清代官員終養(yǎng)制度研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-10 22:14
【摘要】：終養(yǎng)制度是一種離職回籍奉養(yǎng)父母的制度。所謂終養(yǎng),就是古代官員對父母、祖父母以及繼母等親屬養(yǎng)老問題的一種安排。其淵源可以追溯到西晉,在唐宋時期逐步完善,在元明時期走向成熟,最終在清代發(fā)展到了極致,并成為有清一代重要的人事行政制度。百善孝為先,在清代以孝治天下的基本國策下,終養(yǎng)制度作為體現(xiàn)孝治的具體表現(xiàn),為清代的歷任統(tǒng)治者所重視,成為其踐行孝治、維護王朝統(tǒng)治的重要手段。清廷通過給予終養(yǎng)官員以優(yōu)待,并制訂了相關(guān)法律來管理終養(yǎng)官員,以此來保證終養(yǎng)制度的順利推行。清代終養(yǎng)制度大致可以分為三種類型,漢官終養(yǎng)、滿官終養(yǎng)以及武職終養(yǎng),三種終養(yǎng)類型各有特色,互為補充,來保證整個官僚集團的正常運行。清代官員的終養(yǎng)制度有其獨有的特色,通過對終養(yǎng)制度的整體研究可以看出,清代的歷任統(tǒng)治者非常重視此制度的運行,通過以身作則,教化臣民,使尊老養(yǎng)老的觀念蔚然成風(fēng),終養(yǎng)制度體現(xiàn)了儒家孝道觀念,促進了儒家孝文化的傳播,這對當(dāng)時的社會產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。首先,終養(yǎng)制度使清王朝踐行了以孝治天下的政治綱領(lǐng),維護了王朝的統(tǒng)治;其次,它宣傳了孝道,使官員明白為官應(yīng)該以孝為先,提高了官員的道德修養(yǎng),有利于官僚隊伍的建設(shè);再次,它凈化了社會風(fēng)氣,提高了老年人地位,使“老有所養(yǎng)”的觀念深入人心。但是終養(yǎng)制度也有其固有的缺陷,它束縛了民眾的思想,壓抑了人性,在一定程度上限制了國家機構(gòu)的改革�？傊�,終養(yǎng)制度作為有清一代重要的制度,它所宣揚的孝道觀念非常值得當(dāng)代社會傳承和借鑒的,我們應(yīng)該汲取其精華,剔除其糟粕,這對于今天現(xiàn)代文明建設(shè)有著極大的啟示意義。
[Abstract]:The final care system is a kind of system of leaving home to support parents. The so-called end-care is an arrangement for ancient officials to provide for the aged of relatives such as parents, grandparents and stepmothers. Its origin can be traced back to the Western Jin Dynasty, gradually improved in the Tang and Song dynasties, matured in the Yuan and Ming dynasties, finally developed to the extreme in the Qing Dynasty, and became an important personnel administrative system of the Qing Dynasty. Under the basic state policy of filial piety in Qing Dynasty, the system of final care, as the concrete expression of filial piety, was attached importance to by the rulers of Qing Dynasty and became an important means for them to practice filial piety and maintain the rule of dynasty. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the final maintenance system, the Qing court gave preferential treatment to the final maintenance officials and enacted relevant laws to manage the final maintenance officials. The final maintenance system of Qing Dynasty can be roughly divided into three types: the Han official final support, the Manchu official final support and the military post final support. The three final support types have their own characteristics and complement each other to ensure the normal operation of the whole bureaucratic group. The final maintenance system of officials in the Qing Dynasty has its unique characteristics. Through the overall study of the system, it can be seen that successive rulers of the Qing Dynasty attached great importance to the operation of the system, and taught their subjects by leading by example. The idea of respecting the elderly and providing for the aged has become popular, and the final maintenance system has embodied the Confucian concept of filial piety and promoted the spread of the Confucian filial piety culture, which had a far-reaching impact on the society at that time. First of all, the system of upbringing made the Qing Dynasty practice the political program of ruling the world with filial piety and maintain the rule of the dynasty. Secondly, it propagandizes filial piety, makes officials understand that filial piety should be the first, improves the moral accomplishment of officials, and is conducive to the construction of bureaucrats. Third, it purifies the social atmosphere, improves the status of the elderly, and makes the concept of "security for the elderly" deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. But the final maintenance system also has its inherent defects, it fetters the people's thought, oppresses the human nature, and limits the reform of the state institutions to a certain extent. In a word, as an important system of the Qing Dynasty, the concept of filial piety advocated by the final maintenance system is very worthy of inheriting and drawing lessons from contemporary society, and we should absorb its essence and eliminate its dross. This is of great significance to the construction of modern civilization today.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K249
本文編號：2474040
[Abstract]:The final care system is a kind of system of leaving home to support parents. The so-called end-care is an arrangement for ancient officials to provide for the aged of relatives such as parents, grandparents and stepmothers. Its origin can be traced back to the Western Jin Dynasty, gradually improved in the Tang and Song dynasties, matured in the Yuan and Ming dynasties, finally developed to the extreme in the Qing Dynasty, and became an important personnel administrative system of the Qing Dynasty. Under the basic state policy of filial piety in Qing Dynasty, the system of final care, as the concrete expression of filial piety, was attached importance to by the rulers of Qing Dynasty and became an important means for them to practice filial piety and maintain the rule of dynasty. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the final maintenance system, the Qing court gave preferential treatment to the final maintenance officials and enacted relevant laws to manage the final maintenance officials. The final maintenance system of Qing Dynasty can be roughly divided into three types: the Han official final support, the Manchu official final support and the military post final support. The three final support types have their own characteristics and complement each other to ensure the normal operation of the whole bureaucratic group. The final maintenance system of officials in the Qing Dynasty has its unique characteristics. Through the overall study of the system, it can be seen that successive rulers of the Qing Dynasty attached great importance to the operation of the system, and taught their subjects by leading by example. The idea of respecting the elderly and providing for the aged has become popular, and the final maintenance system has embodied the Confucian concept of filial piety and promoted the spread of the Confucian filial piety culture, which had a far-reaching impact on the society at that time. First of all, the system of upbringing made the Qing Dynasty practice the political program of ruling the world with filial piety and maintain the rule of the dynasty. Secondly, it propagandizes filial piety, makes officials understand that filial piety should be the first, improves the moral accomplishment of officials, and is conducive to the construction of bureaucrats. Third, it purifies the social atmosphere, improves the status of the elderly, and makes the concept of "security for the elderly" deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. But the final maintenance system also has its inherent defects, it fetters the people's thought, oppresses the human nature, and limits the reform of the state institutions to a certain extent. In a word, as an important system of the Qing Dynasty, the concept of filial piety advocated by the final maintenance system is very worthy of inheriting and drawing lessons from contemporary society, and we should absorb its essence and eliminate its dross. This is of great significance to the construction of modern civilization today.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K249
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，本文編號：2474040
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