapulgite as bed material, pyrolysis in a fluidized bed of Sedum plumbizincicola inside, can obtain high yield, good quality and low level of heavy metal content in oil, and can reuse the resources of Sedum plumbizincicola.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X53

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