發(fā)布時間：2017-12-27 23:30

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：臨撞下駕駛員本能性反應(yīng)及其對下肢碰撞安全性的影響研究　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 本能性反應(yīng) 反應(yīng)時間 骨肌特性 下肢損傷 膝部氣囊

【摘要】：作為人-車共駕系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,關(guān)于駕駛員行為的研究始終受到人們的廣泛關(guān)注。臨撞下駕駛員本能性反應(yīng)是駕駛員在面對前方突然出現(xiàn)的緊急工況時的自發(fā)性行為,其對汽車安全系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計有著重要影響。本文對駕駛員的真實的本能性反應(yīng)進(jìn)行分析,并研究其對下肢碰撞安全性,如損傷與防護(hù)系統(tǒng)的影響,主要研究內(nèi)容如下。首先,在駕駛模擬器中構(gòu)造模擬碰撞場景,進(jìn)行嵌入男性與女性真實駕駛員的駕駛行為試驗,獲得了駕駛員面對突然出現(xiàn)的不同緊急程度的臨撞工況時的真實的本能性反應(yīng),包括駕駛員對車輛的控制特性以及駕駛員自身下肢的肌電特性。對肌電信號進(jìn)行基于CIU聯(lián)合算法的去噪處理。獲得可用于表征本能性反應(yīng)時間的肌肉激活時刻與可用于表征伴隨著本能性姿態(tài)出現(xiàn)的骨骼肌肉特性的肌肉激活程度。其次,在駕駛員的反應(yīng)時間的研究中引入了對其肌電特性考量,將本能性反應(yīng)時間劃分為預(yù)動作時間、肌肉激活時間、油門踏板行程時間與移動時間,并分析反應(yīng)時間及其各組成部分受各因素的影響。結(jié)果表明,本能性反應(yīng)時間在不同速度、相對距離、肌肉、性別間存在一定差異;在緊急工況發(fā)生后,脛骨前肌反應(yīng)最快,因此駕駛員的制動意圖可以由脛骨前肌的激活來表征;肌肉激活時間是由于肌電信號的引入使得在意圖識別時被節(jié)省的時間,在引入肌電信號后,實現(xiàn)了對駕駛員制動意圖的提前識別。結(jié)合駕駛員對車輛的控制參數(shù),對駕駛員在碰撞發(fā)生時的下肢姿態(tài)進(jìn)行劃分,基于廣義線性模型GLM構(gòu)建了二級姿態(tài)分類器,實現(xiàn)了對碰撞發(fā)生時刻駕駛員制動姿態(tài)的準(zhǔn)確識別,并分析駕駛員在不同緊急程度時的制動行為特性。結(jié)果表明,碰撞發(fā)生時,下肢既可能位于制動上,也有可能位于油門上或空中,緊急程度越大,駕駛員的下肢處于空中甚至是油門踏板上的可能性越大。然后,對處于不同骨骼肌肉狀態(tài)、不同制動姿態(tài)的駕駛員下肢損傷進(jìn)行碰撞仿真分析,研究其受肌肉激活程度與制動行為的影響。首先通過碰撞仿真分析,評價典型工況下處于準(zhǔn)確肌肉激活程度時的駕駛員下肢損傷,將其與處于不激活、中值激活、最大激活狀態(tài)時的下肢損傷進(jìn)行對比,以研究肌肉激活程度對前碰撞時下肢損傷的影響,并研究準(zhǔn)確描述碰撞發(fā)生時刻下肢肌肉激活的意義。然后,在碰撞仿真中考慮典型工況下駕駛員下肢分別位于油門、空中和制動上的三種工況,并對其進(jìn)行損傷分析,同時,進(jìn)一步對比了處于不同姿態(tài)時駕駛員右側(cè)下肢與左側(cè)下肢損傷的差異。結(jié)果表明,碰撞發(fā)生時,駕駛員并不總是處于中值激活或完全激活狀態(tài),而隨著肌肉激活程度的增加,駕駛員下肢損傷可能性增大;腳部位于不同位置時,其下肢損傷存在一定的差異。同時,下肢主要肌肉的肌肉激活程度受緊急程度(速度、相對距離)、性別、姿態(tài)的影響。因此,為了更準(zhǔn)確地研究駕駛員下肢的損傷,需要對其肌肉激活進(jìn)行精確測量,并同時考慮不同緊急程度、姿態(tài)、肌肉、性別及下肢的影響。最后,綜合考慮駕駛員在碰撞發(fā)生時真實制動行為與骨骼肌肉特性的對應(yīng)關(guān)系,并結(jié)合駕駛員在此時對車輛的控制行為,研究駕駛員本能性反應(yīng)對其下肢損傷的影響。結(jié)果表明,無論是對于使用或不使用膝部安全氣囊而言,隨著緊急程度的上升,各損傷參數(shù)基本呈現(xiàn)上升的趨勢;而當(dāng)緊急程度變化不大時,骨肌特性的作用開始凸顯;由于踏板特性的影響,右腿的損傷參數(shù)基本大于左腿�？紤]膝部氣囊對下肢損傷的防護(hù)作用,構(gòu)造損傷代理模型,對膝部安全氣囊起爆時刻、質(zhì)量流速比例系數(shù)、排氣孔面積比例系數(shù)這三個關(guān)鍵參數(shù)進(jìn)行基于響應(yīng)面法與NSGA-II型遺傳算法的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化設(shè)計,下肢主要損傷參數(shù)在優(yōu)化后得到不同程度的下降�？紤]駕駛員本能性反應(yīng),并基于極限學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)ELM,分別對三個工況構(gòu)建氣囊關(guān)鍵參數(shù)預(yù)測模型,對真實工況下的最優(yōu)氣囊參數(shù)進(jìn)行預(yù)測。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the human vehicle driving system, the research on driver behavior has always been widely paid attention to. The driver's instinctive response is a spontaneous behavior of the driver in front of a sudden emergency. It has an important influence on the design of vehicle safety system. In this paper, the real instinctive response of drivers is analyzed, and its impact on lower limb impact safety, such as injury and protection system is studied. The main contents are as follows. First of all, is constructed to simulate the collision scene in a driving simulator, driving behavior tests were embedded in male and female driver, the driver's face suddenly appeared different degree of emergency collision condition when the true instinct reaction, including the control characteristics of electromyography characteristics of the driver of the vehicle and the driver's leg. The EMG signal is de-noised based on the CIU joint algorithm. We get the muscle activation time that can be used to characterize the response time of instinct and the degree of muscle activation that can be used to characterize skeletal muscle characteristics accompanied by the instinctive posture. Secondly, the consideration of the characteristics of EMG is introduced in the research of driver's reaction time, the instinctive reaction time is divided into the pre movement time, muscle activation time, the accelerator pedal travel time and travel time, and by the analysis of each part of the influence factors and reaction time. The results show that the instinctive reaction time at different speed, relative distance, muscle, gender differences exist in the emergency condition; after the occurrence of the tibialis anterior muscle were the most quickly, so the driver's braking intention can be characterized by the activation of the tibialis anterior muscle; muscle activation time is due to the introduction of the EMG signal that saved in intent the recognition time, the introduction of EMG signal, to achieve the early recognition of the driver's braking intention. According to the control parameters of the vehicle, to divide the lower extremity posture when a collision occurs, the generalized linear model is constructed by GLM two level gesture based classifier, to achieve accurate identification of the occurrence time of the braking stance of collision, and analysis of braking behavior of the driver in the same degree of emergency. The results show that when the collision happens, the lower limbs may be on the brake or on the throttle or on the air. The greater the degree of emergency, the greater the possibility of the driver's lower limbs being in the air or even on the accelerator pedal. Then, we simulate and analyze the driver's lower extremity injuries in different skeletal muscle States and different braking posture, and study the influence of muscle activation and braking behavior. Firstly, through collision simulation analysis, evaluation of typical conditions in accurate muscle activation of lower extremity injury degree of the driver, the activation, activation, and value in the lower extremity injury maximum activation state compared to study the influence of muscle activation of lower extremity injury before the collision, and the collision time of accurate description of lower limb muscles the significance of activation. Then, in the crash simulation, the three working conditions of driver's lower limbs in throttle, air and brake are considered, and the damage is analyzed. At the same time, the difference between the right lower extremity and the left lower extremity of the driver is compared. The results showed that when the collision occurred, the driver was not always in the median activation or fully activated state, and with the increase of muscle activation, the possibility of lower extremity injury increased. At the same time, the degree of muscle activation in the main muscles of the lower extremities is affected by the degree of urgency (speed, relative distance), sex, and posture. Therefore, in order to study the injury of the driver's lower limbs more accurately, we need to measure the muscle activation accurately, and consider the different emergency degree, posture, muscle, gender and the influence of the lower extremities. Finally, considering the corresponding relationship between the real braking behavior and the skeletal muscle characteristics when driving, the driver's instinctive response to lower extremity injury is studied based on the driver's control behavior at this time. The results show that, either for use or not to use the knee airbag, with increasing urgency, the damage parameters shows a rising trend; and when the little change of urgency, the role of bone muscle properties began to highlight; due to the effect of pedal characteristics, right leg injury parameters is greater than the left leg. Considering the knee airbag protective effect on lower extremity injuries, agent model of structural damage, the three key parameters of time, mass flow ratio, exhaust hole area ratio coefficient on the knee airbag detonation of the multi-objective optimization design method and NSGA-II genetic algorithm based on response, the main damage parameters have different degrees of decline in the lower extremity after optimization. Considering the driver's instinctive response, and based on the extreme learning machine ELM, the prediction model of the key parameters of airbags is built on three conditions respectively, and the optimal airbag parameters under real conditions are predicted.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U467.14

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