【摘要】：民族自決權(quán)是國際法上公認(rèn)的基本原則之一,關(guān)于民族自決權(quán)實現(xiàn)方式的具體規(guī)定,目前在國際法上并不明確。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后,作為非暴力實現(xiàn)民族自決權(quán)的一種方式,全民公決制度使得許多殖民地國家獲得了獨立,但是也同時挑戰(zhàn)了現(xiàn)有主權(quán)國家的完整與統(tǒng)一。2014年,烏克蘭主權(quán)范圍內(nèi)的克里米亞地區(qū)舉行了該地區(qū)范圍內(nèi)的全民公決,隨后脫離烏克蘭,轉(zhuǎn)為俄羅斯管轄。該事件引起了全球范圍內(nèi)各界的討論,在國際法層面上,很大程度是對其合法性的判斷和對民族自決權(quán)理論的探討。在克里米亞全民公決事件中發(fā)揮作用的全民公決制度,作為民族自決權(quán)的重要實現(xiàn)方式,其合理有效地實施,對于解決地區(qū)矛盾、民族矛盾、甚至國際爭端或有其重要意義,但是由于其法律依據(jù)的缺失,國際社會上對這一制度也是多有爭議�；诿褡遄詻Q原則的全民公決是否合法,關(guān)系到舉行全民公決制度的民族能否獨立出去成為國際法主體和國家承認(rèn)的問題,更關(guān)系到到多民族國家面對類似問題時應(yīng)當(dāng)如何處理。因此,我們需要對民族自決權(quán)的內(nèi)涵和全民公決制度的實施達成更清晰的共識。本文將立足于對克里米亞公決事件的起因和背景進行剖析,對該事件的合法性與否進行討論,在此基礎(chǔ)上對民族自決權(quán)做理論上的分析,以期能夠厘清民族自決權(quán)與國家主權(quán)之間的矛盾與聯(lián)系,以及民族自決權(quán)原則究竟應(yīng)當(dāng)如何實現(xiàn)才能達到更好地實踐效果,最終希望能夠?qū)υ诋?dāng)今時代,民族自決權(quán)理論應(yīng)當(dāng)如何發(fā)展,才能更好地適應(yīng)時代需要發(fā)表一些看法。在本文寫作過程中,筆者對國際法上有關(guān)于民族自決權(quán)的條約進行搜索和研究,例如對《聯(lián)合國憲章》、《給予殖民地國家和人民獨立宣言》、《聯(lián)合國土著人民權(quán)利宣言》等國際法文件中涉及民族自決權(quán)的條文進行查找和理解,由民族自決權(quán)概念最初的倡導(dǎo)者列寧的選集開始,對后來國內(nèi)外學(xué)者有關(guān)民族自決權(quán)理論的專著做了初步查閱,其中,有關(guān)主權(quán)和人權(quán)的對立統(tǒng)一關(guān)系理論被運用于本文中對國家主權(quán)和民族自決權(quán)的關(guān)系的探討,另外對于后殖民時代,民族自決的適用對國家主權(quán)原則和領(lǐng)土完整構(gòu)成威脅,民族分離主義運動興起,進而發(fā)展出外部自決權(quán)和內(nèi)部自決權(quán)的概念,本文認(rèn)為民族自決權(quán)應(yīng)當(dāng)更多地向內(nèi)部自決權(quán)方向發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The right of national self-determination is one of the basic principles recognized in international law. The specific provisions on the realization of the right to self-determination of ethnic minorities are not clear in international law. After the Second World War, as a way of Non Violence to realize the right to self-determination, the system of referendum made a number of colonial countries independent, but they were also selected at the same time. In the.2014 years of the integrity and unity of the existing sovereign states, the Crimea region within the sovereignty of Ukraine held a referendum in the region within the region, followed by the transition from Ukraine to Russia's jurisdiction. The event led to a global discussion on the international law level, to a large extent the judgment and the right to its legitimacy. The discussion of the theory of the right of national self-determination. The system of referendum, which plays a role in the referendum of Crimea, is an important way of realizing the right of national self-determination. It is implemented reasonably and effectively to solve regional contradictions, ethnic contradictions, and even international disputes. But because of the lack of legal basis, the international community is in the international community. It is also controversial about this system. Whether the national referendum is legal based on the principle of national self-determination, whether it is related to whether the nation holding the referendum system can go out independently and become the subject of international law and the state recognise, how to deal with the similar problems to the multi-ethnic country. Therefore, we need the right to self-determination of the nation. This article will be based on the analysis of the origin and background of the Crimea referendum, and discuss the legitimacy of the event. On the basis of this, the theoretical analysis of the right of national self-determination is made in order to clarify the spear between the right of national self-determination and the sovereignty of the state. How can the shield and connection and the principle of the right of national self-determination be realized to achieve a better practical effect, and finally hope to make some views on how the theory of the right of self-determination should be developed in the present era in order to better adapt to the needs of the times. In this article, the author has a right to national self-determination in international law. The treaty was searched and studied, such as the search and understanding of the provisions concerning the right to self-determination in international law documents, such as the Charter of the United Nations, the declaration for the independence of colonial countries and people, the declaration of the United Nations on the rights of indigenous peoples and other international law documents, starting from the selection of Lenin, the original advocate of the concept of the right to self-determination of the nation, and the later scholars at home and abroad. The monograph about the theory of the right to self-determination of the nation has been preliminarily consulted. Among them, the theory of the unity of opposites of sovereignty and human rights is applied to the discussion of the relationship between state sovereignty and the right of national self-determination. In the post colonial era, the application of national self-determination poses a threat to the principle of state sovereignty and territorial integrity, and national separatism. The rise of sport has led to the development of the concept of external self-determination and internal self-determination. This article argues that the right of national self-determination should be more directed towards the right of internal self-determination.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D063

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1 佟永欣;克里米亞公決事件的民族自決權(quán)分析[D];上海師范大學(xué);2017年

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