【摘要】：六朝時期,士族家訓(xùn)隨著家庭教育的興盛而發(fā)展起來,成為家庭教育的重要形式之一。家訓(xùn)以道德教育為主要內(nèi)容,訓(xùn)誡的對象主要是子孫及對其有教育義務(wù)的晚輩。雖然沒有出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)格意義上體例完備的家訓(xùn),但在日常的訓(xùn)誡中,家訓(xùn)的主體有意識地進行著述,傳家的意義越來越明顯。家訓(xùn)在士族教育中的實際作用,最重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)還是被訓(xùn)誡者的踐行程度。根據(jù)現(xiàn)存史料記載分析統(tǒng)計,被訓(xùn)誡者對家訓(xùn)的遵循或違背例證幾乎各占一半。其中,因事而述的家訓(xùn)由于現(xiàn)實的益處而更容易被受訓(xùn)誡者所接受與遵從;而日常以道德訓(xùn)誡為主的家訓(xùn),影響被訓(xùn)誡者遵從或是違背的因素要更復(fù)雜一些,從現(xiàn)有的材料來看,訓(xùn)誡者自身的榜樣效果與對其子的影響力是影響受訓(xùn)誡者的主要因素。眾多的反面例證表明,這一時期的家訓(xùn)對子孫的約束力并不強,家訓(xùn)更像是父輩對子孫的一種期望,并非是一種主要的教育方式。士族家訓(xùn)也反映了訓(xùn)誡者自身的思想風(fēng)貌。雖然六朝的士族家訓(xùn)往往以保身避禍為主要目標(biāo),但實際上也有相當(dāng)一部分的家訓(xùn)作者,在家訓(xùn)中述其平生所志與思想理念,并希望子孫可以效其所志。但其理念與志向存在渺遠(yuǎn)、模糊的問題,使得其道德訓(xùn)誡的作用受到了削弱,尤其是家訓(xùn)中的家國觀念最為明顯,體現(xiàn)了家訓(xùn)在現(xiàn)實環(huán)境下對實用性與功利性的讓步,而其對佛道思想的吸收也體現(xiàn)了這一特征。這些都表明,雖然六朝士族在家訓(xùn)中不乏述其平生所志與其道德操守的內(nèi)容,但家訓(xùn)始終是以保全家族并使之長久興盛為最終目的。
[Abstract]:In the six dynasties, the family training developed with the prosperity of family education, and became one of the important forms of family education. Family training is the main content of the moral education, the subject of the admonition is mainly the children and the late generation with the education obligation. Although there is no strict family training in strict sense, in the day-to-day training, the main body of the family training is made consciously, and the meaning of the family is becoming more and more obvious. The practical function of family training in the education of the family, the most important standard is the practice of the commandgers. According to the analysis and statistics of the existing historical materials, the observance or violation of the domestic training by the trainees is almost half the case. in which, as a result of the fact that the family training is more likely to be accepted and complied with by the rectus due to the practical benefits, the day-to-day family training, which is the subject of moral precepts, is more complex to the factors that are subject to or contrary to the subject, from the existing materials, The role model effect and the influence on his son are the main factors that affect the subject. A large number of negative examples show that this period of family training is not binding on the children and is not strong, and the family training is more like a kind of expectation of the parents to the children, and is not a major way of education. The family training of the family also reflects the thought and style of the exservists themselves. Although the family training of the six dynasties is often the main goal, but in fact there is quite a part of the author of the family, in the family training, the plan and the idea of the thought, and hope that the children can make it. But its concept and aim are far and far away and the problem of fuzzy is weakened, especially the concept of the family country in the family training is the most obvious, which embodies the concession of the domestic training to the utility and the utility in the real environment. This characteristic is also reflected in the absorption of the Buddhist thought. These have shown that, while the six-year-old scholar, in his family training, has the content of his or her moral integrity, the family's training has always been to preserve the family and make it a long-term and final purpose.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K23

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