本文關(guān)鍵詞：車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)中信標(biāo)消息傳輸機(jī)制研究　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò) 信標(biāo)消息 分簇 馬爾科夫模型 短期交通狀態(tài)預(yù)測(cè) 自回歸移動(dòng)平均模型

【摘要】：車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為無線通信技術(shù)在交通領(lǐng)域中的最新應(yīng)用,受到了學(xué)術(shù)界和工業(yè)界的廣泛關(guān)注。在智能交通系統(tǒng)中,車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)被認(rèn)為是實(shí)現(xiàn)交通安全保障、提高交通效率、解決能源和污染問題的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的一種最基本、最重要的消息類型被稱為信標(biāo)消息。信標(biāo)消息承載了節(jié)點(diǎn)的行駛狀態(tài)和通信狀態(tài),所有車輛節(jié)點(diǎn)和路邊設(shè)備節(jié)點(diǎn)通過周期性的信標(biāo)消息傳輸建立彼此之間的聯(lián)系,形成車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)。由于車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有節(jié)點(diǎn)密度變化大、網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)渥兓臁o線信道質(zhì)量變化多樣等特點(diǎn),導(dǎo)致實(shí)時(shí)可靠的信標(biāo)消息傳輸難以得到保證,直接影響了車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)的整體服務(wù)質(zhì)量。針對(duì)這一問題,研究者們進(jìn)行了廣泛的研究,通過尋找合適的優(yōu)化依據(jù)和優(yōu)化方法,努力提高信標(biāo)消息傳輸性能。然而已有的關(guān)于信標(biāo)消息傳輸機(jī)制研究,往往僅針對(duì)車輛與車輛通信這種單一情況,很少考慮車輛分簇或者有路邊設(shè)備參與等網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境。此外,如何優(yōu)化信標(biāo)傳輸機(jī)制以快速響應(yīng)車輛密度的大幅度變化,如何優(yōu)化路邊設(shè)備的信標(biāo)消息傳輸能效,以及如何改善已有信標(biāo)消息傳輸機(jī)制優(yōu)化方法的滯后性等,也是目前亟待解決的問題。本文針對(duì)上述內(nèi)容,對(duì)車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)中信標(biāo)消息傳輸機(jī)制進(jìn)行了深入的研究,主要內(nèi)容及創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)包括:1.在分簇車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中,對(duì)信標(biāo)消息傳輸機(jī)制的優(yōu)化依據(jù)進(jìn)行研究,設(shè)計(jì)了一種簇成員數(shù)量快速評(píng)估方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)簇成員數(shù)量是否低于閾值的快速判斷。認(rèn)識(shí)到已有的數(shù)量評(píng)估方法是通過查詢簇成員列表實(shí)現(xiàn)的,這種方法耗時(shí)較長且不適用于車輛密度較高的環(huán)境,無法滿足信標(biāo)消息傳輸機(jī)制優(yōu)化的需求。本文提出了一種基于競(jìng)爭的時(shí)隙占用方法,有效提高簇成員數(shù)量評(píng)估效率。具體而言:1)介紹了通過時(shí)隙占用方法實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量評(píng)估的基本原理和特點(diǎn),給出了時(shí)隙占用方法的參數(shù)選擇過程,并分析了所提方法的有效性和準(zhǔn)確性,參數(shù)選擇結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了所提方法的高效性;2)在所提方法的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步提出了一種改進(jìn)的簇成員數(shù)量快速評(píng)估方法,通過適時(shí)進(jìn)行評(píng)估過程中斷,實(shí)現(xiàn)評(píng)估效率的再次提升;3)分析了信道狀態(tài)對(duì)所提兩種數(shù)量評(píng)估方法的影響,證明了在非理想信道條件下,通過合理的參數(shù)選擇,所提方法依然能夠保證其有效性、準(zhǔn)確性和高效性。2.在有路邊設(shè)備的車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中,對(duì)信標(biāo)消息傳輸機(jī)制的優(yōu)化方法進(jìn)行研究,設(shè)計(jì)了一種考慮能效的路邊設(shè)備信標(biāo)消息傳輸機(jī)制優(yōu)化方案。傳統(tǒng)的信標(biāo)消息傳輸機(jī)制要求路邊設(shè)備周期性的廣播信標(biāo)消息,然而當(dāng)車輛密度較低時(shí),周期性的廣播往往因?yàn)闆]有車輛接收而意味著能量的浪費(fèi)。在實(shí)際道路上,車輛的到達(dá)是服從一定規(guī)律的,如何優(yōu)化信標(biāo)消息發(fā)送間隔,平衡能量消耗與得到一次有效消息傳輸機(jī)會(huì)所需時(shí)間之間的關(guān)系,成為一個(gè)值得研究的課題。具體研究包括:1)利用最大似然法實(shí)現(xiàn)車輛到達(dá)規(guī)律的馬爾科夫模型建模,并基于中心極限定理分析了觀測(cè)樣本數(shù)量與模型建立準(zhǔn)確度之間的關(guān)系:2)利用所得模型分析了信標(biāo)消息發(fā)送間隔與獲得一次有效消息傳輸機(jī)會(huì)所需時(shí)間之間的關(guān)系,給出了不同初始狀態(tài)下信標(biāo)消息發(fā)送間隔的優(yōu)化方法:3)基于Sigmoid函數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)了路邊設(shè)備的滿意度函數(shù),分析了系統(tǒng)參數(shù)對(duì)滿意度函數(shù)的影響,綜合考慮各指標(biāo)的滿意度,實(shí)現(xiàn)了最優(yōu)信標(biāo)消息發(fā)送間隔的求解。3.在車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,對(duì)信標(biāo)消息傳輸機(jī)制的優(yōu)化依據(jù)和優(yōu)化方法進(jìn)行研究,設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于短期交通狀態(tài)預(yù)測(cè)的信標(biāo)消息傳輸機(jī)制優(yōu)化方案。認(rèn)識(shí)到現(xiàn)有優(yōu)化方案通常是根據(jù)已有數(shù)據(jù)來對(duì)未來的信標(biāo)消息傳輸機(jī)制進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。對(duì)于拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)快速變化的車載自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò),這種優(yōu)化方案是相對(duì)滯后的。本文提出了一種基于短期交通狀態(tài)預(yù)測(cè)的自適應(yīng)信標(biāo)消息傳輸機(jī)制,有效改善了信標(biāo)消息傳輸性能。方案設(shè)計(jì)過程中充分考慮了車輛節(jié)點(diǎn)對(duì)信道資源利用的公平性。具體而言:1)設(shè)計(jì)了一種新的平均鄰居節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量的估算方法,給出了信標(biāo)消息傳輸機(jī)制的優(yōu)化發(fā)起條件;2)根據(jù)自回歸移動(dòng)平均模型,利用歷史交通數(shù)據(jù)建立不同的交通流模式,通過模式匹配實(shí)現(xiàn)短期交通狀態(tài)參數(shù)的一步預(yù)測(cè);3)以參數(shù)預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果為優(yōu)化依據(jù),提出了一種信標(biāo)消息傳輸機(jī)制聯(lián)合優(yōu)化方法,通過對(duì)信標(biāo)消息生成頻率和傳輸功率的聯(lián)合優(yōu)化控制,實(shí)現(xiàn)信標(biāo)消息傳輸性能的優(yōu)化。
[Abstract]:As the latest application of wireless communication technology in the field of traffic, vehicular ad hoc networks have received extensive attention from academia and industry. In intelligent transportation system, vehicular ad hoc network technology is considered to be one of the key technologies to achieve traffic safety, improve traffic efficiency, solve energy and pollution problems. One of the most basic and important message types in vehicular ad hoc networks is called beacon messages. Beacon message carries the running state and communication state of nodes, and all vehicle nodes and roadside device nodes establish the connection between each other by periodic beacon message transmission, and form vehicular ad hoc network. Because the vehicular ad hoc network has the characteristics of large node density, fast network topology and diverse quality of wireless channel, the real-time reliable beacon message transmission is difficult to be guaranteed, which directly affects the overall quality of service of vehicular ad hoc network. In order to solve this problem, researchers have carried out a wide range of research, and strive to improve the performance of beacon message transmission by looking for appropriate optimization basis and optimization methods. However, the existing researches on beacon message transmission mechanism usually aim at the single situation of vehicle and vehicle communication, and rarely consider vehicle clustering or roadside device participation. In addition, how to optimize the beacon transmission mechanism to respond to the rapid change of vehicle density, how to optimize the beacon message transmission energy efficiency of roadside devices, and how to improve the lagging of the existing beacon message transmission mechanism optimization methods, is also an urgent problem to solve now. According to the content of vehicular ad hoc network beacon message transmission mechanism is studied, the main contents and innovations include: 1. in the cluster of vehicular ad hoc network environment, the paper studies the optimal basis of beacon message transmission mechanism, design a rapid assessment method the number of cluster members, achieve rapid judgment the number of cluster members is lower than the threshold. It is recognized that the existing quantitative evaluation method is implemented through querying cluster member list. This method takes a long time and is not suitable for environments with high vehicle density, which can not satisfy the requirement of beacon message transmission mechanism optimization. In this paper, a competition based time slot occupancy method is proposed to effectively improve the efficiency of cluster membership evaluation. Specifically: 1) introduced the method through the slot of the realization of the basic occupation principle and characteristics of the number of node evaluation, selection of process parameters is presented. The slot occupancy method, and analyze the effectiveness of the proposed method and the accuracy of parameter selection, results show that the proposed method; 2) based on the proposed method. Put forward a fast assessment method improved the number of cluster members, through the timely implementation of the evaluation process is interrupted, to evaluate the efficiency of the upgrade again; 3) analyzes the channel status of the two assessment methods, and proved that the non ideal channel conditions, through the reasonable choice of parameters, the proposed method is still to ensure the effectiveness, accuracy and efficiency. 2., in the vehicular ad hoc network with roadside devices, we study the optimization method of beacon message transmission mechanism, and design an optimization scheme of the beacon message transmission mechanism considering the energy efficiency. Traditional beacon message transmission mechanism requires periodic broadcast beacon messages on roadside devices. However, when vehicle density is low, periodic broadcasting often means energy waste because there is no vehicle reception. On the real road, the arrival of vehicles is subject to certain rules. How to optimize the relationship between beacon message sending interval, balancing energy consumption and obtaining the time of effective message transmission opportunity has become a worthy research topic. Specific studies include: 1) Markoff model to realize vehicle arrival pattern using maximum likelihood method, and based on the central limit theorem of the number of observation samples and models the relationship between accuracy of the analysis: 2) the beacon interval of message transmission and get an effective message transmission opportunity for relations between the time by using the above model. Gives the optimization method under different initial conditions the beacon message transmission interval: 3) based on the Sigmoid function design the satisfaction function of roadside equipment, analyzes the influence of system parameters on the satisfaction function, considering each index satisfaction, achieve optimal beacon message transmission interval. 3., in vehicle self-organizing network, we studied the optimization basis and optimization method of beacon message transmission mechanism, and designed an optimization scheme of beacon message transmission mechanism based on short-term traffic state prediction. It is recognized that the existing optimization scheme is usually based on the existing data to optimize the future beacon message transmission mechanism. This optimization scheme is relatively lagged for the fast changing topology of the vehicular self organizing network. In this paper, an adaptive beacon message transmission mechanism based on short-term traffic state prediction is proposed, which effectively improves the performance of beacon message transmission. In the process of design, the fairness of vehicle node to channel resource utilization is fully considered. Specifically: 1) design a method for estimating the average number of new neighbor nodes, gives the optimal beacon message transmission mechanism of the launch conditions; 2) based on the autoregressive moving average model, using historical traffic data to build traffic flow patterns, the pattern matching step to predict short-term traffic parameters; 3 the prediction results for the optimization of parameters) basis, put forward the optimization method of a beacon message transmission mechanism, controlled by the joint optimization of the beacon message generation frequency and transmission power, optimize the transmission performance of beacon message.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN929.5;U495

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