明代雜職官員出身考論
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-21 10:55
【摘要】：明初的雜職官與其他類官員一樣經(jīng)由舉薦而來,雜職官與其他官員的差別僅是品級的差別,而非正途與異途的區(qū)分。過去學界認為明初的薦舉(也稱察舉)是在明初科舉停辦、對人才需求孔急之時所實行的特殊制度,但實際上,明初的薦舉制度可以看做是元代從戶計(戶役)中選擇官員制度的延續(xù)。而被薦舉者擔任雜職官員(此時當包括學官)也最多。也就是說,明初的薦舉實際上可能是刻意地沿用舊制,而非一般所理解的禮遇士人仿古之制。隨著明代科舉制度的恢復,儒士通過科舉任官逐步退出雜職官群體。洪武十七年后有一系列對吏員任官的規(guī)定出現(xiàn),逐漸形成以吏員補任雜職官的途徑。此后明代雜職官的出身由薦舉逐漸轉(zhuǎn)為吏員,形成了明代雜職官與吏出身者逐漸混同的情況。
[Abstract]:In the early Ming Dynasty, miscellaneous officials came through recommendation just like other officials. The difference between miscellaneous officials and other officials was only the grade difference, not the difference between positive and different ways. In the past, scholars considered that the recommendation and appointment (also known as "inspection") in the early Ming Dynasty was a special system implemented in the early Ming Dynasty when the imperial examination was discontinued and the demand for talent was urgent, but in fact, The recommendation system in the early Ming Dynasty can be seen as a continuation of the system of selecting officials from the households in the Yuan Dynasty. The number of nominees serving as miscellaneous officials (including school officials) is also the highest. That is to say, in the early Ming Dynasty, the recommendation may have been deliberately followed by the old system, rather than the system of imitating the ancient times by courteous scholars. With the restoration of imperial examination system in Ming Dynasty, Confucianism gradually withdrew from miscellaneous official group through imperial examination. After 17 years of Hongwu, a series of regulations about officials as officials appeared, and gradually formed a way to replace officials as miscellaneous officials. Since then, the birth of miscellaneous officials in the Ming Dynasty gradually changed from recommendation to official, forming the situation that miscellaneous officials and officials gradually mixed with each other in the Ming Dynasty.
【作者單位】： 東北師范大學歷史文化學院;
【基金】：國家社會科學基金重點項目(12AZD093)
【分類號】：K248
本文編號：2346762
[Abstract]:In the early Ming Dynasty, miscellaneous officials came through recommendation just like other officials. The difference between miscellaneous officials and other officials was only the grade difference, not the difference between positive and different ways. In the past, scholars considered that the recommendation and appointment (also known as "inspection") in the early Ming Dynasty was a special system implemented in the early Ming Dynasty when the imperial examination was discontinued and the demand for talent was urgent, but in fact, The recommendation system in the early Ming Dynasty can be seen as a continuation of the system of selecting officials from the households in the Yuan Dynasty. The number of nominees serving as miscellaneous officials (including school officials) is also the highest. That is to say, in the early Ming Dynasty, the recommendation may have been deliberately followed by the old system, rather than the system of imitating the ancient times by courteous scholars. With the restoration of imperial examination system in Ming Dynasty, Confucianism gradually withdrew from miscellaneous official group through imperial examination. After 17 years of Hongwu, a series of regulations about officials as officials appeared, and gradually formed a way to replace officials as miscellaneous officials. Since then, the birth of miscellaneous officials in the Ming Dynasty gradually changed from recommendation to official, forming the situation that miscellaneous officials and officials gradually mixed with each other in the Ming Dynasty.
【作者單位】： 東北師范大學歷史文化學院;
【基金】：國家社會科學基金重點項目(12AZD093)
【分類號】：K248
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