本文關(guān)鍵詞：淮河中游（安徽段）微量元素的環(huán)境地球化學(xué)研究　出處：《中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 淮河 水體 沉積物 微量元素 形態(tài) 鉛同位素

【摘要】：本文以淮河中游(安徽段)壽縣正陽關(guān)至蚌埠閘區(qū)段系統(tǒng)采集的211個(gè)水樣品,54個(gè)表層沉積物樣品,及兩個(gè)沉積柱樣品作為研究對象,綜合利用混合酸消解,BCR連續(xù)形態(tài)提取及鉛同位素定年等實(shí)驗(yàn)分析方法,應(yīng)用電感耦合等離子體原子發(fā)射光譜和質(zhì)譜等測定和分析了樣品中微量元素(Cu,Pb,Zn,Ni,Co,Cr,Cd,As,Mn,Fe,Al,B,Ba,Mg)的總量,形態(tài)及鉛穩(wěn)定同位素(204Pb,206Pb,207Pb,208Pb),并結(jié)合多種污染和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)手段,及多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析(相關(guān)性分析,主成分分析及聚類分析)等數(shù)據(jù)處理方法對淮河水體及沉積物中微量元素的分布規(guī)律與富集特征,賦存狀態(tài),潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及來源進(jìn)行了分析研究。本研究的主要結(jié)果如下:(1)系統(tǒng)分析了淮河水體溶解態(tài)微量元素的時(shí)空分布特征(垂向分布和水平分布),水質(zhì)污染狀況及微量元素的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Cu,Pb,Zn,Ni,Cr,Cd,Co,Mn污染主要發(fā)生在鳳臺和淮南地區(qū),其中,Pb,Zn,Cd是淮河水體的主要污染元素,并且微量元素的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)揭示了元素Co,Cd,Pb會對人體健康產(chǎn)生潛在非致癌性風(fēng)險(xiǎn);(2)基于表層沉積物理化性質(zhì),微量元素總量和賦存形態(tài),結(jié)合多種污染和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)方法(地積累指數(shù),富集因子,污染負(fù)荷指數(shù)及潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù))揭示了研究區(qū)沉積物中微量元素的分布規(guī)律,污染程度及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平,研究結(jié)果表明沉積物中微量元素的污染程度為AsZn,CdPb,MnCu,CrFe,NiA1;其中Cd,As及Pb對生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量具有較高的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn);Mn的生物可利用性最高,其次為:AsZnCuPbNiFeCr;沉積物中As和Pb的主要形態(tài)為鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài),Zn,Cu,Fe,Ni,Cr主要以殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)存在;(3)基于相關(guān)性分析,主成分分析和聚類分析探討了淮河水體及沉積物中微量元素的可能來源,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)淮河中游(安徽段)微量元素的來源復(fù)雜多樣。B,Ba,Mg,A1主要為自然來源,Mn,Cu,Co,Ni,Cr,Fe受自然源及人為源的共同影響,而Cd,As,Pb,Zn主要來自人為源,通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn)水體及沉積物中微量元素的主要人為源有生活污水的排放,采礦活動,煤炭燃燒、電廠燃煤飛灰及汽車尾氣的大氣沉降,農(nóng)藥的使用,以及淮河支流(東淝河,茨淮新河及渦河)污水的匯入等;(4)利用210Pb同位素定年技術(shù)和Pb穩(wěn)定同位素(204Pb,206Pb,207Pb,208Pb)示蹤方法揭示了淮河沉積物中微量元素在1959至2014年間的分布規(guī)律,富集特征,賦存形態(tài)及來源,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)微量元素的歷史分布特征與人類活動緊密相關(guān),微量元素含量(Fe,Mn,Zn,Co,Cu.Ni,Pb,Cr,Cd,As)從1990s(1991-2014年)呈現(xiàn)逐漸增加的趨勢,并且在1991,1994-1998及2004年出現(xiàn)微量元素峰值,表明微量元素分布可能受到了該地區(qū)的工農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展及20世紀(jì)90年代及2004年水污染事故的影響。Pb穩(wěn)定同位素示蹤方法揭示了沉積物中Pb的來源變化,從1970年代中期以來,Pb主要來源于煤礦開采,煤炭燃燒,垃圾燃燒及汽車尾氣(無鉛汽油),1970年代中期以前,Pb含量可能受到大躍進(jìn)時(shí)期冶金活動的影響。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the middle reaches of the Huaihe River (Anhui section) 211 water samples collected from Shouxian County Zhengyangguan to Bengbu gate section of the system, 54 surface sediment samples, and two sediment samples as the research object, the comprehensive utilization of mixed acid digestion, BCR continuous form extraction and lead isotopic dating and experimental analysis, determination and analysis of trace elements in samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Cr, Cd, As, Mn, Fe, Al, B, Ba, Mg) the amount, morphology and stable lead isotopes (204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb), combined with a variety of pollution and the risk evaluation method, analysis and multivariate statistics (correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis) data processing method of the distribution of trace elements in water and sediment of Huaihe and enrichment characteristics, occurrence, and potential risk sources are analyzed. The main results of this study Are as follows: (1) analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution of trace elements in Huaihe water dissolved (vertical distribution and horizontal distribution), the level of health risk of water pollution and trace elements. The study found that Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, Co, Mn pollution mainly occurred in Fengtai and Huainan. Among them, Pb, Zn, Cd is the main pollution elements in Huaihe water, and health risk assessment of trace elements reveals the elements of Co, Cd, Pb have the potential non carcinogenic risk to human health; (2) the surface physical and chemical properties of the sediments based on the total amount of trace elements and speciation, combined with a variety of pollution and risk assessment methods (accumulation index, enrichment factor, pollution load index and the potential ecological risk index) reveals the distribution of trace elements in sediments in the study area, the pollution degree and the level of risk, the results show that the deposition of trace elements pollution in AsZn, CdPb, Mn Cu, CrFe, NiA1; Cd, As and Pb have high potential risk of ecological environment quality; Mn bioavailability is the highest, followed by: AsZnCuPbNiFeCr; main form of As and Pb in the sediments is bound to Fe Mn oxides, Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, Cr are mainly in residual form; (3) based on the correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis to explore the possible sources of trace elements in water and sediment of Huaihe, the study found that the middle reaches of the Huaihe River (Anhui section) sources of trace elements of the diversity of.B, Ba, Mg, A1 are mainly natural sources, Mn, Cu, Co, Ni, Cr, Fe from natural sources and anthropogenic influence, while Cd, As, Pb, Zn mainly from anthropogenic sources, through the analysis found that the major anthropogenic source of trace elements in water and sediment of sewage discharge, mining activities, coal combustion, coal-fired power plant fly ash deposition and automobile exhaust air, the use of pesticides, and Huaihe branch Flow (Dongfeihe River, cihuai New River River sewage inflow and vortex); (4) Pb isotope dating technique and using 210Pb (204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb isotope tracer method, 208Pb) revealed in the sediments of Huaihe trace elements distribution in 1959 to 2014 years, the enrichment characteristics and morphology the occurrence of trace elements in historical sources, distribution is closely related to human activities is found, the contents of trace elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Co, Cu.Ni, Pb, Cr, Cd, As) from 1990s (1991-2014) increases gradually, and the trace element peak in 19911994-1998 and 2004, suggesting that the trace elements distribution may be in the area of industrial and agricultural development and water pollution accident in 1990s and 2004 of.Pb stable isotope tracer method reveals the sources of variation of Pb in sediments from the middle of 1970s, since the Pb comes mainly from coal mining, coal combustion. The combustion and vehicle exhaust (unleaded gasoline), before mid 1970s, the content of Pb may be affected by the metallurgical activities during the great leap forward.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X142
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本文編號：1365611